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Cohesion In English By: Waseem Azhar Gilany
Cohesion   in   English ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Text Constituents of  Text Texture Ties Cohesion
Texture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Five Cohesive Devices To Create Texture: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ties: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Different Kinds Of Cohesive Ties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cohesion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types OF Cohesion   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cohesion and the Linguistics Structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cohesion With in the Text ,[object Object]
The Place of Cohesion in the Linguistics System Cohesion Reference Substitution Ellipses Conjunction Lexical cohesion Cross-Rank Information Unit: Information distribution, Information  focus By Rank Clause: theme Verbal Group: voice Nominal Group: deixis Adverbial Group: conjunction By Ranks Clause: Mood, modality  Verbal Group: person Nominal Group: attitude Adverbial Group: comment All Ranks: Practice and hypotactic relations (condition, addition,  report) By Rank: Clause: Transitivity Verbal Group: Tense Nominal Group: Epithesis Adverbial Group: circmstance Non-structural  Structural Logical  Experiential  Textual Interpersonal Ideational
Conclusion: ,[object Object]
(i) Reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reference can be sub-categorize as follow  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exophora ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Endophora ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Three Types Of Reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nominal Group ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Personal Reference   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Here in the above example the use of personal pronouns is a source of personal reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Table: Personal Reference  Semantic category Grammatical function Class  Person: speaker (only) addressee (s), with/without other person(s) speaker and other person other person, male other person, female  other persons, objects  object; passage of text generalized person my  yours  our his  her  their  its  one’s  mine  yours ours  his  hers  theirs  [its] I me you we us  he him  she her  they them  it  one  Determiner Noun (pronoun) Modifier Head Possessive Existential
Demonstrative Reference  ,[object Object]
Table: Demonstrative Reference Semantic category Grammatical category Class  Proximity: near  far  neutral the  here [now]  there then  this these  that those  determiner  adverb  determiner Modifier  Adjunct  Modifier  Non-selective Selective
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparative Reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
(ii)Particular   Comparison ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Table: Comparative reference Grammatical function Class General comparison: Identity general similarity difference (ie non-identity or similarity) Particular comparison: so more less equally better, more etc  [comparative adjectives and quantifiers] identically similarly likewise so such differently otherwise same identical equal similar additional  other different else Adverb  Adjectives  Submodifier /adjuncts Modifier Deictic /epithet  (see below)
2. Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nominal   Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The nominal substitute same ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. Verbal Substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Note:  The word Do other than as substitute ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clausal substitution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Substitution of Reported Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Substitution of Conditional Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Substitution of Modalized Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The End ,[object Object]

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Cohesion Types

  • 1. Cohesion In English By: Waseem Azhar Gilany
  • 2.
  • 3. Text Constituents of Text Texture Ties Cohesion
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
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  • 14. The Place of Cohesion in the Linguistics System Cohesion Reference Substitution Ellipses Conjunction Lexical cohesion Cross-Rank Information Unit: Information distribution, Information focus By Rank Clause: theme Verbal Group: voice Nominal Group: deixis Adverbial Group: conjunction By Ranks Clause: Mood, modality Verbal Group: person Nominal Group: attitude Adverbial Group: comment All Ranks: Practice and hypotactic relations (condition, addition, report) By Rank: Clause: Transitivity Verbal Group: Tense Nominal Group: Epithesis Adverbial Group: circmstance Non-structural Structural Logical Experiential Textual Interpersonal Ideational
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  • 25. Table: Personal Reference Semantic category Grammatical function Class Person: speaker (only) addressee (s), with/without other person(s) speaker and other person other person, male other person, female other persons, objects object; passage of text generalized person my yours our his her their its one’s mine yours ours his hers theirs [its] I me you we us he him she her they them it one Determiner Noun (pronoun) Modifier Head Possessive Existential
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  • 27. Table: Demonstrative Reference Semantic category Grammatical category Class Proximity: near far neutral the here [now] there then this these that those determiner adverb determiner Modifier Adjunct Modifier Non-selective Selective
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  • 31. Table: Comparative reference Grammatical function Class General comparison: Identity general similarity difference (ie non-identity or similarity) Particular comparison: so more less equally better, more etc [comparative adjectives and quantifiers] identically similarly likewise so such differently otherwise same identical equal similar additional other different else Adverb Adjectives Submodifier /adjuncts Modifier Deictic /epithet (see below)
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