India - Truth Alone Triumphs

India
(भारत, Hindustan, Bhārata)
“Truth alone triumphs”
“'Nothing in the world is so powerful as an idea whose time has come.” - Victor Hugo
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Swami Vivekananda, Indian Philosopher:
”The debt which the world owes to our motherland is immense.
Civilizations have arisen in other parts of the world. In ancient and modern times,
wonderful ideas have been carried forward from one race to another...But mark you, my
friends, it has been always with the blast of war trumpets and the march of embattled
cohorts. Each idea had to be soaked in a deluge of blood.....
Each word of power had to be followed by the groans of millions, by the wails of orphans,
by the tears of widows. This, many other nations have taught; but India for thousands
of years peacefully existed. Here activity prevailed when even Greece did not exist...
Even earlier, when history has no record, and tradition dares not peer into the gloom of that
intense past, even from until now, ideas after ideas have marched out from her, but every
word has been spoken with a blessing behind it and peace before it.  
We, of all nations of the world, have never been a conquering race, and that blessing is on
our head, and therefore we live....!"

India’s Grand Cultural Identity is “Dharmic”
• Dharma (righteousness)
to establish harmony: with natures law, truth, duty, ethics, wisdom.
• Kāma (fulfilment of desires)
to express and enjoy pleasure: art, beauty, intimacy, kindness, family and friends.
• Artha (acquisition of wealth)
to establish ones life mission: with material prosperity, abundance, success.
• Mokṣa (spiritual liberation)
to seek highest goal in life: freedom, search for ultimate reality, god.

§ 10,000 year old ancient civilisation
§ 325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects
§ 22 official languages
§ 29 states, 5 union territories
§ 3.28 million sq. kilometres - Area
§ 7,516 kilometres - Coastline
§ 1.21Bn population.
§ 15th August 1947 - Independence Day
§ 82,237 registered newspapers in 21 languages with a
combined circulation of 329 million.
§ GDP $2.5 Trillion. (GDP growth rate 7.3% - 2015)
§ Parliamentary form of Government
§ Worlds largest democracy.
§ Worlds 4th largest economy. 
§ World-class recognition in IT, bio-technology and space.
§ Largest English speaking nation in the world (350M).
§ 2nd largest standing army force, over 2.5M strong.
§ 2nd largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.

India has the largest movie industry
in the world, producing over 800
movies a year.

§ India plans to emerge as the choice for design and
manufacturing of automobile and components with
output reaching $145bn.
§ Ford Motors plans in 2015 to start production at a
new $1 billion plant in Sanand in the state of Gujarat.
§ BMW manufactures the Mini Countryman and Mini
One and BMW 1,3,5,7, X1 and X3 Series from its
Chennai plant making 15,000 units/year.
§ Mercedes plans to double its manufacturing capacity
to 20,000 units/year of M-series and S-Series models.
§ Bharat Forge has the world's largest single-location
forging facility, its clients include Honda, Toyota and
Volvo amongst others.
§ India is the 2nd largest tractor manufacturer in the
world.
§ India is the 5th largest commercial vehicle
manufacturer in the world.
§ Suzuki, which makes Maruti in India has decided to
make India its manufacturing, export and research
hub outside Japan.
§ Hyundai India is set to become the global small car
hub for the Korean giant and will produce 25k
Santros to start with.  
§ By 2010 it is set to supply half a million cars to
Hyundai Korea. HMI and Ford.
§ The UK automaker, MG Rover is marketing 100,000
Indica cars made by Tata in Europe, under its name.
§ Hero Honda with 1.7M motorcycles a year is now
the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.
§ Ford has just presented its Gold World Excellence
Award to India's Cooper Tyres.
§ Aston Martin contracted
prototyping its latest luxury sports
car, AM V8 Vantage, to an Indian-
based designer and is set to
produce the cheapest Aston Martin
ever.

India: Trade
§ India has attracted $45Bn in foreign direct
investment (FDI) during 2015, compared to the
$5Bn that flowed in during 2004-2005. 
§ India in 2015, is now the top destination for
attracting FDI funds, at $31Bn, surpassing
China.
§ Kellogg Co, world's largest cereal maker, is
making large investments in manufacturing and
plans to set up its first Research and
Development (R&D) facility in India at Taloja,
near Mumbai.
§ Gap Inc., a US based retail chain, opened its
first store in Delhi and plans to open 40 more
stores in the next 4–5 years which will be
spread across the top 10 cities in India.
§ India, in fact, accounts for 80% of all money in
international cricket and has a TV viewership
that is 10 times the size of all other ICC member
countries put together.
§ India in 2015 is the world’s 3rd largest economy
in terms of absolute gross domestic product
(GDP) size. India was previously number 10 in
2004 and number 4 in 2007.
§ Bilateral trade between Indian and USA totalled
$50Bn in 2008, compared to $14Bn in 2000.
§ China and India’s bilateral trade is expected to
exceed $100bn by 2015, surpassing the $70bn in
2011-2012 and is already the largest trading
partner to India.
§ India’s National Association of Software and
Services Companies (Nasscom) , says that
Software export revenues could reach $99 billion
a year by 2014-2015 and $300billion by 2020.
§ India and Russia signed a bilateral trade
agreement target of $20bn by 2015.

