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drug absorption
1.
1
2.
DRUG ABSORPTIONDr. Vaneet
Aggarwal P.G. In Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology JJM Medical College Davangere 2
3.
DRUG ABSORPTION 1.Definition 2.Biological Membrane 3.Mechanisms
in Drug Transport 4.Drug Absorption through various routes 5.Factors affecting drug absorption 6.Altering drug absorption 7.Bioavailability 3
4.
BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE 4
5.
MECHANISMS IN DRUG TRANSPORT •
Transcellular transport • Paracellular transport • Vesicular transport 5
6.
TRANSCELLULAR TRANSPORT Passive transport 1.Passive Diffusion 2.Pore
Transport 3.Ion Pair Transport 4.Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport 1.Primary active transport 2.Secondary active transport a) Symport b) Antiport 6
7.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT 7
8.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT 8
9.
P-GLYCOPROTEINS 9
10.
PARACELLULAR TRANSPORT • Permeation between
tight junction of epithelial cells • Persorption 10
11.
VESICULAR TRANSPORT • Pinocytosis •
Phagocytosis 11
12.
SUMMARY 12
13.
DRUG ABSORPTION (PO) 13
14.
DRUG ABSORPTION THROUGH
VARIOUS ROUTES Route Absorption mechanism Drugs delivered sublingual Passive diffusion Antianginals like nitrites and nitrates Anti hypertensives like nifedipine Analgesics like morphine Bronchodilators fenoterol Rectal Passive diffusion Aspirin, paracetamol, theophylline. Transdermal Passive diffusion Nitroglycerine, lidocaine scopolamine, testosterone, betamethasone . Intramuscular Passive diffusion Endocytosis Pore transport Phenytion, digoxin, Several steroids and antibiotics Subcutaneous Passive diffusion Insulin, heparin. Inhalational Passive diffusion Pore transport Salbutamol ,cromolyn, becolmethasone . Intranasal Passive diffusion Pore transport Phenylpropanolamine, Antihistamine. Intraocular Passive diffusion Atropine, pilocarpine, adrenaline, Antibiotics. Vaginal Passive diffusion Steroidal drugs and contraceptive metronidazole 14
15.
FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG ABSORPTION Pharmaceutical 1.Particle
size 2.Salt Form 3.Crystal Form 4.Hydrates 5.Nature of excipients and adjuvants 6.Drug pKa 7.Lipophilicity Pharmacological 1.Age 2.Gastric emptying 3.Intestinal transit time 4.Gastrointestinal pH 5.Disease state 6.Blood flow 7.Gastrointestinal contents 8.First pass metabolism 15
16.
METHODS OF DELAYING ABSORPTION •
Appropriate dosage • Physical characteristic • Vasoconstrictor / tourniquet 16
17.
METHODS OF FACILITATING DRUG ABSORPTION •
Diffusion time • Blood flow 17
18.
BIOAVAILABILITY "the rate and
extent to which the active substance or active moiety is absorbed from a pharmaceutical form of the drug and is available at the site of action" 18
19.
AREA UNDER THE
CURVE 19
20.
PARAMETERS• Cmax • Tmax •
AUC • Onset of action • Duration of action • Intensity • MEC • MSC • MTC • Therapeutic range 20
21.
BIOAVAILABILITY • Absolute • Relative 21
22.
• Bioequivalence • Chemical
equivalence • Clinical equivalence • Therapeutic equivalence 22
23.
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