Cultivation of Medicinal Plants by Vegetative/Asexual Propagation

1. Cultivation Of Medicinal Plants by
Vegetative / Asexual propagation
PREPARED BY,
Ms. M.S. Divya Sree, M.Pharm,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy,
Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.

2. Introduction
It is the process of multiplication in which a
portion of fragment of the plant body functions
as propagate and develops into a new individual.
Also known as Asexual propagation
There are different types of vegetative
propagations.

3. Types
Natural
Artificial
Cell culture followed by Differentiation
Aseptic (or) Micro propagation (or) clonal
propagation
By fermentation

4. Natural Methods
Vegetative organs such as roots, stems, leaves,
rhizomes, tubers, bulbs etc.,
Examples
 Bulbs – Garlic, Squill
 Tubers – Jalap, Potato
 Rhizomes – Ginger, Turmeric
 Suckers – Liquorice
 Runners – Mint, chemomile

5. Artificial methods
 Specific method or process is used on any vegetative part of the
plant for propagation.
Types
1) Cutting
2) Layering
3) Division
4) Grafting
5) Budding

6. 1) Cutting
A cutting is separated portion of root, stem or
leaf.
It is very common method employed for
artificial vegetative propagation.
Ex : Sugar cane, Roses, Citrus, Duranta,
Grapes, Cocoa, Bougainvillea.

7. Types of cutting
I. Stem cutting
II. Root cutting
III. Tubers
IV. Offsets

8. I. Stem cutting
• Single node stem cutting – if internode is greater than
1.5 cm.
• Double node stem cutting – if internode is 1.5 cm.
• Multiple node stem cutting – if internode is very small.
• Soft wood cutting.
• Hard wood cutting.

9. Soft wood cutting
Ex: Berry berry

10. Ex: Rose, Apple, Almond, orange

11. II. Root cutting
Ex: Brahmi

12. III. Tubers
Ex: Yam, potato

13. IV. Offsets
Ex: Banana, Aspragus

14. 2) Layering
Method - I
Ex: Guava, Mango, Lemon, Jasmine

15. Method - II

16. Ex: Cascara,Litchi, Citrus, Pomegranate, Guava, Croton

17. 3) Division
Ex: Rhubarb, Gentian, Dalhia, Male fern

18. 4) Grafting
Types
a) Approach grafting
b) True grafting / Stem grafting
Terms
 Stock – Rooted plant
 Graft / scion – a detached living portion of a plant

19. a) Approach grafting

21. b) True grafting / Stem grafting
In this method only stems are involved for
grafting.
2 types
i. Whip grafting
ii. Crown grafting

22. i) Whip grafting
Stem with same thickness are selected for grafting
Ex: Apple, Watermelon

23. ii) Crown grafting
• Scions are inserted
into stock
Ex: Myristica fragrance,
Cinchona

24. 5) Budding
Ex: Sweet orange, ornamental plants, Rose

26. Cell culture followed by
differentiation
• It is a collection of techniques used to
maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs
under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture
medium of known composition.
• It is widely used to produce clones of a plant
in a method known as Micropropagation.

28. Micropropagation
• It is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant
material to produce a large number of progeny
plants, using modern plant tissue culture
methods.
• Can get high yield in short period of time.
• Micro quantities of Explant is enough to produce
many plants.

29. Micropropagation procedure
Selection of an explant from a ‘mother plant’ that
is healthy and vigorous.
Usually, apical buds are preferred as explants but
any other tissue can be used.
Establishment of this explant in a plant culture
medium.

30. (A medium supports growth and cell division.
Depending on the plant requirement, different
types of media are used for specific types of
plants.)
Multiplication - In this stage, the explants give
rise to a callus.
Differentiation.
Organogenesis.

37. Fermentation
Bio-fermentation technology makes it possible to
grow a number of fungi in large tanks.
In a matter of days, a large quantity can be
produced.
The technology has now become highly advanced
and is making previously rare herbs much more
accessible.

38. Many studies indicate that the chemical
nature of this biotechnology is almost
identical to that of the wild variety.
The most commercial products are produced
by this technology.

39. Advantages
• It is not as complex and requires far less energy than
sexual reproduction.
• It is a means of maintaining continuity.
• There is no need for much time or energy to produce
offspring.
• Cloned offspring are more likely to succeed in the same
stable areas as their parents.

40. Disadvantages
• Asexual reproduction does not have genetic diversity.
• The organism becomes less adapted to certain
environmental changes. The entire communities of the
genetically identical organisms might not survive such
changes.
• Asexual reproduction usually leads to struggle for
existence as well as overcrowding.

41. Thank you