Make in India
§ in 2015, the govt. of Karnataka signed an
agreement with the Taiwan Electrical and
Electronic Manufacturers Association for the
purpose of creating a Taiwanese electronic
manufacturing cluster near the Bengaluru airport,
with an investment expectation of $500 million.
§ in 2015, Posco Korea, the multinational Korean
steel company, signed an agreement with Shree
Uttam Steel and Power to set up a steel plant in
Maharashtra.
§ in 2015, Foxconn signed a MoU with Maharashtra
state government to invest $5 billion over the next
three years for setting up a manufacturing unit
between Mumbai and Pune.
§ in 2015, Global giants such as Bombardier,
Hyundai-ROTEM, TALGO and CAF have queued
up to manufacture semi high-speed train sets in
India, which will be used for faster inter-city travel.
§ in 2015, Swedish home furnishing brand IKEA has
made a long-term plan of opening 25 stores in
India by making an investment worth crore $1.9
billion.
§ in 2015, Germany-based ThyssenKrupp group is
aiming to double its revenue from India to $1
billion in next three-four years while the group’s
elevator unit, ThyssenKrupp Elevator, plans to
invest $51 million to set up a manufacturing
plant in Pune.
§ in 2015, Google plans to invest $ 234 million for
a new campus in Hyderabad which will be
focused on three key areas — Google
Education, Google Fibre broadband and Street
view.
§ in 2015, Warburg Pincus, a US based Private
Equity firm, has planned to invest $ 133 million
in Ecom Express – an India based logistics
solutions provider.
§ in 2015, Dalian Wanda Group, one of China’s
largest real estate firms, has planned to invest
$10 billion in India in the next 10 years which
will be used to construct retail properties and
industrial townships.

India: Trade
§ Tata Motors paid $ 118 million to buy Daewoo
commercial vehicle Company of Korea.  
§ Ranbaxy, the largest Indian pharmaceutical company,
gets 70% of its $1 billion revenue from overseas
operations and 40% from USA.  
§ India is one of the world's largest diamond cutting
and polishing centres, its exports already reaching
$8.6 Billion. Expected to reach $16 Billion by 2007. 
§ About 11 out of 12 diamond stones sold anywhere
in the world, pass through India. 
§ Garment exports are expected to increase from the
current level of $6 billion to $25 billion by 2010. 
§ Ranbaxy Technologies acquired RPG Aventis
(France) in 2003 for $70m to strengthen its market
position in Europe. 
§ A study by the Confederation of Indian Study (CII)
and McKinsey highlights India's potential "to
increase manufacturing exports from $40 billion to
approximately $300 billion by 2015.” 
§ Tata Group in 2000 bought Tetley of UK for
$430M.  
§ Bilateral trade been UK and India is expected to
increase from £12bn (2008) to £30bn by 2015.
§ in 2015, Mobile phones are growing by about 8.5
million units a month.
§ India’s share of global garment exports is expected
to reach at least $50billion by 2010.
§ Wal-Mart sources $1.5 Billion worth of goods
from India - half its apparel. Wal-Mart expects
this to increase to $10 Billion in the next few years.
§ GAP sources about $600 million and Hilfiger $100
million worth of
apparel from India.

A new mall called
Hyderabad Central,
India. In 1999 there
were only 3 malls in
the entire country,
300 have been built
recently, and there
will be 700 by 2010.
I-flex office building,
Bangalore, India. Bangalore
is the IT hot spot of the
world and now employs
150,000 IT workers,
compared to 120,000 in all
of Silicon Valley.
A worker fixes the taillight of a Maruti Suzuki
Swift diesel car at a car assembly plant opened last
month south of New Delhi, India. With
companies such as Honda, Toyota, GM, Ford,
Volkswagen and many other foreign and Indian
car makers the country has set a goal of
producing 50 million cars a year by 2030
A resident of Bangalore's most
sought after address, the Palm
Meadows development in
Whitefield, poses in front of some
million dollar homes. Housing
prices in the area have gone up 5
times their original value over the
last 5 years.
BPO Office, India. The
business process outsourcing
sector in India will be worth
$64 billion (US) and employ 3
million people by 2012.
Metro Rail, New Delhi, India. The country
is replacing much of its old infrastructure
and needs $330 billion (US) to complete
projects, such as new rail systems.
A new Sun Life Insurance
Office in Mumbai, India. The
Canadian insurance giant
partnered with the Indian
company Birla to form what is
now one of the largest
insurance companies in India.

After 10 years in India, the
McDonalds food chain operates 86
restaurants all over the country and
plans to open 25 more in the next
three years, investing around $90
million (U.S.).
Supervisor Inspects CD
Quality. The World Bank
has been raising India's
competitiveness ranking
because of its ability to
absorb high levels of
technology.
High rise residential
buildings, under
construction at Gurgoan,
Haryana, India. The
country's red hot real estate
market is having problems
keeping up with the demand
for luxury accommodations.
An Indian farmer talks on his cell
phone. There are a 150 million cell
phone users in India and in March
2006 alone, more than 5 million
new cell phone subscribers signed
up for service.
Workers put together a
Honda Scooter in an
Indian factory. More
than 7.6 million
scooters, motorcycles
and mopeds were built
in India last year.
Inside Ranbaxy laboratories' facility in
New Delhi, India. The country
graduates 120,000 chemists; 7,000
science PhDs; 350,000 engineers; and a
total of 2.5Million University graduates
each year.
India is now the number one
emerging retail market in the
world. Clothing sales are
expected to double by 2010.

A technopark in the
Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala.
The campus houses 100 IT
companies which employ
almost 40,000 workers.
South Extension Market
at night, New Delhi,
India. The Indian retail
sector now worth over
$300 billion (US) is
expected to double over
the next 5 years.
BPO, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
The business process outsourcing
industry, in which Indian
companies handle call centres,
accounting, research, billing and
other back office needs of
overseas companies, grew 40% in
2004.
One of four Ranbaxy laboratories R&D
facilities in New Delhi. India's largest generic
drug company currently has global sales of $1
billion (US) and has set a goal of reaching $5
billion by 2012.
PVR Cinema,Metropolitan
Mall,Shopping Mall at
Gurgaon, India. In 2004,
paid attendance at Indian
cinemas reached the 3
billion mark.

