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Precision framing techniques
1. PRECISION FARMING
Dr. Abdul Hakkim, V.M., FIE
Head, Department of LWRCE & Principal Investigator
Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC)
KCAET, Tavanur.
E Mail : abdulhakkim19@gmail.com
Mobile : 9446279626
2. Precision Farming
Application of technologies and principles to
manage spatial and temporal variability
associated with all aspects of horticultural
production.
Also referred to as
Hi-tech Farming
Variable rate application farming
Site specific farming
Prescription farming etc.
3. Comparison with Traditional Agriculture
Precision farming distinguishes from
traditional agriculture by its level of
management .
Instead of managing the whole field as a
single unit, management is customized for
small areas within the fields (micro
management concept).
Manages every field operation at each
location in the field, if it is technically or
economically advantageous to manage at that
level.
4. KEYASPECTS
• Take care of each and every plant in a farmers field
throughout the crop cycle
• Technology enabled, Information based and decision
focussed
5. Precision Farming
(Modern Eco friendly Technology)
Precision Farming
(Modern Eco friendly Technology)
Reduce
stress on
natural
resources
Leads to total
quality
management
6. Precision Farming- outcomes
Increased profit and sustainability
Improved product quality
Effective and efficient pest management
Energy, water and soil conservation
Surface and ground water protection
9. Scope and Potential of Micro Irrigation in
Kerala
1. Suitability to crops
Orchards (grape vine, citrus, mango, guava etc.),
coconut, vegetable crops, row crops like sugarcane,
cotton etc. and flowers ( rose, jasmine etc.)
2. Savings in water
Saves upto 70 percentage of water used in
conventional methods.
3. Additional land area available for crop
Only 5 to 6 per cent of the irrigable area lost in
surface ditches.
4. High Irrigation efficiency
Irrigation Efficiency is more than 90 %
5. No Evaporative losses
10. Characteristics of Micro Irrigation Systems
Water is applied at a low rate
Water is applied over a long period of time
Water is applied at frequent intervals
Water is applied near or into the plant root zone
Water is applied through a low pressure delivery
system (1 to 2 kg/ cm2
)
11. Micro Irrigation Systems
1. Micro sprinklers
Operating pressure - 1 to 2 kg/cm2
Discharge - 36 to 140 l/hr
2. Spray Jets
Operating pressure - 1 to 2 kg/cm2
Discharge - 32 to 47 l/hr
3. Drip
Operating pressure - 1 to 2 kg/cm2
Discharge - 2 to 8 l/hr
12. Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation is an efficient method of providing
irrigation water directly into the soil at the root
zone of plants and it permits to limit the watering
closely to the consumptive use of the plants.
Drip irrigation minimizes such conventional
losses as deep percolation, runoff and soil
evaporation.
13. Advantages of drip irrigation
• Increased beneficial use of available water.
• Enhanced plant growth and yield.
• Retarded weed growth.
• Improved application of fertilizers.
• Decreased energy requirement.
• Reduced operational labour.
• Suitable for irrigating hilly terrain and
problem soils.
16. Components of Drip Irrigation System
1. Pump with energy source or overhead storage tank
2. Filters (Primary filters and secondary filters)
a) Hydro cyclone or centrifugal filters
b) Gravel filter ( Fine gravel or coarse sand, 1-2 mm Ø)
c) Screen filter ( 100- 200 mesh) / disc filters
3. Main line
40 to 110 mm HDPE or PVC pipes.
4. Sub mains
25 to 50mm HDPE or PVC pipes.
5. Laterals
12 mm or 16mm LDPE or LLDPE is most common.
6. Emitters
Discharge rates : 1 l/hr, 2 l/hr, 4 l/hr, 8 l/hr and 16 l/hr
7. Other control and monitoring equipment
27. Fertigation
Simultaneous application of solubles (plant
nutrients) and water through an irrigation
system is called fertigation.
Efficient and precise application of inputs
and practice good environmental stewardship
Saves water, energy and nutrients.
With drip/pressurised irrigation, fertigation
is not optional, but absolutely necessary.
29. FERTILIZATION v/s FERTIGATIONFERTILIZATION v/s FERTIGATION
Conventional fertilization
Plants get a larger dosage of
fertilizer than they require at the
time it is applied. Losses occur.
Fertigation
Fertilizers are applied according
the need for nutrients, following
the uptake rate of the crop.
30. Fertigation-Advantages
Uniform application of fertilizers
Placement in root zone
Quick and convenient method
Saves fertilizer
Frequent application is possible
Possibility of application in different grades
to suit the stage of crop
Micronutrients application along with NPK
Save groundwater pollution
47. Excellent Growth of White
Roots under Mulch
Soil becomes less compact &
there is more aeration nearby the
roots
Better Weed Management Coloured mulch reduce Aphids
and White Flies attack
48. Photo selective mulch films
White / Black Mulch Films
The black color facing the soil, blocks visible light
transmission, preventing Weed germination under the
mulch. The White color facing up, reflects 65% of the PAR
radiation, pushing photosynthesis, reflecting 8% of the UV
radiation & cools the soil more than other colors
49. Low Quality & Non Guaranteed
Mulch Film can ruin your
Investments and Planning
Seal the Mulch immediately in
case of any Physical Damages, as
it might expose the top Root Zone
56. Benefits of Mulching
Moisture Conservation, Save fertilizers.
Eliminates Weed, soil’s fertility is fully devoted to crops.
Integrated Pest Management by Sunlight reflection.
Controls Soil Temperature.
Conserves natural earth gases.
Covered soil is loose & so root growth is uninterrupted & fast
thus improves plant’s Photosynthesis activity.
Protects Soil wash out in case of excess rains or floods.
Loose soil is not splashed on crops so they remain fresh for
longer.