SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 8
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Grammar reference
and practice
LOUISE HASHEMI and
BARBARA THOMAS
PET
forGrammar
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521608848
© Cambridge University Press 2006
This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2006
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-601214 (without answers)
ISBN-10: 0-521-601215 (without answers)
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-601207 (with answers) and Audio CD
ISBN-10: 0-521-601207 (with answers) and Audio CD
Designed and produced by Kamae Design, Oxford.
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
iii
ContentsContents
obligation; necessity; orders and advice Writing Part 3 79
14 Modals 2
Introduction vi
Irregular verbs viii
adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives; nouns as adjectives Reading Part 2 1
1 Adjectives
Exam practice
2 Adverbs
3 Comparisons
present simple; present continuous; state verbs; have got and have Writing Part 2 19
4 Present tenses
past simple; past continuous Writing Part 3 25
5 Past tenses
6 Present perfect and past simple
7 Past perfect
plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article Listening Part 3 43
8 Nouns
using and forming; irregular adverbs; position; modifying adverbs and adjectives Reading Part 5 7
some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc. Reading Part 3 49
9 Determiners and pronouns 1
this/that etc.; all/most etc.; both/either/neither; each/every Writing Part 1 55
10 Determiners and pronouns 2
will; going to; present continuous; present simple Reading Part 1 67
12 The future
’s/of; personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it + to be Listening Part 2 61
11 Determiners and pronouns 3
general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission Listening Part 1 73
13 Modals 1
comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; comparing nouns Writing Part 1 13
present perfect and past simple; have gone and have been Writing Part 1 31
past perfect and past simple; used to Reading Part 5 37
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
iv
expressions with prepositions; verbs and adjectives + prepositions; phrasal verbs Writing Part 2 109
19 Prepositions 3
verbs + to infinitive; make and let; verbs + -ing; verbs + to infinitive or + -ing Reading Part 5 121
21 to or -ing?
yes/no; short answers; question words; agreeing with statements Listening Part 4 91
16 Questions and answers
place and movement Writing Part 3 97
17 Prepositions 1
time Reading Part 4 103
18 Prepositions 2
-ing as subject; before/after etc. + -ing; prepositions + -ing; go/come + -ing Reading Part 1 115
20 The -ing form
zero conditional; first conditonal; unless Reading Part 3 127
22 Conditionals 1
second conditonal; I wish Reading Part 4 133
23 Conditionals 2
passive forms and uses; to have something done Reading Part 2 139
24 The passive
reporting what someone said; words which change Writing Part 1 145
25 Reported speech 1
said and told; other verbs used for reporting; reporting questions; polite questions Reading Part 4 151
26 Reported speech 2
which, who and that; whose and where Reading Part 2 157
27 Relative clauses
so/such (+ that); enough and too (+ to infinitive and for) Writing Part 1 163
28 So/such; too/enough
because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to Reading Part 3 169
29 Linking words 1
but/(al)though; in spite of / despite; both … and; either ... or Reading Part 1 175
30 Linking words 2
certainty and possibility; ability Reading Part 1 85
15 Modals 3
Recording scripts 181
Grammar glossary 197
CD tracklist 198
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
v
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
The authors would like to thank their editors, Alison Sharpe, Jamie Smith and
Geraldine Mark, and all the other people who have contributed comments and
advice.
The authors and publishers are grateful to the following for permission to
reproduce copyright material. It has not always been possible to identify the
sources of all the material used and in such cases the publishers would
welcome information from the copyright owners:
Photographs: Action Plus: p. 103 All/Neil Tingle; Alamy: p. 22 Todd Bannor,
p. 28 PCL, p. 43(c) Mark Sykes, p. 43(r) Justin Kase, p. 87(c) Ian Dagnall,
p. 97(cl) Stephen Shepherd, p. 97(cl) David Hoffman Photo Library, p. 109
Robert W. Ginn, p. 125 Charles Bowman; The Bridgeman Art Gallery: p. 101
Van Gogh, Bedroom at Arles, 1888 (oil on canvas), Rijksmuseum Vincent Van
Gogh, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Getty Images: p. 5 (1) Bob Thomas,
(2) Catherine Ledner, (3) Manfred Rutz, (4) Charles Gullung, p. 10 Michael
Najjar, p. 34(l) Adrian Weinbrecht, p. 43(l) Melissa McManus, p. 46 Taxi,
p. 47 Tony Anderson, p. 87(l) John Beatty, p. 87(r) Will & Deni McIntyre,
p. 91 Greg Ceo, p. 95 Roberto Espinosa, p. 97(cr) Ghislain & Marie David de
Lossy, p. 103 (C) Southern Stock, (F) Jerry Kobalenko, p. 106 Pierre Bourrier,
p. 133(l) China Tourism Press, p. 133(r) Mark Scott, p. 142 Britt Erlanson,
