SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 33
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Dr. Jayesh Patidar
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
THINKING
 People think-that’s obvious.
 Human are rational beings & our rationality consists in our
ability to think & reason.
 It is because of our capacity for better thinking that we are
superior to other animals in learning & in making
adjustment.
 During most of our waking hours, & even when we are
asleep & dreaming, we are thinking,What are you thinking
about right now.
2/6/20152 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 Thinking is an activity concerning ideas, symbolic in character
initiated by a problem or task which the individual is facing,
involving some trial & error but under the directing influence of that
problem & ultimately leading to a conclusion or solution of the
problem.
--------Warren
 Thinking is the organization & reorganization of current learning in
the present circumstances with the help of learning & past
experiences.
---------Vinacke (1968)
 Thinking is the perceptual relationship which provides for the
solution of the problem.
--------Maier
2/6/20153 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com4
 It is essentially a cognitive activity.
 It is always directed to achieve some end or purpose.
 It is described as a problem-solving behavior.
 It is a symbolic activity.
 It is mental exploration instead of motor
exploration.
 It can shift very rapidly.
 It is internal activity.
1. Perceptual or concrete thinking
2. Conceptual or abstract thinking
3. Creative thinking
4. Logical thinking/ reasoning
5. Problem solving
6. ConvergentVs Divergent thinking
2/6/20155 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It is based on perception.
 Perception is the process of interpretation of sensation
according to one’s experience.
 It is also called concrete thinking as it is carried over the
perception of actual or concrete & events.
 It is one-dimentional & literal thinking which has limited use of
metaphor without understanding nuances of meaning.
 Being the simplest form of thinking, small children are mostly
benefitted by this type of thinking.
2/6/20156 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It does not require the perception of actual objects or events.
 It is also called abstract thinking as it makes the use of
concepts or abstract ideas.
 It is superior to perceptual thinking's as it economizes efforts
in understanding & helps in discovery & invention.
 It is ability to appreciate nuances of meaning.
 It is multidimensional thinking with ability to use metaphors
& hypotheses appropriately.
 Language plays an important part in conceptual thinking.
2/6/20157 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It refers to the ability for original thinking, to create or
discover something new.
 It is the ability to integrate the various elements of the
situation into a harmonious whole to create something novel.
 In other words, cognitive activity directed towards some
creative work refers to creative thinking.
 Creative thinkers are great boons to the society as they enrich
the knowledge of mankind.
 The creative thinker tries to achieve something new, to
produce something original & something unique
2/6/20158 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It is the cognitive process of looking for reasons for beliefs,
conclusion,actions or feelings.
 It is the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence.
 It is form of controlled thinking in which the thought process
is directed consciously towards the solutions of a problem.
 Reasoning is the highest form of thinking to find out causes &
predict effects.
 An individual tries to solve a problem by incorporating two or
more aspects of his past experience.
2/6/20159 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
Count…
 It is classified into;
I. Inductive reasoning:
This is process of reasoning from parts to the whole,
from example to generalizations. It is carried out generally within
the field known as informal logic or critical thinking.
II. Deductive reasoning:
This moves from the whole to part, from
generalization to underlying concepts to examples. Formal logic is
described as “the science of deduction.”
III. Abductive reasoning:
It is cognitive process often involves both inductive &
deductive arguments.
2/6/201510 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It is a tool, skill & a process.
 It is a tool because it can help you solve an immediate problem or
to achieve a goal.
 It is a skill because once you have learnt it you can use it
repeatedly, like the ability to ride a bicycle, add numbers or speak a
language.
 It is also a process because it involve taking a number of steps.
 You can engage in problem solving if you want to reach a goal &
experience obstacles on the way.
 At the point at which you come up against a barrier you can engage
in a problem solving process to help you achieve your goal.
2/6/201511 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
Count…
 Every time you use a problem solving process, you are increasing
your problem solving skill.
 A seven-step problem solving cycles;
1. Identify the problem
2. Explore the problem
3. Set goals
4. Look at alternatives
5. Select a possible solution
6. Implement a possible solution
7. evaluation
2/6/201512 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 Convergent thinking is cognitive processing of information
around a common point, an attempt to bring thoughts from
different directions into a union for common conclusion
 Divergent thinking starts from a common point & moves
outward into a variety of perspectives. Eg; teachers use the
content as a vehicle to prompt diverse or unique thinking
among students rather than a common view.
2/6/201513 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 There are six levels of thinking / learning within cognitive
hierarchy of behaviors;
1. Level1: Knowledge
2. Level 2: Comprehension
3. Level 3:Application
4. Level 4:Analysis
5. Level 5: Synthesis
6. Level 6: Evaluation
2/6/201514 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It involve recall of facts, principles & terms in the
forms in which they are learned.
 Key words:who, what, when, omit, where, which,
choose, find, how, define, label, show, spell, list,
match, name, relate, tell, recall, select.
 Eg;When did --------------------------happen?
Which one ---------------------------?
2/6/201515 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It represent the lowest form of understanding.