§ Geneva-based STMicroelectronics is one of the
largest semiconductor companies to develop
integrated circuits and software in India.  
§ Texas Instruments was the first to open operations
in Bangalore, followed by Motorola, Intel,
Cadence Design Systems and several others. 
§ 80 of the World’s 117 SEI CMM Level-5
companies are based in India.
§ Siemens announced it would set up a technology
development center to conduct research in IT and
medical systems. The company already employs
3,000 in India, more than half engaged in R&D. 
§ 5 Indian companies recently received the globally
acclaimed Deming prize. This prize is given to an
organization for rigorous total quality management
(TQM) practices. 
§ India’s bio-technology industry already grossed $1
billion in 2004-2005. the Bio-tech industry is
aiming to reach $12 Billion by 2017. 
§ India now expects trade with Japan to grow to $25
billion by 2014.
§ This business fetched India $1.5 Billion in 2003,
and will reach $110 Billion by 2020.
§ New emerging industries areas include, Bio-
Informatics, Bio-Technology, Genomics, Clinical
Research and Trials.
§ World-renowned TQM expert Yasutoshi Washio
predicts that Indian manufacturing quality will
overtake that of Japan in 2013.
§ McKinsey believes India's
revenues from the IT
industry will reach $225 Billion
by 2020.
§ Flextronics, the $14 billion global major in
Electronic Manufacturing Services, has
announced that it will make India a global
competence centre for telecom software
development.
India: Technology

India Inc.: M&A
§ Tata Group recently acquired US-based
Glaceau, makes of vitamin health drink for
$677M, then the largest overseas buyout by a
private Indian company.  
§ In 2007, Tata Steel, acquired Anglo-Dutch steel
company Corus for $13Bn, quintupling its steel
making capacity.
§ Tata is expected to increase its Steel production
from 5M tonnes in 2005 to 20M Tonnes by
2013. India will be producing and consuming
150M tonnes of steel by 2020.
§ India is now (2009) the Worlds 3rd largest
producer of Steel. 
§ Tata Group in 2008, acquired luxury car brand
Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford motors for
$2.3Bn.
§ Tata has also scooped other overseas assets: an
undersea-cable business, the truck-
manufacturing operations of South Korea's
Daewoo group, a stake in one of Indonesia's
largest coal mines, and a raft of foreign hotels,
including the Ritz-Carlton in Boston.
§ In 2006, Mittal Steel clinched a $32 billion
takeover bid for Arcelor Steel, making the
conglomerate the biggest steel producer in the
world.
§ In 2007, Hindalco Industries, part of India's
Aditya Birla group, paid $3.6 billion for Canadian
aluminum company Novelis.
§ In 2007, Vijay Mallya's United Breweries snapped
up Whyte & McKay, the world's fourth-largest
distiller of Scotch whisky for $1.2Bn.
§ In 2007, Wipro acquired New Jersey software
house Infocrossing for $600 million.
§ In 2007 , Hindalco Industries, part of India's
Aditya Birla group, paid $3.6 billion for Canadian
aluminum company Novelis.
§ Between 2000-2006, Indian companies made over
300 acquisitions globally totaling over $10Bn. By
the end of 2007, another 150 acquisitions with a
total value of $21Bn had been completed.

India: Self-Reliance
§ India is among six countries that launch satellites and
do so even for Italy, Germany, Belgium, South Korea,
Singapore, Israel and other EU countries.
§ India's INSAT is among
the worlds largest
domestic satellite
communication systems. 
 
 
§ India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
(GSLV) was indigenously manufactured with most of
the components like motor cases, inter-stages,
heat shield, cryogenic engine, electronic modules all
manufactured by public and private Indian industry.
§ Kalpana Chawla was one of
the 7 astronauts in the
Columbia space shuttle when
it disintegrated over Texas
skies just 16 minutes before
its scheduled landing on
Feb 1st 2003, she was the
second Indian in space.
§ India’s Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
successfully placed an unmanned probe,
Chandrayaan-1, on the Moon (Nov 2008). The
probe on its descent placed the Indian tricolour flag
on the Moons surface. Its 2-years mission will map a
3-dimensional atlas of the Moon.  
§ ISRO proposes to undertake India’s first manned
moon mission by 2020. 
§ Chandrayaan-1, in Mar 2010 discovered ice in the
Moon's craters -- indicating as much as 600 million
metric tonnes of water ice on the Moon's north pole.

§ India’s first ever Mars mission successfully launched in Nov 2013 its first interplanetary surface probe to
Mars. The Mars probe ‘Mangalyaan’, indigenously built by ISRO costing $72M, will the 3rd nation in the
world to successfully explore Mars and is expected to arrive in Sept 2014.

§ India is among the 3 countries in the World that
have built Supercomputers on their own. The other
two countries being USA and Japan.
§ India built its own Supercomputer after the USA
denied India purchasing a Cray computer in 1987. 
India’s new ‘PARAM Padma‘ Terascale
Supercomputer (1 Tn processes/sec) is also
amongst only 4 nations in the world to have this
capability.
§ The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), plans to
send two humans into space by 2015. The manned
space-flight programme will develop and launch an
orbital vehicle to carry two-member crew to the
Earths lower orbit.
§ India and Russia are jointly planning the production of
250 Russian 5th-Generation Sukhoi T-50 fighters.
Worth around $8Bn. 
§ India in 2009, became the 6th nation in the World to
launch its own indigenously built nuclear powered
submarine. The ‘INS Arihant‘ will undergo trials over
the next few years before being deployed. 
§ India's most ambitious missile, the Agni-V Inter-
Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), will have a strike
range of 5,000-km, and is slated to be tested for the first
time in 2010.
§ India is expected to spend $80 billion between 2012
and 2022 to upgrade its military.