p. 143 (1) Stephen Derr, (2) Paul Costello, (3) John Sann, (4) Jason Todd,
(5) giantstep inc, p. 149 Tim Mosenfelder, p. 160 David Leahy, p. 161 (2) John
Sann, (3) Leland Bobbe; Photolibrary.com p. 115(cr) Mark Jones, p. 115(br)
Ben Osborne, p. 161 (1) Botanica; Rex Features: p. 97(l) Clive Dixon, p. 103
(G) GPU; Science Photo Library p. 85(l) Ralph Eagle, p. 85(r) Astrid & Hanns-
Frieder Michler
Illustrations: Kamae Design: pp. 56b, 57, 62, 77b; Mark Duffin pp. 1, 13, 14, 51,
65, 77t, 97, 99t, 121, 175; Stephane Gamain pp. 7, 22, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 75, 79,
127, 157; Ben Hasler pp. 17, 19, 25, 31, 37, 39, 58, 63, 69, 99b, 129, 163; Jo
Taylor pp. 56t, 77m, 78, 94, 118, 130, 139, 140, 145, 146, 147, 156, 178; Ian West
pp. 33, 112, 135, 165, 169.
(top = t, bottom = b, middle = m, left = l, right = r, centre = c)
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
vi
IntroductionIntroduction
To the student
Who this book is for?
This book is for students preparing for the
Cambridge Preliminary English Test. It covers
the grammar you need for the exam. You can
use it with a general English language course
for extra grammar practice or with practice
tests as part of a revision programme. You
can use it in class or for self-study.
What is in the units?
This book contains thirty units. Each unit is
in four parts:
A Context listening This introduces the
grammar of the unit in context. It helps you
to understand the grammar more easily when
you study section B. It also gives you useful
listening practice. Play the recording and
answer the questions.
B Grammar Read through this section before
you do the exercises. For each grammar point
there are explanations with examples. At the
end of each section, there is a note to tell you
which exercises in C practise this grammar.
You can also check in this section again when
you are doing the exercises.
C Grammar exercises Write your answers to
each exercise.
D Exam practice Each unit has an exam
task. These help you practise the different
parts of the exam. The exam task is followed
by a grammar focus task. This gives you extra
practice in the grammar for that unit.
Recording scripts
There are scripts for the context listening for
each unit, and for the exam practice listening
tasks. Look at the script after you answer the
questions. It is a good idea to play the
recording again while you read the script.
Note on contractions
This book generally uses contractions, for
example I’m for I am, wasn’t for was not,
because these are always used in speech and
are common in written English. The full
forms are used in formal written English.
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
vii
To the teacher
This book offers concise yet comprehensive
coverage of the grammar students need for
PET. It can be used for self study or with a
class. It will be particularly valuable for
revision, for students re-taking the exam and
for candidates in classes where some students
are not entered for the exam. Sections A, B
and C are designed to be useful for all
students, whether entered for PET or not.
A Context Listening This section is suitable
for classroom use and many of the tasks in
this section can be done in pairs or small
groups if appropriate.
B Grammar This section is designed for
private study, but you may wish to discuss
those parts which are particularly relevant to
your students’ needs.
C Grammar Exercises This section can be
worked on in class or set as homework.
Students can be encouraged to check their
own work and discuss any difficulties they
encounter.
D Exam practice This section can be used to
familiarise students with the exam task types
while offering further practice in the
grammar for each unit.
The book contains at least one task from each
part of Paper 1 Reading and Writing, and
Paper 2 Listening.
In classes where there are both exam and
non-exam students, you may prefer to set
Section D tasks as extra work for exam
candidates only. However, they offer all
students valuable opportunities to practise
the grammar of the unit.
Each exam task is accompanied by a
grammar focus task designed to raise
students’ awareness of the grammar covered
in that unit.
Note on the exam tasks
Some tasks in this book contain a higher
proportion of the unit’s target grammar than
they would in the actual exam. This is in
order to maximise the opportunity for dealing
with those structures. They are, in all other
respects, faithful to the tasks in the exam.
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information
viiiviii
Irregular verbsIrregular verbs
Verb Past simple Past participle
be was were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn learnt learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
Verb Past simple Past participle
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt smelt
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spill spilt spilt
spoil spoilt spoilt
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice
Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas
Frontmatter
More information