 The student knows what is being communicated without relating it
to other material or seeing it in its fullest meaning.
 It demonstrates understanding of facts & ideas by organizing,
comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions & stating
main ideas.
 Key words:Compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain,
extend, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, rephrase, translate,
summarize, show, classify.
 Eg;What facts or ideas show-------------?
Which is the best answer---------- ?
2/6/201516 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It involve the use of abstractions in concrete situation such as
nursing or other specific situations.
 It is solving problems by applying acquired knowledge, facts,
techniques & rules in a different way.
 Key words: apply, build, choose, construct develop, interview,
make use of, organize, experiment with plan, select, solve,
utilize, model, identify.
 Eg;What would result if--------------?
Can you make use of the facts to--------?
2/6/201517 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It is examining & breaking information into parts by identifying
motives or causes; making inferences & finding evidence to
support generalization.
 Key words:analyze, categorize, compare, contrast, discover,
dissect, divide, examine, inspect, simplify, survey, take part in,
test for, distinguish, list, distinction, theme, relationships,
function, motive, inferences, assumption, conclusion.
 Eg;What are key parts or features of-------------?
What motive is there-----------------?
What evidence can you find---------------?
2/6/201518 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
 It is compiling information together in a different way by
combining element in a new pattern or proposing alternative
solution.
 Key words:build, choose, combine, compile, compose, construct,
create, design, develop, estimate, formulate, imagine, invent,
makeup, originate, plan, predict, propose, solve solution etc.
 Eg; Can you propose an alternative-----------?
Can you formulate a theory for-----------?
What facts can you compile-----------?
2/6/201519 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com20
 It is presenting & defending opinion by making judgment about
information, validity of ideas or quality of work based on a set of
criteria.
 Key words: award, choose, conclude, criticize, decide, defend,
determine, evaluate, judge, justify, measure, compare, mark,
rate, recommend, prioritize, prove, disprove etc.
 Eg;What is your opinion of--------------?
Would it be better if---------------?
How would you rate the-----------------?
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com21
1.
• Clutter creates confusion.
• Get organized & work with a fresh canvas.
• On an average, we spend about 45 minutes a day looking for
things eg;Where are my keys?
• Keep only the current project you are working on in front of
you.
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com22
 Multi-tasking is highly over-rated & causes a loss of upto 40%
efficiency.
 Get yourself one hour of focused seclusion to work on your
important task.
 It will increase both productivity, creativity & morale.
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com23
 Go to a gallery, pick up an art book or spend time with nature.
4.
• This is a best practice that allows you to visualize & map your
projects, & strategies.
• It is also a life saving memory device that will help you
remember more & organize your thinking.
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com24
 When you have been working on something for more than an
hour, you start loosing concentration & focus.
 So, stop, get up & walk around & then go back to your work.
THINKING IN RELATION TO LANGUAGE
AND COMMUNICATION
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com25
 Through the use of language, we can develop complex &
abstract concepts.We learn through discussion the essential
characteristics of concepts.
 Language like thought is directed to some purpose or goal. It
has a unity & organization about the goal. Language is the
symbolic vehicle by which thought is carried.
 Language allow new learning to be communicated to others &
saved for future generations.
 The use of language – the communication of information.
 Language provides us with categories that we use to construct
our view of people & events in the world around us.
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com26
1. Psychosis
2. delusion
1. Psychosis
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com27
 It is a mental disorder in which reality testing is not intact;
behavior may violate gross social norms.
 It is just opposite to neurosis in which reality testing is intact &
behavior may not violate social norms.
 Many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania,
depression etc. come under psychosis.
 It include various disturbances in thinking.
2. Delusion
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com28
 It is false, persistent, irrational belief not shared by persons of same
age, race, education standard which cannot be altered by logical
arguments.
 Delusions are classified into:
 Persecutory delusion
 Delusion of reference
 Delusion of influence
 Delusion of guilt
 Hypochondrical delusion
 Nihilistic delusion
 Delusion of grandeur
REASONING
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com29
DEFINATION OF REASONING
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com30
 Reasoning is step-wise thinking with a purpose or
goal in mind.
-(Garrett - 1968)
 Reasoning is combining past experience in order to
solve a problem which cannot be solved by mere
reproduction of earlier solutions.
-(Mann - 1967)
NATURE OF REASONING
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com31
 It is a form of logical thinking
 It is characterized by rigid control that keeps it in
close contact with reality.
 It is always directed towards the achievement of a
specific goal.
 Reasoning does not occur unless a question has
arisen for which there is no ready answer.
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com32
TYPES OF REASONING
Inductive Reasoning
(Proceed from specific facts
or observation to general
principles.)
For example, iron expand
when heated
Deductive Reasoning
(Proceed from general
principles to specific
situations)
For examples, matter expands
when heated; iron is a form of
matter & thus expands when
heated.
2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com33
Thank
you