§ India developed jointly with Russia the worlds
fastest supersonic cruise missile, BrahMos,
which has a 290-km range and a speed of 2.8
Mach, which is 3x faster than the US made
subsonic Tomahawk cruise missile.
§ The INS Kolkata is the first destroyer class
warship in India and the first of 3 warships
indigenously being built.
§ India is planning to buy 10 C-17 Globemaster III
heavy-lift cargo aircraft.
The deal for Boeing is
worth $2.5 Bn.
§ India recently announced a 65,000-tonne aircraft
carrier named ‘INS Vishal’. The warship is
scheduled to enter the Indian Navy’s flotilla by 2025
and is presently in its design phase.
§ India’s biggest aircraft carrier, INS Vikramaditya,
284 metres in length, the “floating city” acquired
from Russia in 2004, repair and refitted to retail
under the Indian Navy in 2012.

§ India's 90 billionaires have a combined net worth of
$295Bn. 
§ The "value" of arms transfer agreements inked by India
in 2005 stood at $5.4Bn. Saudi Arabia was 2nd
with
$3.4Bn, China ranked 3rd
with $2.8Bn and Pakistan
came 6th
with $1.7Bn.
§ Back in 1968, India imported 9M tonnes of food-grains
to support its people, through a grand programme of
national self-sufficiency which started in 1971, today, it
now has a food grain surplus stock of 60M.
§ In a UNESCO report had pointed out that of the 128
countries where Jews lived before Israel was created in
1948, only one country, India, did not persecute them
and allowed them to prosper and practice Judaism in
peace. 
§ India in 2012 was the first nation to contribute funds
($50M) towards so called Aichi targets aimed at
protecting the world’s biodiversity, and curb damage to
the world’s ecosystems and the extinction of its plants
and animals.
§ India is providing aid to 11 countries, writing-off their
debt and loaning the IMF $300M. 
§ It has also prepaid $3Bn owed to the World Bank and
Asian Development Bank. 
§ India’s foreign exchange (forex) reserves are the 4th
largest in the world at $300Bn (Feb 2011). 
§ India is the 3rd largest foreign investor in the UK.
500 Indian companies are operating in the UK. 
§ Since 2002, India has contributed $1.2Bn, (the 6th
largest of all nations), to the rebuilding of
Afghanistan by providing administrative training,
medical care, educational facilities and scholarships
and a new Parliament Building in Kabul. 
§ In 2011, India has pledged $5Bn in development aid
for the next 3-years, from agriculture to information
technology, tele-medicine.

India: Pharmaceuticals
§ The Indian pharmaceutical industry at $21 billion and growing at 12% - 14% annually, is the 3rd
largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and is expected to be worth $55 billion by 2020.
§ Its exports are over $9 billion. India is among the top five bulk drug makers and at home, the local
industry has edged out the Multi-National companies whose share of 75% in the market is down to
35%.
§ India was not a signatory to the product patent of drugs. Thus allowing for a synthetic pathway of
a newly marketed drug the synthetic chemist had been able to produce high quality drugs at very
low prices. As a result, drug prices have been the lowest in India.  
§ Trade of medicinal plants has crossed $900M already. 
§ According to a recently prepared report by Ernst & Young, “India is emerging as an integral part of
the global supply chain for pharmaceuticals. Any discussion on the global pharmaceutical supply
chain can now no longer ignore India’s relevance.” 
§ There are over 400 biotechnology companies in India, involved in the development and
manufacture of genomic drugs, whose business is growing exponentially.
§ Sequencing genes and delivering genomic information for big Pharmaceutical companies is the
next boom industry in India.

Globally Competitive Indian MNC

India: Infrastructure
§ The Bandra-Worli sea link, a $400M project was designed
to reduce congestion of the Mahim causeway which is
connected the western suburbs to Central Mumbai. The sea
link reduces travel time from 60-mins. to 7-mins. 
 
§ The Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) mega-infrastructure project
is a $90bn Indo-Japanese project designed to create special economic (industrial,
agricultural, knowledge) zones spanning 6-states within India. The industrial
corridor will span 1483km and will see major expansions of road, rail, sea ports,
logistics facilities, power supply systems, integrated townships and airports. This
global manufacturing hub is expected to double employment, triple industrial
output and quadruple exports within 5-years of its completion in 2015. 
§ The Indira Gandhi Airport in Delhi 
§ The government of India has set an ambitious target of building 7,000km of highways annually for the
next 5-years at a rate of 20km a day.
§ The Indian Civil Aviation Ministry has set itself a target of getting around 500 airports operational by
2020, which would include the redevelopment of currently unused airports.

India: Foreign Multi-National Companies
§ General Electric (GE) with $80 Million invested in India employs 16,000 staff, 1,600 R&D staff
who are qualified with Ph.D’s and Master’s degrees.
§ The number of patents filed in USA by the Indian entities of some of the MNCs (upto
September, 2002) are as follows: Texas Instruments - 225, Intel - 125, Cisco Systems - 120, IBM -
120, Phillips - 102, GE - 95.
§ Dell is planning to open a new production facility in India, to add to its three call centres and two
testing and development units, takings the number of employees in India to 20,000 by 2009. In
2011 the company has committed to moving
$25Bn worth factories labour, equipment to India.
§ GE's R&D centre in Bangalore is the company's largest research outfit outside the
United States. The centre also devotes 20% of its resources on 5 to 10 year fundamental
researchin areas such as nanotechnology, hydrogen energy, photonics, and
advanced propulsion.
§ It is estimated that there are 150,000 IT professionals in Bangalore as against
120,000 in Silicon Valley. 
§ The largest segment of Indian subsidiaries of MNC account for $4.8billion in
export rev.