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Certifications kenii
Certifications keniiCertifications kenii
Certifications keniichuponzzita
 
Changes KET and PET 2020 posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraro
Changes KET and PET 2020   posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraroChanges KET and PET 2020   posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraro
Changes KET and PET 2020 posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraroAnalia Ferraro
 
Preliminary English Test
Preliminary English TestPreliminary English Test
Preliminary English TestNadya Sankina
 
Cae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdf
Cae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdfCae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdf
Cae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdfMira Karanov
 
reading and writing test
reading and writing testreading and writing test
reading and writing testprofesorasofiak
 
Cambridge English KET/Key For School
Cambridge English KET/Key For SchoolCambridge English KET/Key For School
Cambridge English KET/Key For SchoolWilly Juanggo
 
Portugal fce cae changes
Portugal fce cae changesPortugal fce cae changes
Portugal fce cae changesandrewverbovoy
 
Cambridge english first__fce__handbook
Cambridge english first__fce__handbookCambridge english first__fce__handbook
Cambridge english first__fce__handbookDinh Thi Diep Thao
 
Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015
Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015
Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015Mira Karanov
 

La actualidad más candente (17)

PET CAMBRIDGE ESOL
PET CAMBRIDGE ESOLPET CAMBRIDGE ESOL
PET CAMBRIDGE ESOL
 
Certifications kenii
Certifications keniiCertifications kenii
Certifications kenii
 
Changes KET and PET 2020 posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraro
Changes KET and PET 2020   posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraroChanges KET and PET 2020   posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraro
Changes KET and PET 2020 posadas - 14 sept2019 - vf analia ferraro
 
Ket handbook
Ket handbookKet handbook
Ket handbook
 
Preliminary English Test
Preliminary English TestPreliminary English Test
Preliminary English Test
 
Cae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdf
Cae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdfCae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdf
Cae specifications-and-sample-papers.pdf
 
Exam format
Exam formatExam format
Exam format
 
reading and writing test
reading and writing testreading and writing test
reading and writing test
 
CAE exam
CAE examCAE exam
CAE exam
 
Fce Exam Overview
Fce Exam OverviewFce Exam Overview
Fce Exam Overview
 
Cambridge English KET/Key For School
Cambridge English KET/Key For SchoolCambridge English KET/Key For School
Cambridge English KET/Key For School
 
Portugal fce cae changes
Portugal fce cae changesPortugal fce cae changes
Portugal fce cae changes
 
Lecture1
Lecture1Lecture1
Lecture1
 
Cambridge english first__fce__handbook
Cambridge english first__fce__handbookCambridge english first__fce__handbook
Cambridge english first__fce__handbook
 
Lecture1
Lecture1Lecture1
Lecture1
 
Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015
Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015
Cambridge english-advanced-handbook-2015
 
Fce
FceFce
Fce
 

Destacado

Vocabulary for pet (with answers)
Vocabulary for pet (with answers)Vocabulary for pet (with answers)
Vocabulary for pet (with answers)Trieu Thuy
 
232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red
232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red
232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 redBaygher
 
Ket trainer with answers
Ket trainer with answersKet trainer with answers
Ket trainer with answersAdriana Sabau
 