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente (20)

Psychology unit III- thinking
Psychology unit III- thinkingPsychology unit III- thinking
Psychology unit III- thinking
 
Intelligence PSYCHOLOGY
Intelligence PSYCHOLOGYIntelligence PSYCHOLOGY
Intelligence PSYCHOLOGY
 
Attention
AttentionAttention
Attention
 
Psychology unit III Aptitude
Psychology unit III AptitudePsychology unit III Aptitude
Psychology unit III Aptitude
 
Cognitive process
Cognitive processCognitive process
Cognitive process
 
Motivation- Psychology
Motivation- PsychologyMotivation- Psychology
Motivation- Psychology
 
Cognitive process
Cognitive processCognitive process
Cognitive process
 
Learning, Psychology
Learning, PsychologyLearning, Psychology
Learning, Psychology
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
Frustration- Psychology
Frustration- PsychologyFrustration- Psychology
Frustration- Psychology
 
Perception principle and application
Perception principle and applicationPerception principle and application
Perception principle and application
 
Unit 3 thinking
Unit 3 thinkingUnit 3 thinking
Unit 3 thinking
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
Psychological assessment and test
Psychological assessment and testPsychological assessment and test
Psychological assessment and test
 
Psychology unit VI- Developmental Psycholgy
Psychology unit  VI- Developmental PsycholgyPsychology unit  VI- Developmental Psycholgy
Psychology unit VI- Developmental Psycholgy
 
Body Mind Relationship- The Integrated Response in Psychology
Body Mind Relationship- The Integrated Response in PsychologyBody Mind Relationship- The Integrated Response in Psychology
Body Mind Relationship- The Integrated Response in Psychology
 
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGYMETHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
 
Unit 3 Cognitive Process / Learning
Unit 3 Cognitive Process / LearningUnit 3 Cognitive Process / Learning
Unit 3 Cognitive Process / Learning
 
Intelligence
IntelligenceIntelligence
Intelligence
 
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theoriesintelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
intelligence- meaning, types, factors, theories
 

Similar a Thinking and reasoning

Creative Problem Solving and Leadership
Creative Problem Solving and LeadershipCreative Problem Solving and Leadership
Creative Problem Solving and LeadershipRodalyn Salvaleon
 
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Jaya Pathak
 
Top Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam Nazzal
Top Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam NazzalTop Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam Nazzal
Top Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam NazzalTop Pillars
 
Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/Assignment Help
 
EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2
EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2
EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2Bernie Dodge
 
THINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptx
THINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptxTHINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptx
THINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptxKallesh11
 
Day 24 critical thinking skill
Day 24   critical thinking skillDay 24   critical thinking skill
Day 24 critical thinking skillPrabodh Sirur
 
Creativity & Problem Solving
Creativity & Problem Solving Creativity & Problem Solving
Creativity & Problem Solving Kenny Cheah
 
Lecture 5: Creative Thinking
Lecture 5: Creative ThinkingLecture 5: Creative Thinking
Lecture 5: Creative ThinkingTathagat Varma
 
Critical writing and presentation skills
Critical writing and presentation skillsCritical writing and presentation skills
Critical writing and presentation skillsAzrakhan30
 
The Art of Critical Thinking.docx
The Art of Critical Thinking.docxThe Art of Critical Thinking.docx
The Art of Critical Thinking.docxSurendra Gusain
 
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATIONProblem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATIONKanaidi ken
 