India: R&D Labs
R&D Centre Highlights
R&D Centre, Bangalore. Established in 1984. The centre started with just 20 people, now has 900 people working
on VLSI and embedded software, which goes along with a chip or into the chip.
India Development Centre,
Bangalore, Hyderabad.
The Bangalore centre was established in 1994; the Hyderabad one in 1999. Oracle’s
largest development centre outside the US currently has 6,000 staff. Does work on
Oracle's database products, applications, business intelligence products and application
development tools, besides other activities.
India Engineering Centre,
Bangalore.
Established in mid-1999 with 20 people, has scaled up to 1000 people today. Does work
mainly on Sun's software which includes Solaris and Sun One. This R&D centre is
expected to expand to 2000 staff.
R&D Centre,
Bangalore and Hyderabad.
Google has just opened its first R&D centre outside of the United States. It plans to hire
100 software engineers involved in primary research and development in its offices in
Bangalore and Hyderabad. Areas of research will span many fundamental areas of
computer science, including cutting edge information retrieval, distributed systems,
machine learning, data mining, theoretical computer science, statistics and UI.
Software Lab,
Bangalore, Pune.
Established in 2001. Works on all IBM software like WebSphere, DB2, Lotus, Tivoli and
Rational. The centre has added many new areas of activities such as middleware and
business intelligence. It is estimated overall IBM will have 38,000 staff in India by the end
of 2005.
Labs India,
Bangalore.
Established in November 1998 with 100 people, the Lab swill be scaled up to 3000 staff by
the middle of 2006. It is the largest single-location R&D lab for SAP outside Walldorf,
Germany. Nearly 10 percent of SAP's total R&D work is carried out from the Indian lab.
Innovation Campus,
Bangalore.
Established in 1996 with 10 people, has scaled up to 1000 by 2003, it will reach 2500 by
2007. Almost all Philips products that use software have some contribution from this
centre. It is the largest software centre for Philips outside Holland. The centre's software
expertise is primarily in the areas of embedded and information system engineering,
architecture design, programming and testing.
Bangalore. Established in 2002 with just two people, has scaled up to 20 specialists today. Plans exist
to double its headcount by the beginning of 2004. Is totally dedicated to high-level research
on futuristic technologies, with special focus on emerging markets.
Offshoring R&D (research and development) to India is currently a US$9.35 billion industry, with R&D centers owned
by multinational companies accounting for about $5.83 billion of this market

India: BPO
§ The domestic BPO sector is worth $150 billion in 2015, compared to $65 billion in 2010 and $4
billion in 2004. (McKinsey & Co., NASSCOM).
§ The outsourcing includes a wide range of services including design,
architecture, management, legal services, accounting and drug
development and the Indian BPOs are moving up in the value chain.
§ In 2012, call centres in India have a a turnover of $7 billion and a
workforce of 330,000 .
§ 100 of the Fortune 500 are now present in India compared to 33 in China.
§ Cummins of USA uses its R&D Centre in Pune to develop the sophisticated computer models
needed to design upgrades and prototypes electronically and introduce 5 or 6 new engine models a
year.
§ Business Week of 8th December 2003 has said "Quietly but with breathtaking speed, India and its millions
of world-class engineering, business and medical graduates are becoming enmeshed in America's New Economy in
ways most of us barely imagine".

India: Technology Superpower
§ Over 100 MNCs have set up R&D facilities in India in the past five years. These include GE,
Bell Labs, Du Pont, Daimler Chrysler, Eli Lilly, Intel, Monsanto, Texas Instruments, Caterpillar,
Cummins, GM, Royal Dutch Shell, Microsoft and IBM.
§ Reliance Industry is a company that now has $23 billion in revenues, $2.8 billion in cash
profit, $1.4 billion in new profit and exports of $3.6 billion.
§ India’s telecom infrastructure between Chennai, Mumbai and Singapore, provides the largest
bandwidth capacity in the world, with well over 8.5 Terabits (8.5Tbs) per second.
§ With more than 250 universities, 1,500 research institutions and 10,428 higher-education
institutes, India produces 200,000 engineering graduates and another 300,000 technically
trained graduates every year.
§ Besides, another 2 million other graduates qualify out in India annually.
§ The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) is among the top three universities from which
McKinsey & Company, the world's biggest consulting firm, hires most. 
§ India’s plan to spend $500 billion on build roads, ports and power supplies in the five years
to 2012. It is expected that this Infrastructure investment will define the next growth engine
in India like IT did in the 1990’s.

Indians abroad
A snapshot of Indians at the helm of leading Global Business institutions  
CEO of Google (Sundar Pichai)
CEO of Microsoft (Satyanarayana Nadella)
CEO and President of MasterCard (Ajay Banga)
Joint-CEO of Deutsche Bank (Anshu Jain)
Dean of Chicago Booth School of Business (Sunil Kumar)
Founding member of Google (Ram Shriram),
Director and founder of Google Adsense (Gokul Rajaram),
Chief Executive of McKinsey & Co. (Rajat Gupta)
The Co-founder of Sun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla),
Creator of Pentium Chip (Vinod Dahm),
Founder and creator of Hotmail (Sabeer Bhatia),
President of United Airlines (Rono Dutta)
GM of Hewlett Packard (Rajiv Gupta)
President and CEO of US Airways (Rakesh Gangwal)
Former CEO of Citigroup (Vikram Pandit),
Chief Executives of Standard Chartered Bank (Rana Talwar)
CTO of Cisco Systems (Padmasree Warrior)
Former Chief Executive Officer of Vodafone (Arun Sarin)
Dean of Harvard Business School (Nitin Nohria)
Chief Financial Officer of eBay (Rajiv Dutta)
President of AT & T-Bell Labs (Arun Netravali)
Chief Financial Officer of BBC Corporation (Zarin Patel)
Founder of Bose Audio (Amar Bose)
President and CEO of Pepsi Cola, (Indra Nooyi)
Chief Executive Officer of HSBC (Aman Mehta)
Director and member of Executive Board of Goldman Sachs (Girish Reddy)
Former Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (Raghuram Rajan)
CEO of Mittal Steel Corporation (Lakshmi Mittal)
Head of R&D at Yahoo! (Prabhakar Raghavan)