Common mistakes at PET 1 2016
Common mistakes at PET  1 2016Common mistakes at PET  1 2016
Common mistakes at PET 1 2016Dani V
 
Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)
Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)
Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)memyself078
 
Pet test1 write1-3
Pet test1 write1-3Pet test1 write1-3
Pet test1 write1-3vallecita6
 
Top tips for fce
Top tips for fceTop tips for fce
Top tips for fceJohn Rios
 
Grammar for pet LINKING
Grammar for pet LINKINGGrammar for pet LINKING
Grammar for pet LINKINGAliceteacher
 
A guide to the differences between american english and british english
A guide to the differences between american english and british englishA guide to the differences between american english and british english
A guide to the differences between american english and british englishSalah Abdelsalam
 

Destacado (14)

Vocabulary for pet (with answers)
Vocabulary for pet (with answers)Vocabulary for pet (with answers)
Vocabulary for pet (with answers)
 
Pet Cambridge
Pet CambridgePet Cambridge
Pet Cambridge
 
209420610 pet-cambridge-exams-book-keys
209420610 pet-cambridge-exams-book-keys209420610 pet-cambridge-exams-book-keys
209420610 pet-cambridge-exams-book-keys
 
232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red
232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red
232292391 preliminary-english-test-7 red
 
Ket trainer with answers
Ket trainer with answersKet trainer with answers
Ket trainer with answers
 
Common mistakes at PET 1 2016
Common mistakes at PET  1 2016Common mistakes at PET  1 2016
Common mistakes at PET 1 2016
 
Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)
Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)
Cambrige ket-for-school-trainer1-141208141749-conversion-gate02 (1)
 
Complete pet sb
Complete pet sbComplete pet sb
Complete pet sb
 
Pet test1 write1-3
Pet test1 write1-3Pet test1 write1-3
Pet test1 write1-3
 
Top tips for fce
Top tips for fceTop tips for fce
Top tips for fce
 
El lenguaje Corporal
El lenguaje CorporalEl lenguaje Corporal
El lenguaje Corporal
 
Complete pet wb
Complete pet wbComplete pet wb
Complete pet wb
 
Grammar for pet LINKING
Grammar for pet LINKINGGrammar for pet LINKING
Grammar for pet LINKING
 
A guide to the differences between american english and british english
A guide to the differences between american english and british englishA guide to the differences between american english and british english
A guide to the differences between american english and british english
 

Similar a 9780521601214 frontmatter

English_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdf
English_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdfEnglish_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdf
English_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdfXuansonDao1
 
English Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdf
English Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdfEnglish Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdf
English Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdfRTFMDOC1Doctorant1
 
English Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdf
English Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdfEnglish Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdf
English Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdfKubaNiguse2
 
[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf
[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf
[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdfhouda nounou
 
Testing pronunciation seminar
Testing pronunciation seminarTesting pronunciation seminar
Testing pronunciation seminarIrina K
 
160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material
160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material
160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-materialCristobal Avalos Rojas
 
basic-english-grammar.pdf
basic-english-grammar.pdfbasic-english-grammar.pdf
basic-english-grammar.pdfMdShahjalalMia1
 
English grammar-understanding-basics
English grammar-understanding-basicsEnglish grammar-understanding-basics
English grammar-understanding-basicsAhmad JUtt
 
Basic english-grammar-1
Basic english-grammar-1Basic english-grammar-1
Basic english-grammar-1sara habib
 
Basic english grammar book 1
Basic english grammar book 1Basic english grammar book 1
Basic english grammar book 1Nina Nicoleta
 
1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf
1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf
1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdfVanesa Merino
 
An Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docx
An Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docxAn Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docx
An Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docxgreg1eden90113
 
Data collection and Materials Development
Data collection and Materials DevelopmentData collection and Materials Development
Data collection and Materials DevelopmentRabby Zibon
 
A Manual Of English Phonetics And Phonology
A Manual Of English Phonetics And PhonologyA Manual Of English Phonetics And Phonology
A Manual Of English Phonetics And PhonologyClaire Webber
 
A. burt - the a-z of correct english
A. burt  - the a-z of correct englishA. burt  - the a-z of correct english
A. burt - the a-z of correct englishBlu Eng
 
Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...
Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...
Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...Jennifer Kumar
 
Acevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_bo
Acevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_boAcevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_bo
Acevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_boLoredana Turcas
 
FREE You Are The Course Book - Syllabus
FREE You Are The Course Book - SyllabusFREE You Are The Course Book - Syllabus
FREE You Are The Course Book - SyllabusPurland Training
 

Similar a 9780521601214 frontmatter (20)

English_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdf
English_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdfEnglish_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdf
English_Grammar_in_Use_Intermediate_2019_5th-Ed_Supp_Ex.pdf
 
English Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdf
English Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdfEnglish Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdf
English Vocabulary in Use-Upper-intermediate!!!!!!.pdf
 
English Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdf
English Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdfEnglish Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdf
English Grammar- Understanding the Basics.pdf
 
[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf
[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf
[John_Eastwood]_Oxford_guide_to_English_grammar(BookZZ.org).pdf
 
Testing pronunciation seminar
Testing pronunciation seminarTesting pronunciation seminar
Testing pronunciation seminar
 
160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material
160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material
160151244 lambdin-hebrew-answer-key-beginning-material
 
basic-english-grammar.pdf
basic-english-grammar.pdfbasic-english-grammar.pdf
basic-english-grammar.pdf
 
Basic english-grammar-1
Basic english-grammar-1Basic english-grammar-1
Basic english-grammar-1
 
English grammar-understanding-basics
English grammar-understanding-basicsEnglish grammar-understanding-basics
English grammar-understanding-basics
 
Basic english-grammar-1
Basic english-grammar-1Basic english-grammar-1
Basic english-grammar-1
 
Basic english grammar book 1
Basic english grammar book 1Basic english grammar book 1
Basic english grammar book 1
 
1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf
1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf
1b5e6212-5cd7-4841-a86b-fa1857d76696.pdf
 
An Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docx
An Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docxAn Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docx
An Introduction toEnglish MorphologyWords and Their S.docx
 
Data collection and Materials Development
Data collection and Materials DevelopmentData collection and Materials Development
Data collection and Materials Development
 
A Manual Of English Phonetics And Phonology
A Manual Of English Phonetics And PhonologyA Manual Of English Phonetics And Phonology
A Manual Of English Phonetics And Phonology
 
A. burt - the a-z of correct english
A. burt  - the a-z of correct englishA. burt  - the a-z of correct english
A. burt - the a-z of correct english
 
1001 vocabulary,synonyms ,antonyms & spelling questions
1001 vocabulary,synonyms ,antonyms & spelling questions1001 vocabulary,synonyms ,antonyms & spelling questions
1001 vocabulary,synonyms ,antonyms & spelling questions
 
Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...
Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...
Helping Japanese Students Overcome Common Pronunciation Problems caused by ka...
 
Acevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_bo
Acevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_boAcevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_bo
Acevedo a gower_m_high_flyer_upper_intermediate_teacher_s_bo
 
FREE You Are The Course Book - Syllabus
FREE You Are The Course Book - SyllabusFREE You Are The Course Book - Syllabus
FREE You Are The Course Book - Syllabus
 

Último

Embroidery design from embroidery magazine
Embroidery design from embroidery magazineEmbroidery design from embroidery magazine
Embroidery design from embroidery magazineRivanEleraki
 
Production of Erythromycin microbiology.pptx
Production of Erythromycin microbiology.pptxProduction of Erythromycin microbiology.pptx
Production of Erythromycin microbiology.pptxb2kshani34
 
Mike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy Shirt
Mike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy ShirtMike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy Shirt
Mike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy ShirtTeeFusion
 
Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...
Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...
Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...Amil baba
 
Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024
Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024
Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024Ted Drake
 
The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024
The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024
The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024Alan Dix
 
How to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPT
How to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPTHow to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPT
How to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPTThink 360 Studio
 
WCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptx
WCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptxWCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptx
WCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptxHasan S
 
Math Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOL
Math Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOLMath Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOL
Math Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOLkenzukiri
 
High-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkill
High-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkillHigh-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkill
High-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkillCre8iveskill
 
