1. The Constitution Tested 1789 - 1860

8. Washington’s Foreign Policy Proclamation of Neutrality – 1793 Alexander Hamilton Support FRANCE! They are revolting against an oppressor just like we did 14 years ago! They favor democracy! Support BRITAIN! Democracy and freedom does not give the French the right to murder! Thomas Jefferson “ Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between…Great Britain, on the one part, and France on the other; and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial [to not take sides] towards the [warring] powers; I…therefore…warn the citizens of the United States to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever…. And I do hereby make known, that any citizen of the United States shall be…liable to punishment…by committing, aiding, or abetting hostilities against any Powers, or by carrying to any of them those articles which are deemed [prohibited] by the nations…. Task: What is Washington’s position? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Washington wanted to stay neutral. We should not choose any side. If anyone is caught helping out either side, they will be punished.

10. Washington’s Farewell Address “ The great rule of conduct is for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our [trade] relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far we have already formed alliances, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop… Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course… Why [give up] the advantages of so peculiar a situation?...Why be interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity with the toils of European ambition, [competition], interest or [behavior without reason]? It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are not at liberty to do it…” Task: What was the main message of Washington’s Farewell Address? ______________________________________________________________________________________ Task: What should we do to the alliances we already have? ______________________________________________________________________________________ Task: What enables us to follow the policy suggested by Washington? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AVOID PERMANENT ALLIANCES – STAY NEUTRAL!!!!! We are isolated from other countries. We have oceans to the left and right and no neighbors to start trouble with. Therefore, we can afford to be neutral. We should honor them.

16. War of 1812 Rebuilding the White House, 1814 NEWSFLASH - U.S. Declares War on Britain War ends in a draw. White House burned by the British War hero emerges – Andrew Jackson “ Star Spangled Banner” written by Francis Scott Key OUTCOMES OF THE WAR OF 1812 America wanted continue its policy of neutrality Native Americans lose British as an ally in the West

17. The Star Spangled Banner And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more? Their blood has wash'd out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. O thus be it ever when free-men shall stand Between their lov'd home and the war's desolation; Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land Praise the Pow'r that hath made and preserv'd us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: “In God is our trust!” And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream: 'Tis the star-spangled banner: O, long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! The Star Spangled Banner Francis Scott Key

25. US History & Government The Age of Jackson (1828-1836)

28. Images of President Jackson

34. President Andrew Jackson Fires 2,000 workers and replaces them with his supporters. Vetoes more acts of Congress than any President that came before him. Closes the National Bank because he felt it supported Northerners and hurt the farmers. Fights Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) High tariff means more money for northern manufacturers; less money for Southern farmers. South believed it could nullify an act of Congress if it felt it was unconstitutional. nullify : declare void Indian Removal Act Jackson forces 100,000 Cherokee Indians off their land in Georgia to land west of the Mississippi.

36. Rate the Presidency of Andrew Jackson 0 5 10 Rate the presidency of Andrew Jackson – 0 meaning one of the worst and 10 being among the best.

39. Land Acquired between 1783-1867

40. Louisiana Purchase (1803)

41. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase War with Mexico led to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

42. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase War with Mexico led to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

44. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase War with Mexico led to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

47. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase War with Mexico led to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

50. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase Mexican American War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

51. Mexican War MEXICAN WAR

54. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase Mexican American War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence from Mexico & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

56. Purchased because Russia short of money Russia (1867) Alaska Purchased to build a railroad Mexico (1853) Gadsden Purchase War with Mexico led to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico (1848) Mexican Cession Treaty that extended the 49 th parallel to the Pacific Ocean Britain (1846) Oregon 1836 Texas declares independence & requests admission to the union Independent (1845) Texas Adams-Onis Treaty. US gave up claims to Texas Spain (1819) Florida Pres. Jefferson purchased from France for $15 million France (1803) Louisiana Purchase How land was acquired Acquired From Date Acquired Land

58. Manifest Destiny IT IS YOUR MANIFEST DESTINY! Manifest: clearly Destiny: pre-determined To expand from “sea to shining sea” From the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean From East to West. Slide #2

59. Manifest Destiny Do Now: How might the following groups view America’s expansion across the continent? Southern Planters: ____________________________________________ Slaves: ____________________________________________ Northerners: ____________________________________________ Native Americans: ____________________________________________ Should these new lands be open to slavery? The North said NO SLAVERY IN THE NEW LAND. The South said SLAVERY – YOU BETCHA! To avoid conflict between the North and the South, Congress attempted to balance the number of slave states and non-slave states that entered the Union.