Indians in the USA.
§ Of the 2.8M Indians living in the USA, 1/5th of them live in the Silicon Valley.
§ Over 50% of Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians.
§ Indian students are the second largest in number among foreign students in USA.
Statistics that show:
38% of doctors in the USA,
12% of scientists in the USA,
36% of NASA scientists,
34% of Microsoft employees,
28% of IBM employees,
17% of INTEL scientists,
13% of XEROX employees,
… are Indians.
1. India 44% 
2. China 9% 
3. Britain 5% 
4. Philippines 3% 
5. Canada 3% 
6. Taiwan 2% 
7. Japan 2% 
8. Germany 2% 
9. Pakistan 2% 
10. France 2%
US H1-B Visa
applicants country
of origin

“IIT = Harvard + MIT + Princeton”
“IIT = Harvard + MIT + Princeton” , says CBS ‘60 Minutes’.
CBS' highly-regarded ‘60 Minutes’, the most widely watched news programme in the US, told its audience of
more than 10 Million viewers that “IIT may be the most important university you've never heard of." 
"The United States imports oil from Saudi Arabia, cars from Japan, TVs from Korea and Whiskey from
Scotland. So what do we import from India? We import people, really smart people," co-host Leslie Stahl
began while introducing the segment on IIT. 
 
“…the smartest, the most successful, most influential Indians who've migrated to the US seem to share a
common credential: They are graduates of the IIT.”
“…in science and technology, IIT undergraduates leave their American
counterparts in the dust.“
“Think about that for a minute: A kid from India using an Ivy League university
as a safety school. That's how smart these guys are.”
There are “cases where students who couldn't get into computer science at IIT, they
have gotten scholarships at MIT, at Princeton, at Caltech.”

Pop Culture Influence: Music
The Beatles - Sergeant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band
Yukteswar Giri
Mahavatar Babaji
Paramahansa Yogananda
Sri Lahiri Mahasaya

Star Wars
Pop Culture Influence: Movies
Yoda
(Yoga)
Mace Windu
(Hindu)
The Force
(brahman)
Padmé Amidala
(Lotus - ॐ मिण पद्मे हूं,)

Pop Culture Influence: India
Dhyāna
(Meditation)
Yoga Mantra
Vegetarianism
Ahimsa
(Non-Harm)
Karma
Satcitānanda
(Consciousness) Chakra Avatar
Guru
Saṃsāra
(Reincarnation)
Dharma
(Essential Nature)
Ayurveda Namasté Spirituality Swastika

Fashion and Miss World
Year Position Miss World
2008 Runner up Parvathy Omanakuttan Nair
2006 Semi-finalist Natasha Suri
2005 Semi-finalist Sindhura Gadde
2003 3rd runner up Ami Vashi
2002 Semi-finalist Shruti Sharma
2001 Non Semi-finalist Sara Corner
2000 Winner Priyanka Chopra
1999 Winner Yukta Mookhey
1998 Non Semi-finalist Annie Thomas
1997 Winner Diana Hayden
1996 3rd runner up Rani Joan Jeyraj
1995 Non Semi-finalist Preeti Mankotia
1994 Winner Aishwariya Rai
1993 Non Semi-finalist Karminder Kaur
1992 Non Semi-finalist Celine Shyla
1991 Semi-finalist Ritu Singh
1990 Non Semi-finalist Naveeda Mehdi
1966 Winner Reita Faria

Science of Yoga
“…The science of yoga was born in an age when mankind as a whole was more
enlightened, and could easily grasp truths for which our most advanced thinkers are still
grasping.”
The science of yoga meditation had been taught by the ancient, sages, gurus,
yogis, through oral tradition for thousands of years, they were finally put to
Sanskrit by Patanjali in 500 B.C.E.
“…It is because the groping for these truths has begun again that great yogis have
reintroduced this ancient science to humanity at large.”
Pre-eminent among them, even today, are the sages of the Himalayas.
Today, the word yoga is much used and much misunderstood these days,
reduced from its knowledge on the control of the conscious to that of the
control of the body.

Science and Art
The upper right hand is a drum whose
sound is the sound of universe creation
(big-bang).
The lower right hand makes the gesture
of preservation "fear not."
The lower left hand he points to his
raised left foot, the place of refuge and
salvation for the devotee.
The cosmic dance of Shiva (Nataraja) – “Lord of the Dance” symbolises the unified and dynamic composition of
the cosmic cycles of creation and destruction of the Universe.
The upper left hand is a tongue of flame,
a reminder of the destruction of the
universe.
The right foot is planted on the back of
the demon personifying ignorance,
indifference, laziness over whom Shiva
triumphs.
"Modern physics has revealed that every
subatomic particle not only performs an
energy dance, but also is an energy
dance; a pulsating process of creation
and destruction. The entire Universe is
then engaged in movement and endless
activity, in an uninterrupted cosmic
dance of energy.”
“For the modern physicists, then Shiva’s
dance is the dance of subatomic matter, it
is a continual dance of creation and
destruction involving the whole cosmos; the
basis of all existence and of all natural
phenomenon.”
An unusual landmark was unveiled at CERN in 2004, the European Centre for Research in Particle Physics in Geneva -
At the home of the large Hadron Collider Particle accelerator - a 2m tall statue of the Hindu deity ‘Nataraja’.

