2. MUET Jamshoro
Chemical Engineering Dept
Topic:-
Analysis of Coal Briquettes using
Indigenously Fabricated
Mechanical Press.
3. Supervised By
Dr. Shaheen Aziz
Co-Supervised By
Dr. Sohail A. Soomro
Group Members
Muhammad Faisal Khan Rind(G.L) 08CH75
Muhammad Naqi Raza (V.G.L) 08CH65
Rao Faizan Ahmed 08CH77
Syed Ali Haider 08CH92
Zahid Soomro 08CH20
Rao Muhammad Faheem 08CH84
Muhammad Tahir 08CH44
5. Introduction
Pakistan has vast coal reserves and ranked 6th
in coal rich countries.
185 billion tons of coal reserves are present in
different regions of the country.
A coal reserves available in Pakistan are
mostly Lignite (low grade coal) and therefore
not safe for combustion from the
environmental point of view.
6. Continue…
The main problem concern with indigenous
coal is their high amount of moisture and
sulphur.
There are also some problems with raw coal
like Incomplete Combustion, Spontaneous
Combustion, Handling etc.
7. Continue…
Coal briquetting is a process by which raw
coal, generally low grade coal is converted into
uniform, usually hard and impact resistance
agglomeration, making it a useful superior
quality fuel with good calorific value for
domestic and industrial purposes.
8. Applications & Advantages
Applications
Coal briquettes can be use in:
Boilers, kilns, gasifiers, blast furnaces, power
plants, foundries, refugee camps, domestic
heating, hamams, restaurant, hotels, armed
forces, rural areas, space heating, poultry
farms etc.
9. Advantages
Following are some advantages of coal briquetting:
Increase in Heating Value.
Resistance to weathering.
Resistance to handling.
Efficiency as a fuel.
Create environmental problem but less as compared
to mineral coal.
Spontaneous combustion and wastage coals can
effectively be controlled.
10. Aims & Objectives
i. Fabrication of Mechanical Press
ii. Briquetting of Coal
iii. Analysis of Coal Briquettes
11. Scope Of The Project
In Pakistan there are so many energy crises.
Shortfall of electricity is upto 4000 to 6000
MW. While now a days load shedding of gas is
also start due to decrease in gas reserves.
As we know that we are 6th rank in coal rich
counties. But main issue with utilization of
indigenous coal is pollution. We cannot neglect
use of coal by saying that it pollute
environment.
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Our project give path to utilize indigenous coal
reserves without polluting environment.
14. Continue…
What is Working Mechanism?
Make homogenous mixture of coal, additive and
binder.
Pour homogeneous mixture into
molds manually.
Put press on molds, by using
hydraulic jack apply pressure for
2 to 3mins.
Compacted coal briquettes are taken
out from mold
15. Specifications
Type of Machine Manual type Machine
Pressure 3 ton hydraulic pressure
Capacity 14 briquettes
Size of mold 9.5x6.3inch
Material of construction Medium Carbon steel
Thickness of sheet 3mm
16. Experimental Work
Mechanical work for fabrication of Mechanical
Press:
Sizing
Cutting
Welding
Molding
Sharping
Coloring
Finishing
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Casing Of Machine with Mold Casing Of Machine with Press
20. Briquetting Of Coal
Material required in coal briquetting are categorized
as under:
a. Coal
b. Additives
c. Binders
Coal: Coal mostly available in country is lignite and
suitable for briquetting. For briquetting we need fine
coal particles therefore first we crush lump particle
into jaw crusher and grind into ball mill.
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Additive: Coal present in Pakistan contain
high amount of sulphur. Which on combustion
produce Sulphur dioxide, it is main cause of
acid rain. Sulphur dioxide is also cause of
health problems due to this people face asthma
etc. To over come environmental and health
hazardous, Calcium Carbonate is used as
additive in coal briquettes, to convert sulphur
contents into sulfate.
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Following are Chemical Reactions
CaCO3 CaO+CO2
S+O2 SO2
SO2+1/2O2 SO3
CaO+SO3 CaSO4
Above reactions show that CaCO3 react with
sulphur and form Calcium Sulfate which will
be collected in the form of ash. So in this way
briquettes of coal get rid from sulphur
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Binder: It is use to bind fine coal particles
physically. Different types of binding materials
are used in coal briquettes.
The binders we select are very less due to their
availability in market. Binders which we use in
coal briquetting are listed as follows:
1. Bentonite 2. Starch 3. White Cement
4. Molases 5. Portland Cement
24. Briquetting Procedure
In this first we make homogeneous mixture of
coal, additive and binder.
Eight samples made with different binders. In
five samples lakhra coal is use while in
remaining three, Thar coal is used. Tables in
next slides show list and composition of
samples.
27. Binder
Mixed & Briquetted By
Coal Dried
Milled Mechanical Press
Additive
Briquettes
Schematic Of Coal Briquettes Preparation
28. Analysis Of Coal Briquettes
Following tests are carried out to analyze coal
briquettes:
Proximate Analysis
Moisture Test
Calorific Value Test
Sulphur Test
33. Sulphur Contents In Briquetted & Un-
Briquetted Coal
0.03
Sulphur Contents
0.025
0.02
ppm
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
IL
IT
B
BW
BW
BB
BB
BP
BP
B
M
BW
L
L
T
T
L
T
BS
L
L
Coal Samples
Graph shows that sulphur contents are same
in all samples. Sulphur contents in briquetted
samples are determined after combustion in
furnace.
34. 14000
12134
12000
10000 9223
Calorific Value
9517
9144
8758 8758 8636
8832
Kcal /kg
8000 7755
6947
6000
4000
2000
0
IL LBB LBW LBP LBWB LBSMB IT TBB TBW TBP
Coal Samples
Variation in calorific values is due to moisture
contents.
35. Moisture Contents In Briquetted & Un-
Briquetted Coal
30
Moisture Contents
25 23.52 23.88
21.73
20 20 19.11 20.59
(%)
15 16.41
10 11.6
8.95 7.35
5
0
IL
IT
B
BW
BW
BB
BB
BP
BP
B
M
BW
L
L
T
T
L
T
BS
L
L
Coal Samples
Variation is because of un properly drying of
coal briquettes if we give proper time for
drying then moisture can be reduced.
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Our results shows reduction of sulphur in coal
briquettes clearly while increment in calorific
is also sure if we dry coal briquettes properly
either in sun or in drier.
37. Conclusion
Pakistan face lot of problems in energy sector
specially now a days country face shortage of
gas due to this our industries going to be close
day by day.
Coal briquetting is a easiest and economical
technology to solve our country energy
problems without affecting environment
because CaCO3 used in briquettes to reduce or
vanish sulphur.
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Coal briquetting is solution of all those
problems which we face in raw coal like
incomplete combustion, spontaneous
combustion, handling etc.
We can get complete combustion by increasing
heating time and reduce or vanish emission of
CO.
Coal briquetting is a solution of spontaneous
combustion.
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Spontaneous combustion is the self oxidation
of coals and start burning itself if exposed to
atmosphere losing heat potential of coal.
Spontaneous combustion is due to aerial
oxidation of coal in presence of moisture.
Briquetting is a best way to utilize a
indigenous coal reserves.
Over all conclusion of coal briquetting is:
Energy saving
Less air pollution