Thinking in psychology
Thinking in psychologyThinking in psychology
Thinking in psychologyBinesh Babu
 

Similar a Thinking and reasoning (20)

Thinking
ThinkingThinking
Thinking
 
Creative Problem Solving and Leadership
Creative Problem Solving and LeadershipCreative Problem Solving and Leadership
Creative Problem Solving and Leadership
 
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
 
Top Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam Nazzal
Top Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam NazzalTop Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam Nazzal
Top Pillars | Critical Thinking by Essam Nazzal
 
Six Thinking Hats Essay
Six Thinking Hats EssaySix Thinking Hats Essay
Six Thinking Hats Essay
 
Thinking.pptx
Thinking.pptxThinking.pptx
Thinking.pptx
 
Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
Chapter 6.thinking.learning http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
 
EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2
EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2
EDTEC 700 DM: Week 2
 
Hots
HotsHots
Hots
 
THINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptx
THINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptxTHINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptx
THINKING REASONING & PROBLEM SOLVING.pptx
 
Day 24 critical thinking skill
Day 24   critical thinking skillDay 24   critical thinking skill
Day 24 critical thinking skill
 
Creativity & Problem Solving
Creativity & Problem Solving Creativity & Problem Solving
Creativity & Problem Solving
 
Lecture 5: Creative Thinking
Lecture 5: Creative ThinkingLecture 5: Creative Thinking
Lecture 5: Creative Thinking
 
critical-thinking-facilitator's-guide-strang-2011
critical-thinking-facilitator's-guide-strang-2011critical-thinking-facilitator's-guide-strang-2011
critical-thinking-facilitator's-guide-strang-2011
 
Critical writing and presentation skills
Critical writing and presentation skillsCritical writing and presentation skills
Critical writing and presentation skills
 
Discussion Board.docx
Discussion Board.docxDiscussion Board.docx
Discussion Board.docx
 
Critical Thinking In Essay Writing
Critical Thinking In Essay WritingCritical Thinking In Essay Writing
Critical Thinking In Essay Writing
 
The Art of Critical Thinking.docx
The Art of Critical Thinking.docxThe Art of Critical Thinking.docx
The Art of Critical Thinking.docx
 
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATIONProblem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
Problem Solving Skill in NEGOTIATION
 
Thinking in psychology
Thinking in psychologyThinking in psychology
Thinking in psychology
 

Más de Nursing Path

Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
 
Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19Nursing Path
 
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19Nursing Path
 
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balanceFluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balanceNursing Path
 
Hospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control ProgrammeHospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control ProgrammeNursing Path
 
Outcome based education
Outcome based educationOutcome based education
Outcome based educationNursing Path
 
Selection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experienceSelection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
 
Universal Health Coverage
Universal Health CoverageUniversal Health Coverage
Universal Health CoverageNursing Path
 
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationNursing Path
 
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Nursing Path
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1Nursing Path
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examNursing Path
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examNursing Path
 
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xThe enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xNursing Path
 

Más de Nursing Path (20)

Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019
 
Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19Isolation facility for covid-19
Isolation facility for covid-19
 
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19Guidelines on clinical management of covid   19
Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19
 
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balanceFluid and electrolyte balance
Fluid and electrolyte balance
 
Hospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control ProgrammeHospital Infection Control Programme
Hospital Infection Control Programme
 
Outcome based education
Outcome based educationOutcome based education
Outcome based education
 
Assessment
AssessmentAssessment
Assessment
 
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disordersAnxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders
 
Selection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experienceSelection and organization of learning experience
Selection and organization of learning experience
 
Universal Health Coverage
Universal Health CoverageUniversal Health Coverage
Universal Health Coverage
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Swine flu
Swine fluSwine flu
Swine flu
 
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
 
Abortion
AbortionAbortion
Abortion
 
Microbiology
MicrobiologyMicrobiology
Microbiology
 
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
Fundamentals of nursing practice exa1
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
 
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice examFundamentals of nursing practice exam
Fundamentals of nursing practice exam
 
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xThe enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x
 

Último

Statistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptx
Statistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptxStatistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptx
Statistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptxClarizaJaneMetro1
 
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSIS
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSISSUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSIS
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSISTRIDIP BORUAH
 
Oxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respirationOxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respirationTRIDIP BORUAH
 
What is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP Module
What is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP ModuleWhat is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP Module
What is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
 
Patterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptx
Patterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptxPatterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptx
Patterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptxAlexandraSwartzwelde
 
Objectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptx
Objectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptxObjectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptx
Objectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptxMadhavi Dharankar
 
Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...
Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...
Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...DrVipulVKapoor
 
Employablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptx
Employablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptxEmployablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptx
Employablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptxryandux83rd
 
Farrington HS Streamlines Guest Entrance
Farrington HS Streamlines Guest EntranceFarrington HS Streamlines Guest Entrance
Farrington HS Streamlines Guest Entrancejulius27264
 
(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf
(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf
(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdfMJDuyan
 
Jordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media Component
Jordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media ComponentJordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media Component
Jordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media ComponentInMediaRes1
 
Calendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR Campaign
Calendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR CampaignCalendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR Campaign
Calendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR CampaignCorinne Weisgerber
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Jason Potel In Media Res Media Component
Jason Potel In Media Res Media ComponentJason Potel In Media Res Media Component
Jason Potel In Media Res Media ComponentInMediaRes1
 
4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx
4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx
4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptxmary850239
 
How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17
How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17
How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Self directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDL
Self directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDLSelf directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDL
Self directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDLspmdoc
 
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significance
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significancePyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significance
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significanceTRIDIP BORUAH
 
PART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
PART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFEPART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
PART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFEMISSRITIMABIOLOGYEXP
 

Último (20)

Statistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptx
Statistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptxStatistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptx
Statistics and Probability Testing Hypothesis.pptx
 
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSIS
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSISSUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSIS
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION IN GLYCOLYSIS
 
Oxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respirationOxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respiration
Oxidative phosphorylation and energy calculation of aerobic respiration
 
What is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP Module
What is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP ModuleWhat is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP Module
What is Property Fields in Odoo 17 ERP Module
 
Patterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptx
Patterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptxPatterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptx
Patterns of Evolution Slides for Canvas Notes.pptx
 
Objectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptx
Objectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptxObjectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptx
Objectives n learning outcoms - MD 20240404.pptx
 
Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...
Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...
Geoffrey Chaucer Works II UGC NET JRF TGT PGT MA PHD Entrance Exam II History...
 
Employablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptx
Employablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptxEmployablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptx
Employablity presentation and Future Career Plan.pptx
 
Herbal Cosmetics , Industries involved in the production of Herbal/natural co...
Herbal Cosmetics , Industries involved in the production of Herbal/natural co...Herbal Cosmetics , Industries involved in the production of Herbal/natural co...
Herbal Cosmetics , Industries involved in the production of Herbal/natural co...
 
Farrington HS Streamlines Guest Entrance
Farrington HS Streamlines Guest EntranceFarrington HS Streamlines Guest Entrance
Farrington HS Streamlines Guest Entrance
 
(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf
(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf
(Part 2) CHILDREN'S DISABILITIES AND EXCEPTIONALITIES.pdf
 
Jordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media Component
Jordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media ComponentJordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media Component
Jordan Chrietzberg In Media Res Media Component
 
Calendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR Campaign
Calendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR CampaignCalendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR Campaign
Calendar, Budget, Evaluation of a PR Campaign
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KĨ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10 CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE) - GLOBAL SUCC...
 
Jason Potel In Media Res Media Component
Jason Potel In Media Res Media ComponentJason Potel In Media Res Media Component
Jason Potel In Media Res Media Component
 
4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx
4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx
4.4.24 Economic Precarity and Global Economic Forces.pptx
 
How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17
How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17
How to Override Delete Function in Odoo 17
 
Self directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDL
Self directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDLSelf directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDL
Self directed Learning - SDL, introduction to SDL
 
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significance
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significancePyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significance
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex and its significance
 
PART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
PART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFEPART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
PART 1 - CHAPTER 1 - CELL THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
 