Science of Classical Music
Indian Classical music is principally based on melody and rhythm, not on harmony or counterpoint.
Its origin is in Vedic Hymns of the Hindu Temple, so the roots are religious.
The tradition is an oral one, it is taught directly by the Guru. The heart of Indian music is the Raga: the melodic form upon
which the musician improvises. The traditional performance begins with the Alap.
After this slow beginning the musician moves onto Jor, where rhythm enters.
There is no drum in either of these sections.
Then the Gat is evolved, which is the fixed composition of the Raga. Drums enter, and this section becomes the vehicle for the
musician to return to after improvising - which he can do within the format of the Raga and Tala, its time cycle.
The music becomes more playful and exciting with the development of the dialogue between the tabla and the main instrument.
The classical music of the India-Pakistan-Bangladesh subcontinent (in short Indian classical music) is one of the few ancient art
forms still widely practised today.
In recent years it has been much appreciated all over the world.
There are many different styles but the two major ones are the Hindustani from the north and the Karnatic style from the south.
Indian instruments are very delicate, affected by humidity and spotlights among other things and they need to be tuned and re-
tuned before and also during the performance.
This forms part of the concert and first-timers to an Indian Classical Concert are often amazed by this.

Rabindranath Tagore,
Poet and writer of India’s national anthem and Nobel Prize
for Literature in 1913,
(1861 - 1941):
"Oneness amongst men, the advancement of unity in diversity – this has been the
core religion of India.“

Swami Vivekananda,
(1863 - 1902):
“Sisters and Brothers…,
I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and
universal acceptance.
We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true.
I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees
of all religions and all nations of the earth.
I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of
the Israelites, who came to Southern India and took refuge with us in the very year
in which their holy temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny.
I am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is still fostering the
remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation.
Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descendant, fanaticism, have long possessed
this beautiful earth. They have filled the earth with violence, drenched it often and
often with human blood, destroyed civilization and sent whole nations to despair.
Had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more
advanced than it is now.

Sri Aurobindo,
(1872 - 1950):
“…Like the majority of educated Indians, I have passively accepted
without examination, the conclusion of European scholarship.”
“…That we turn always the few distinct truths and the symbols or the
particular discipline of a religion into a hard and fast dogmas, is a sign that
as yet we are only infants in the spiritual knowledge and are yet far from the
science of the Infinite.”
"...The mind is not the highest possible power of consciousness; for mind is
not in possession of Truth, but only its ignorant seeker.”

Yogi Ashwini
Dhyan Foundation
(b - 1961):
“Yoga is practical subject, it has a speciﬁc road map unique to each individual
and there are milestones which indicate how far you have completed this
journey. Direction to the next milestone can only be shown by your Guru.
Therefore Guru is given utmost signiﬁcance in Yoga”
Without your Guru you won’t be able to evolve.
Why? Because every single person is tied by his karmas.
So whichever holy place you may go to or whomever you may worship, it will
be of no use. You will keep on going round and round lifetime after lifetime.
In order to rise you have to open your karmic bandhan, which only a Guru
can open.”

Mahatma Gandhi
(1869 - 1948):
Gandhi was once asked what he thought about Western Civilization.
His response was: "I think it would be a good idea.”
"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its
animals are treated.“
“Woman, I hold, is the personification of self-sacrifice, but unfortunately today she
does not realize what tremendous advantage she has over man.”
“Indians, will stagger humanity without shedding a drop of blood.”
“An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.”

Guru Tegh Bahadur
(1621 - 1675):
The Kashmiri Brahmins, were being persecuted by the Mughal emperor
Aurangzeb, and seeked the council of Guru Tegh Bahadur.
The Guru Tegh Bahadur upon hearing of the Brahmins predicament,
responded:
“Unless a holy man lays down his head for the sake of the poor Brahmins, there is no
hope for their escape from imperial tyranny.”. His young son reminded him
“Revered father, who would be better equipped for this than yourself?”
During his subsequent imprisonment by Aurangzeb, Guru Tegh Bahadur
spoke out:
“Hinduism may not be my faith, …but I would fight for the right of all Hindus to live
with honour and practice their faith according to their own rites…. “
“All men are created by God and therefore must be free to worship in any manner they
like. I neither convert others by force, nor submit to force, to change my faith.”
The enraged Aurangzeb, upon realising Guru Tegh Bahadur would not
convert to Islam, ordered his public beheading by the sword.
His body was left in the dust as no one dared to pick up the body for fear of
the emperors reprisal.

Sir C.V. Raman, (1888 – 1970)
1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics for work on scattering of light and Raman effect.
Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose, (1858 – 1937)
USA based IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion amongst
academics that the pioneer of wireless-radio communication was Professor
Jagdish Chandra Bose and not Guglielmo Marconi.
Satyendranath Bose, (1894 - 1974)
Indian Physicist, who solved one of the mysteries of quantum mechanics,
showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. His
collaborations with Albert Einstein led to a new branch on statistical mechanics
know commonly known as the “Einstein-Bose” statistics.