Building+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdf
Building+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdfBuilding+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdf
Building+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdfsaidbilgen
 
Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...
Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...
Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...Ed Orozco
 
Create Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.com
Create Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.comCreate Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.com
Create Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.comjakyjhon00
 
Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...
Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...
Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...khushisharma298853
 
Cold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptx
Cold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptxCold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptx
Cold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptxSamKuruvilla5
 
UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024
UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024
UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024mikailaoh
 
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teams
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teamsDesigning for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teams
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teamsBlock Party
 
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdf
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdfLRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdf
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdfHctorFranciscoSnchez1
 
Construction Documents Checklist before Construction
Construction Documents Checklist before ConstructionConstruction Documents Checklist before Construction
Construction Documents Checklist before ConstructionResDraft
 

Último (19)

Embroidery design from embroidery magazine
Embroidery design from embroidery magazineEmbroidery design from embroidery magazine
Embroidery design from embroidery magazine
 
Production of Erythromycin microbiology.pptx
Production of Erythromycin microbiology.pptxProduction of Erythromycin microbiology.pptx
Production of Erythromycin microbiology.pptx
 
Mike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy Shirt
Mike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy ShirtMike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy Shirt
Mike Tyson Sign The Contract Big Boy Shirt
 
Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...
Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...
Best-NO1 Pakistani Amil Baba Real Amil baba In Pakistan Najoomi Baba in Pakis...
 
Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024
Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024
Introduce Trauma-Informed Design to Your Organization - CSUN ATC 2024
 
The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024
The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024
The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024
 
How to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPT
How to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPTHow to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPT
How to use Ai for UX UI Design | ChatGPT
 
WCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptx
WCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptxWCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptx
WCM Branding Agency | 210519 - Portfolio Review (F&B) -s.pptx
 
Math Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOL
Math Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOLMath Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOL
Math Group 3 Presentation OLOLOLOLILOOLLOLOL
 
High-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkill
High-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkillHigh-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkill
High-Quality Faux Embroidery Services | Cre8iveSkill
 
Building+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdf
Building+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdfBuilding+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdf
Building+your+Data+Project+on+AWS+-+Luke+Anderson.pdf
 
Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...
Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...
Design mental models for managing large-scale dbt projects. March 21, 2024 in...
 
Create Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.com
Create Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.comCreate Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.com
Create Funeral Invites Online @ feedvu.com
 
Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...
Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...
Khushi sharma undergraduate portfolio...
 
Cold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptx
Cold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptxCold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptx
Cold War Tensions Increase - 1945-1952.pptx
 
UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024
UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024
UX Conference on UX Research Trends in 2024
 
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teams
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teamsDesigning for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teams
Designing for privacy: 3 essential UX habits for product teams
 
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdf
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdfLRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdf
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications-AASHTO (2014).pdf
 
Construction Documents Checklist before Construction
Construction Documents Checklist before ConstructionConstruction Documents Checklist before Construction
Construction Documents Checklist before Construction
 

