1. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
Presented By: Dr. Syed Shoaib Muhammad

2. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Definition of Ultrasound:
Sound whose frequency is
greater than that perceivable by
humans (>20kHz)
Medical Ultrasound
– Imaging
• 1-12MHz (>40MHz in specialized
applications)
• 1.5 mm
0.125 mm
– Therapy:
• 100kHz-1MHz
• Heating, cauterization, cavitation

3. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• US Capabilities & Limitations
+ Provides Real-Time imaging
+ Color Doppler
Non-invasive flow measurement
+ Essentially non-toxic
+ Inexpensive
– Poor or no imaging through bone, gas
– Operator dependent image quality
– Images more difficult to interpret than CT

4. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Medical applications of 2d ultrasound
Carotid
Ultrasound
Transesophageal
Ultrasound
Breast
Ultrasound

5. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• More Medical applications
Ultrasonic Dental
Cleaning
Lithotripsy
Obstetric Ultrasound

6. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Medical applications of 3d ultrasound
Fetal Imaging
Gynecologic Imaging
Power Doppler
Imaging

7. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• More Medical applications
Prostate Imaging
Breast Imaging
Biopsy – Related
Imaging

8. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Customer Wishes….
– What will my baby look like?
– Is it a boy or a girl?
– Is my baby healthy and normal?

9. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• What will my baby look like??

10. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Is it a boy or a girl??
2-dimensional – Female
2-dimensional – Male
3-dimensional – Female
3-dimensional – Male

11. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Is my baby healthy and normal??
Abnormal
Normal

12. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• some AnomAlies….
Cleft lips at the 34 weeks.

13. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
Thin limbs in at 17 weeks. US reconstructed images.
Small for date baby with abnormal proportion, large head
and thin limbs and trunk, is demonstrated. (lower)
Postmortem -CT scan image of surface anatomy (left) and
bony structure (right) of the same baby.

14. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
Syndactyly in a case of Apert
syndrome at 31 weeks.
reconstructed images of the foot and
hand. All of toes and fingers are sticked
together. Postnatal appearance of foot
and hand. The same appearance as
prenatal imaging is seen.

15. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• 2D V/s 3d Ultrasound.
– Clearer to the untrained eye.
– Mothers are better able to
recognize their baby.
– Visual image, stronger
emotional connection.

16. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• 2D Ultrasound advantages
Procedure
Real – Time Images
Cost
Mobile

17. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• 2D Ultrasound disadvantages
Inaccurate
Low Resolution
Distortion of ultrasound waves
View of internal bone structure
Regional Placement

18. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• 3D Ultrasound advantages
Accuracy
• Width, height, and depth of images
Beneficial for pregnant women
More data collection than 2D
Ultrasound
Efficient
• Image reconstructed from single sweep across
target organ

19. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• 3D Ultrasound disadvantages
Cost
Training
Data Storage
Different Algorithms

20. The emerging practice of Ultrasound.
• Best time to get ultrasound:
 Gender check ---------- at least 17 weeks
 Offered between ------- 17 – 32 weeks
 Ideal time ----------------- 24 – 30 weeks

21. Thank You