Leprosy

1. OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2. A Day in the Patient’s Life
Mother Teresa
http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z96/whengzky/FR%20Joy%20pix/641c.jpg

3. • Leprosy is an infectious disease
• derived from the French work "leper"
and from the Greek word "lepros“
•
• which means scaly, referring to the
scales that form on the skin

4. • disfiguring skin sores
• nerve damage
• progressive debilitation

5. Alternative Name of Leprosy
• Hansen's disease

6. Types of Leprosy
• Tuberculoid
• Lepromatous
Both types of leprosy produce lesions on
the skin
Lepromatous is most severe which
produces large disfiguring nodules.

7. WHO classifications
• Indeterminate leprosy
-a few hypopigmented macules;
- can heal spontaneously
• Tuberculoid leprosy
- a few hypopigmented macules ,
- (lose pain sensation
-nerves become enlarged

8. • Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
-lesions like tuberculoid leprosy
-numerous with less nerve enlargement
• Mid-borderline leprosy
-many reddish plaques
-swollen lymph nodes

9. Borderline lepromatous leprosy
• many skin lesions with macules (flat
lesions) papules
• (raised bumps),
•
• plaques, and nodules,

10. Lepromatous leprosy
• Early lesions are pale macules
• Alopecia (hair loss
• often patients have no eyebrows or
eyelashes
• and limb weakness

11. • disfigurement of many areas including
the face

12. Causes of Leprosy
• Mycobacterium leprae
• rod-shaped bacilli
• grow slowly
• mainly affect the skin, nerves, and
mucous membrane

13. TRANSMISSION
Person to Person:
• spreads through infected respiratory
droplets
• can infect others by entering breaks in the
skin.
• cannot infect intact skin

14. Signs & Symptoms of Leprosy
• Eye Problems
• Muscle Weakness
• Skin Rash
• Skin Stiffness

15. • Skin lesions that are lighter than your
normal skin color
– Lesions have decreased sensation to
touch, heat, or pain
– Lesions do not heal after several weeks to
months
• Numbness or absent sensation in the
hands, arms, feet, and legs

16. Diagnosis of Leprosy
• question about patient's symptoms,
• current medical condition,
• and medication etc.
• doing a test called a skin biopsy.
• Lepromin skin test can be used to
distinguish lepromatous from
tuberculoid leprosy

17. Skin scraping examination for acid fast
bacteria
• When special stains are used for
microscopic analysis, it stains red on a
blue background due to mycolic acid
content in its cell walls

18. Complications of Leprosy
• Cosmetic Disfigurement
• Muscle Weakness
• Nerve Damage in the Extremities
• Sensory Loss in the Skin

19. OCULAR MANIFESTATION
• lagophthalmos,
• loss of eyebrows,
• corneal exposure
• keratitis
• uveitis
• scleritis
• loss of sensation with corneal
ulceration with scarring.

20. Treatments of Leprosy
• Treatment of leprosy typically involves
medicines along with supportive care
• Supportive care is aimed at treating
symptoms and associated
complications

21. • A number of different antibiotics are
used to kill the bacteria that causes the
disease.
• Aspirin, prednisone, or thalidomide are
used to control inflammation

22. PREVENTION
• Avoiding physical contact with
untreated people
• People who are in immediate contact
with the leprosy patient should be
tested for leprosy.
• Annual examinations

23. • Comprehensive care involves teaching
patients to care for themselves.
• Physiotherapy exercises are taught to
the patients to prevent the deformities
from worsening