9780521601214 frontmatter

  • 1. Grammar reference and practice LOUISE HASHEMI and BARBARA THOMAS PET forGrammar © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 2. PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521608848 © Cambridge University Press 2006 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2006 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data ISBN-13: 978-0-521-601214 (without answers) ISBN-10: 0-521-601215 (without answers) ISBN-13: 978-0-521-601207 (with answers) and Audio CD ISBN-10: 0-521-601207 (with answers) and Audio CD Designed and produced by Kamae Design, Oxford. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 3. iii ContentsContents obligation; necessity; orders and advice Writing Part 3 79 14 Modals 2 Introduction vi Irregular verbs viii adjective position; adjective order; -ing/-ed adjectives; nouns as adjectives Reading Part 2 1 1 Adjectives Exam practice 2 Adverbs 3 Comparisons present simple; present continuous; state verbs; have got and have Writing Part 2 19 4 Present tenses past simple; past continuous Writing Part 3 25 5 Past tenses 6 Present perfect and past simple 7 Past perfect plurals; countable and uncountable; a/the/no article Listening Part 3 43 8 Nouns using and forming; irregular adverbs; position; modifying adverbs and adjectives Reading Part 5 7 some/any; somebody/anybody etc.; much/many etc. Reading Part 3 49 9 Determiners and pronouns 1 this/that etc.; all/most etc.; both/either/neither; each/every Writing Part 1 55 10 Determiners and pronouns 2 will; going to; present continuous; present simple Reading Part 1 67 12 The future ’s/of; personal pronouns; possessives; reflexive pronouns; there/it + to be Listening Part 2 61 11 Determiners and pronouns 3 general notes; asking someone to do something; suggestions and offers; permission Listening Part 1 73 13 Modals 1 comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; comparing nouns Writing Part 1 13 present perfect and past simple; have gone and have been Writing Part 1 31 past perfect and past simple; used to Reading Part 5 37 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 4. iv expressions with prepositions; verbs and adjectives + prepositions; phrasal verbs Writing Part 2 109 19 Prepositions 3 verbs + to infinitive; make and let; verbs + -ing; verbs + to infinitive or + -ing Reading Part 5 121 21 to or -ing? yes/no; short answers; question words; agreeing with statements Listening Part 4 91 16 Questions and answers place and movement Writing Part 3 97 17 Prepositions 1 time Reading Part 4 103 18 Prepositions 2 -ing as subject; before/after etc. + -ing; prepositions + -ing; go/come + -ing Reading Part 1 115 20 The -ing form zero conditional; first conditonal; unless Reading Part 3 127 22 Conditionals 1 second conditonal; I wish Reading Part 4 133 23 Conditionals 2 passive forms and uses; to have something done Reading Part 2 139 24 The passive reporting what someone said; words which change Writing Part 1 145 25 Reported speech 1 said and told; other verbs used for reporting; reporting questions; polite questions Reading Part 4 151 26 Reported speech 2 which, who and that; whose and where Reading Part 2 157 27 Relative clauses so/such (+ that); enough and too (+ to infinitive and for) Writing Part 1 163 28 So/such; too/enough because (of), as and since; so and therefore; to and in order to Reading Part 3 169 29 Linking words 1 but/(al)though; in spite of / despite; both … and; either ... or Reading Part 1 175 30 Linking words 2 certainty and possibility; ability Reading Part 1 85 15 Modals 3 Recording scripts 181 Grammar glossary 197 CD tracklist 198 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 5. v AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements The authors would like to thank their editors, Alison Sharpe, Jamie Smith and Geraldine Mark, and all the other people who have contributed comments and advice. The authors and publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material. It has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used and in such cases the publishers would welcome information from the copyright owners: Photographs: Action Plus: p. 103 All/Neil Tingle; Alamy: p. 22 Todd Bannor, p. 28 PCL, p. 43(c) Mark Sykes, p. 43(r) Justin Kase, p. 87(c) Ian Dagnall, p. 97(cl) Stephen Shepherd, p. 97(cl) David Hoffman Photo Library, p. 109 Robert W. Ginn, p. 125 Charles Bowman; The Bridgeman Art Gallery: p. 101 Van Gogh, Bedroom at Arles, 1888 (oil on canvas), Rijksmuseum Vincent Van Gogh, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Getty Images: p. 5 (1) Bob Thomas, (2) Catherine Ledner, (3) Manfred Rutz, (4) Charles Gullung, p. 10 Michael Najjar, p. 34(l) Adrian Weinbrecht, p. 43(l) Melissa McManus, p. 46 Taxi, p. 47 Tony Anderson, p. 87(l) John Beatty, p. 87(r) Will & Deni McIntyre, p. 91 Greg Ceo, p. 95 Roberto Espinosa, p. 97(cr) Ghislain & Marie David de Lossy, p. 103 (C) Southern Stock, (F) Jerry Kobalenko, p. 106 Pierre Bourrier, p. 133(l) China Tourism Press, p. 133(r) Mark Scott, p. 142 Britt Erlanson, p. 143 (1) Stephen Derr, (2) Paul Costello, (3) John Sann, (4) Jason Todd, (5) giantstep inc, p. 149 Tim Mosenfelder, p. 160 David Leahy, p. 161 (2) John Sann, (3) Leland Bobbe; Photolibrary.com p. 115(cr) Mark Jones, p. 115(br) Ben Osborne, p. 