60. Missouri Compromise, 1820 Slave States: Free States: 12 12 13 14 14 Missouri Compromise : Maine can enter as a free state; Missouri must enter as a slave state. Drew a line at the 36 o 30’ parallel – free above; slavery below. Free State Slave State

61. Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850: California enters as a free state; Mexican Cession decided by popular sovereignty. (people decide by voting) Free States Slave States Popular Sovereignty LOUISIANA TERRITORY MEXICAN CESSION

62. Fugitive Slave Act ALL RUNAWAY SLAVES IN THE NORTH CAN BE RE-CAPTURED AND RETURNED TO THEIR SOUTHERN PLANTATIONS! Task: How do you think the North responded to the Compromise of 1850, which included the Fugitive Slave Act? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task: How do you think the South responded to the Compromise of 1850 (particularly popular sovereignty), which included the Fugitive Slave Act? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

63. Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act: Slavery in the Kansas and Nebraska territories were to be decided by popular sovereignty. Free States Slave States Popular Sovereignty

65. “ Bleeding Kansas” Southern Congressman Preston Brooks attacked abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner on the Senate floor. Supporters of Brooks passed out replica canes to demonstrate their support for slavery. Task: Explain what is happening in this cartoon to the right. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

67. Scott v. Sanford – The Dred Scott Case (1857) The Missouri Compromise is deemed unconstitutional. Task: What power did Chief Justice Roger Taney use in making the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional? ________________________________________ judicial review Free States Slave States Popular Sovereignty

69. “ Two Brothers” “ Two Brothers” Two brothers on their way, One wore blue and one wore gray. One wore blue and one wore gray As they marched along their way. Fife and drum began to play All on a beautiful morning. One was gentle, one was kind One was gentle, one was kind. One came home, one stayed behind. Cannonball don’t pay no mind. Cannonball don’t pay no mind If you’re gentle or you’re kind. Don’t care about no folks behind All on a beautiful morning. Two girls waiting by the railroad track, One wore blue and one wore black. One wore blue and one wore black, waiting by the railroad track, For their darlings to come back, All on a beautiful morning.

70. Sectionalism Task: How would you describe the atmosphere in the United States prior to the Civil War? Explain. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Plantation-based economy Paid people to work Industrial-based economy Despised the protective tariff Population predominantly black Had slave labor Favored a protective tariff Population predominantly white Believed states didn’t have the right to secede Believed states could nullify a law NORTH SOUTH

72. Election of 1860

74. Secession United States Confederate States of America

76. Secession United States Confederate States of America Border States

79. North vs. South Task: What role would population, factories, and railroads have on the war effort? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task: What are some other advantages and disadvantages each side has in the war? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task: In your opinion, who has the upper hand in the war? Explain. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 million bales 4 thousand bales Cotton Production $47 million $207 million Bank Deposits 9,000 21,700 Miles of Railroad 20,600 110,100 Number of Factories 9 million 21.5 million Population South North

81. Battery D, 2d U.S. Artillery in Action, Fredericksburg, Virginia - 1863 (Gardner)

82. A Burial Party, Cold Harbor, Virginia – April 1863 (Gardner)

83. A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – July 1863 (Gardner)

84. Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – July 1863 (Gardner)

85. Slaughter Pen (Little Round Top), Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – July 1863 (Gardner)

86. A Sharpshooter’s Last Sleep, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – July 1863 (Gardner)

89. The Costs of War Do Now: How do we measure the costs of war? Explain. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

91. What Next? Task: Where should the nation go from here? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task: What do you think should be done with the freed slaves? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task: What problems might the country face when rebuilding? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________