Thinking and reasoning

  • 2.  People think-that’s obvious.  Human are rational beings & our rationality consists in our ability to think & reason.  It is because of our capacity for better thinking that we are superior to other animals in learning & in making adjustment.  During most of our waking hours, & even when we are asleep & dreaming, we are thinking,What are you thinking about right now. 2/6/20152 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 3.  Thinking is an activity concerning ideas, symbolic in character initiated by a problem or task which the individual is facing, involving some trial & error but under the directing influence of that problem & ultimately leading to a conclusion or solution of the problem. --------Warren  Thinking is the organization & reorganization of current learning in the present circumstances with the help of learning & past experiences. ---------Vinacke (1968)  Thinking is the perceptual relationship which provides for the solution of the problem. --------Maier 2/6/20153 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 4. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com4  It is essentially a cognitive activity.  It is always directed to achieve some end or purpose.  It is described as a problem-solving behavior.  It is a symbolic activity.  It is mental exploration instead of motor exploration.  It can shift very rapidly.  It is internal activity.
  • 5. 1. Perceptual or concrete thinking 2. Conceptual or abstract thinking 3. Creative thinking 4. Logical thinking/ reasoning 5. Problem solving 6. ConvergentVs Divergent thinking 2/6/20155 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 6.  It is based on perception.  Perception is the process of interpretation of sensation according to one’s experience.  It is also called concrete thinking as it is carried over the perception of actual or concrete & events.  It is one-dimentional & literal thinking which has limited use of metaphor without understanding nuances of meaning.  Being the simplest form of thinking, small children are mostly benefitted by this type of thinking. 2/6/20156 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 7.  It does not require the perception of actual objects or events.  It is also called abstract thinking as it makes the use of concepts or abstract ideas.  It is superior to perceptual thinking's as it economizes efforts in understanding & helps in discovery & invention.  It is ability to appreciate nuances of meaning.  It is multidimensional thinking with ability to use metaphors & hypotheses appropriately.  Language plays an important part in conceptual thinking. 2/6/20157 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 8.  It refers to the ability for original thinking, to create or discover something new.  It is the ability to integrate the various elements of the situation into a harmonious whole to create something novel.  In other words, cognitive activity directed towards some creative work refers to creative thinking.  Creative thinkers are great boons to the society as they enrich the knowledge of mankind.  The creative thinker tries to achieve something new, to produce something original & something unique 2/6/20158 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 9.  It is the cognitive process of looking for reasons for beliefs, conclusion,actions or feelings.  It is the process of drawing conclusions based on evidence.  It is form of controlled thinking in which the thought process is directed consciously towards the solutions of a problem.  Reasoning is the highest form of thinking to find out causes & predict effects.  An individual tries to solve a problem by incorporating two or more aspects of his past experience. 2/6/20159 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 10. Count…  It is classified into; I. Inductive reasoning: This is process of reasoning from parts to the whole, from example to generalizations. It is carried out generally within the field known as informal logic or critical thinking. II. Deductive reasoning: This moves from the whole to part, from generalization to underlying concepts to examples. Formal logic is described as “the science of deduction.” III. Abductive reasoning: It is cognitive process often involves both inductive & deductive arguments. 2/6/201510 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 11.  It is a tool, skill & a process.  It is a tool because it can help you solve an immediate problem or to achieve a goal.  It is a skill because once you have learnt it you can use it repeatedly, like the ability to ride a bicycle, add numbers or speak a language.  It is also a process because it involve taking a number of steps.  You can engage in problem solving if you want to reach a goal & experience obstacles on the way.  At the point at which you come up against a barrier you can engage in a problem solving process to help you achieve your goal. 2/6/201511 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 12. Count…  Every time you use a problem solving process, you are increasing your problem solving skill.  A seven-step problem solving cycles; 1. Identify the problem 2. Explore the problem 3. Set goals 4. Look at alternatives 5. Select a possible solution 6. Implement a possible solution 7. evaluation 2/6/201512 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 13.  Convergent thinking is cognitive processing of information around a common point, an attempt to bring thoughts from different directions into a union for common conclusion  Divergent thinking starts from a common point & moves outward into a variety of perspectives. Eg; teachers use the content as a vehicle to prompt diverse or unique thinking among students rather than a common view. 2/6/201513 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 14.  There are six levels of thinking / learning within cognitive hierarchy of behaviors; 1. Level1: Knowledge 2. Level 2: Comprehension 3. Level 3:Application 4. Level 4:Analysis 5. Level 5: Synthesis 6. Level 6: Evaluation 2/6/201514 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 15.  It involve recall of facts, principles & terms in the forms in which they are learned.  Key words:who, what, when, omit, where, which, choose, find, how, define, label, show, spell, list, match, name, relate, tell, recall, select.  Eg;When did --------------------------happen? Which one ---------------------------? 2/6/201515 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 16.  