161 (1) Botanica; Rex Features: p. 97(l) Clive Dixon, p. 103 (G) GPU; Science Photo Library p. 85(l) Ralph Eagle, p. 85(r) Astrid & Hanns- Frieder Michler Illustrations: Kamae Design: pp. 56b, 57, 62, 77b; Mark Duffin pp. 1, 13, 14, 51, 65, 77t, 97, 99t, 121, 175; Stephane Gamain pp. 7, 22, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 75, 79, 127, 157; Ben Hasler pp. 17, 19, 25, 31, 37, 39, 58, 63, 69, 99b, 129, 163; Jo Taylor pp. 56t, 77m, 78, 94, 118, 130, 139, 140, 145, 146, 147, 156, 178; Ian West pp. 33, 112, 135, 165, 169. (top = t, bottom = b, middle = m, left = l, right = r, centre = c) © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 6. vi IntroductionIntroduction To the student Who this book is for? This book is for students preparing for the Cambridge Preliminary English Test. It covers the grammar you need for the exam. You can use it with a general English language course for extra grammar practice or with practice tests as part of a revision programme. You can use it in class or for self-study. What is in the units? This book contains thirty units. Each unit is in four parts: A Context listening This introduces the grammar of the unit in context. It helps you to understand the grammar more easily when you study section B. It also gives you useful listening practice. Play the recording and answer the questions. B Grammar Read through this section before you do the exercises. For each grammar point there are explanations with examples. At the end of each section, there is a note to tell you which exercises in C practise this grammar. You can also check in this section again when you are doing the exercises. C Grammar exercises Write your answers to each exercise. D Exam practice Each unit has an exam task. These help you practise the different parts of the exam. The exam task is followed by a grammar focus task. This gives you extra practice in the grammar for that unit. Recording scripts There are scripts for the context listening for each unit, and for the exam practice listening tasks. Look at the script after you answer the questions. It is a good idea to play the recording again while you read the script. Note on contractions This book generally uses contractions, for example I’m for I am, wasn’t for was not, because these are always used in speech and are common in written English. The full forms are used in formal written English. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 7. vii To the teacher This book offers concise yet comprehensive coverage of the grammar students need for PET. It can be used for self study or with a class. It will be particularly valuable for revision, for students re-taking the exam and for candidates in classes where some students are not entered for the exam. Sections A, B and C are designed to be useful for all students, whether entered for PET or not. A Context Listening This section is suitable for classroom use and many of the tasks in this section can be done in pairs or small groups if appropriate. B Grammar This section is designed for private study, but you may wish to discuss those parts which are particularly relevant to your students’ needs. C Grammar Exercises This section can be worked on in class or set as homework. Students can be encouraged to check their own work and discuss any difficulties they encounter. D Exam practice This section can be used to familiarise students with the exam task types while offering further practice in the grammar for each unit. The book contains at least one task from each part of Paper 1 Reading and Writing, and Paper 2 Listening. In classes where there are both exam and non-exam students, you may prefer to set Section D tasks as extra work for exam candidates only. However, they offer all students valuable opportunities to practise the grammar of the unit. Each exam task is accompanied by a grammar focus task designed to raise students’ awareness of the grammar covered in that unit. Note on the exam tasks Some tasks in this book contain a higher proportion of the unit’s target grammar than they would in the actual exam. This is in order to maximise the opportunity for dealing with those structures. They are, in all other respects, faithful to the tasks in the exam. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information
  • 8. viiiviii Irregular verbsIrregular verbs Verb Past simple Past participle be was were been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bite bit bitten bleed bled bled blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burnt burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept kneel knelt knelt know knew known lay laid laid lead led led learn learnt learnt leave left left lend lent lent Verb Past simple Past participle let let let lie lay lain light lit lit lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn shake shook shaken shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spill spilt spilt spoil spoilt spoilt stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung strike struck struck sweep swept swept swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote written © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521601215 - Cambridge Grammar for PET: Grammar Reference and Practice Louise Hashemi and Barbara Thomas Frontmatter More information