It represent the lowest form of understanding.  The student knows what is being communicated without relating it to other material or seeing it in its fullest meaning.  It demonstrates understanding of facts & ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions & stating main ideas.  Key words:Compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, extend, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, rephrase, translate, summarize, show, classify.  Eg;What facts or ideas show-------------? Which is the best answer---------- ? 2/6/201516 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 17.  It involve the use of abstractions in concrete situation such as nursing or other specific situations.  It is solving problems by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques & rules in a different way.  Key words: apply, build, choose, construct develop, interview, make use of, organize, experiment with plan, select, solve, utilize, model, identify.  Eg;What would result if--------------? Can you make use of the facts to--------? 2/6/201517 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 18.  It is examining & breaking information into parts by identifying motives or causes; making inferences & finding evidence to support generalization.  Key words:analyze, categorize, compare, contrast, discover, dissect, divide, examine, inspect, simplify, survey, take part in, test for, distinguish, list, distinction, theme, relationships, function, motive, inferences, assumption, conclusion.  Eg;What are key parts or features of-------------? What motive is there-----------------? What evidence can you find---------------? 2/6/201518 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 19.  It is compiling information together in a different way by combining element in a new pattern or proposing alternative solution.  Key words:build, choose, combine, compile, compose, construct, create, design, develop, estimate, formulate, imagine, invent, makeup, originate, plan, predict, propose, solve solution etc.  Eg; Can you propose an alternative-----------? Can you formulate a theory for-----------? What facts can you compile-----------? 2/6/201519 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
  • 20. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com20  It is presenting & defending opinion by making judgment about information, validity of ideas or quality of work based on a set of criteria.  Key words: award, choose, conclude, criticize, decide, defend, determine, evaluate, judge, justify, measure, compare, mark, rate, recommend, prioritize, prove, disprove etc.  Eg;What is your opinion of--------------? Would it be better if---------------? How would you rate the-----------------?
  • 21. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com21 1. • Clutter creates confusion. • Get organized & work with a fresh canvas. • On an average, we spend about 45 minutes a day looking for things eg;Where are my keys? • Keep only the current project you are working on in front of you.
  • 22. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com22  Multi-tasking is highly over-rated & causes a loss of upto 40% efficiency.  Get yourself one hour of focused seclusion to work on your important task.  It will increase both productivity, creativity & morale.
  • 23. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com23  Go to a gallery, pick up an art book or spend time with nature. 4. • This is a best practice that allows you to visualize & map your projects, & strategies. • It is also a life saving memory device that will help you remember more & organize your thinking.
  • 24. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com24  When you have been working on something for more than an hour, you start loosing concentration & focus.  So, stop, get up & walk around & then go back to your work.
  • 25. THINKING IN RELATION TO LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com25  Through the use of language, we can develop complex & abstract concepts.We learn through discussion the essential characteristics of concepts.  Language like thought is directed to some purpose or goal. It has a unity & organization about the goal. Language is the symbolic vehicle by which thought is carried.  Language allow new learning to be communicated to others & saved for future generations.  The use of language – the communication of information.  Language provides us with categories that we use to construct our view of people & events in the world around us.
  • 27. 1. Psychosis 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com27  It is a mental disorder in which reality testing is not intact; behavior may violate gross social norms.  It is just opposite to neurosis in which reality testing is intact & behavior may not violate social norms.  Many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, depression etc. come under psychosis.  It include various disturbances in thinking.
  • 28. 2. Delusion 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com28  It is false, persistent, irrational belief not shared by persons of same age, race, education standard which cannot be altered by logical arguments.  Delusions are classified into:  Persecutory delusion  Delusion of reference  Delusion of influence  Delusion of guilt  Hypochondrical delusion  Nihilistic delusion  Delusion of grandeur
  • 30. DEFINATION OF REASONING 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com30  Reasoning is step-wise thinking with a purpose or goal in mind. -(Garrett - 1968)  Reasoning is combining past experience in order to solve a problem which cannot be solved by mere reproduction of earlier solutions. -(Mann - 1967)
  • 31. NATURE OF REASONING 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com31  It is a form of logical thinking  It is characterized by rigid control that keeps it in close contact with reality.  It is always directed towards the achievement of a specific goal.  Reasoning does not occur unless a question has arisen for which there is no ready answer.
  • 32. 2/6/2015www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com32 TYPES OF REASONING Inductive Reasoning (Proceed from specific facts or observation to general principles.) For example, iron expand when heated Deductive Reasoning (Proceed from general principles to specific situations) For examples, matter expands when heated; iron is a form of matter & thus expands when heated.