Dr M.S. Swaminathan, (b - 1925)
Dr. Swaminathan helped India overcome the largest food deficit in the world and
create a self-sustaining nation, earning him a reputation as father of India’s “Green
Revolution”. He devoted himself to research in genetics and breeding to discover
genetically superior strains of wheat, rice and coarse grains.
Dr Varghese Kurien, (b - 1921)
Dr Kurien helped India in achieving a milk surplus. earning him the reputation as the
father of India’s “White Revolution”. Kurien helped modernise Anand model of
cooperative dairy development, and made India the largest milk producer in the
world.
Har Gobind Khorana, (b - 1922 ):
1968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine for work on interpretation of the genetic
code . Currently residing as professor at MIT.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, (1887 – 1920):
A Brahmin from a poor family, became recognized as one of the Worlds
greatest mathematicians, when interest from academics at Trinity College,
Cambridge led him to collaborate there and postulate and prove well over 3,542
theorems. He was elected a fellow of Trinity College and became one of the
youngest fellows of the Royal Society, he died at the young age of 33.
Amartya Sen, (b - 1933):
1998 - The Nobel Prize for Economics for his redefining work on ethical
welfare economics. Currently residing as Lamont University Professor Emeritus
at Harvard, after stepping down from the prestigious post of Master of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, (1910 - 1995):
1983 Nobel Laureate in Physics. His many contributions to Physics at the
University of Chicago, on the structure and evolution of stars including
rotational figures of equilibrium, stellar interiors, black holes, radiative transfer,
hydromagnetic stability, stellar dynamics.

Prithvi Raj Chauhan, (1149 - 1192):
A king of the Hindu Rajput Chauhamana dynasty, who ruled a kingdom in
northern India during the 12th century. He controlled much of present-day
Rajasthan and Haryana, and unified the Rajputs against Muslim invasions. After
his defeat, India became open to invasion by Muslim invaders, and Delhi came
under the control of the Muslim rulers.
Maharana Singh Pratap, (1540 - 1597):
Maharana Pratap ruler of the state of Mewar, Southern Rajasthan, never accepted
the Mughal Akbar as ruler of India, and fought Akbar all his life. Pratap maintained
that he had no intention to fight with Akbar but he could not bow down to Akbar
and accept him as the ruler. Persia and England, Baghdad and Arabia felt honoured
in sending costly embassies to the court of Akbar, but Pratap was content with
sending his word of defiance.
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, (1627 - 1680):
Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha Empire in western
India. He is considered to be one of the greatest warriors of his time and even
today, stories of his exploits are narrated as a part of the folklore. King Shivaji
used the guerrilla tactics to capture a part of, the then, dominant Mughal empire.

Tipu Sultan, (1750 - 1799):
Tipu also known as the “Tiger of Mysore” was the ruler of the kingdom of Mysore.
The only State which offered stiff resistance to Colonial expansion, which fought not
one but four wars. Tipu participated in all four Mysore wars, two of which he inflicted
serious blows on the English.
Mangal Pandey, (1827 - 1857):
Mangal Pandey, a member of the 34th Regiment of the Bengal native infantry of the
East India Company, led him to attack his senior British officers in an incident,
which is today remembered as the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 or The First War of
Independence. The reason behind his burst of anger was that the cartridges for the
Enfield rifle to be used by the Indian sepoys were greased with cow and pig fat.
Bhagat Singh, (1907 - 1931):
Considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian
independence movement. Bhagat Singh, because of his interest in studying and his
keen sense of history gave revolutionary movement a goal beyond the elimination
of the British. A clarity of vision and determination of purpose distinguished
Bhagat Singh from other leaders of the National Movement.

India was the richest country on Earth until the time
of the British in the early 17th Century
The total amount of wealth the British plundered from India had reached £1 Billion by 1812.
(over $1 Trillion in real-terms)
Robert Clive’s personal wealth amassed from the plunder of Bengal during 1750’s was
estimated at around £401,102
24.4%%
22.4%%
24.4%%
16.0%%
12.1%%
7.5%%
4.2%%
3.1%%
5.4%%
1.1%%
1.8%%
2.9%%
5.2%%
9.0%%
8.2%%
6.5%%
4.2%%
3.2%%
1500% 1600% 1700% 1820% 1870% 1913% 1950% 1973% 2001%
India% Great%Britain%
%Global Wealth (OECD)

India
India was a unified country around 3300 B.C.E. by Emperor Bharata
- whom India is named after.
India’s history shows an uninterrupted historical timeline recording the development of her
civilization through the Royal Dynasty of Kings and lineage of priests that go back 325
generations.
India’s 3rd forgotten Epic - This ancient story called the Dasharajnya or ‘Vedic War
of 10 Kings’ is the more ancient and forgotten epic that precedes the famous literary classics
like the Ramayana and the Mahabarata.
It is the only society in the world which has never known slavery.
India never invaded any country in her last 10,000 years of history.

Indus & Saraswati Civilisations
(Mesopotamia, Harappa, Mohenho-Daro, Mehrgarh)
Vedic Civilization
King Bharata
Dasharajnya Era
Ramayana Era
Mahabarata Era
Sankyha Yoga philosophy Era
Mauryan Period (Ashoka)
Pandya – Chola Empires
Rise of Jainism and Buddhism
Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences
Vijayanagara Empire
Muslim Invasions
The Mughal Empire
Portuguese Invasion
The British East-India Company
The British Empire
India's Freedom Struggle
Independence
Modern India 2020 Vision
A Brief History of Time

• India invented the Number System.
Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
The place value system, the decimal
system was developed in India in
100 BC.
• Aryabhatta was the first to explain spherical shape,
size ,diameter, rotation and correct speed of Earth in
499 AD.
• The World's first university was established in
Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from
places as far as Babylonia, Greece, Syria, Arabia, and
China studied subjects such as science, mathematics,
medicine, politics, warfare, astrology, astronomy,
music, religion, and philosophy.
• The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century
A.D. was one of the greatest achievements of ancient
India in the field of education and housed over 9
million book. At its peak in the 7th AD, Nalanda
held some 10,000 students and teachers when it was
visited by the Chinese scholar Xuanzang. The
subjects taught at Nalanda University covered every
field of learning, and it attracted pupils and scholars
from Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia
and Turkey. 
• Trigonometry was known to Indian mathematicians
and astronomers before their European counterparts.
It was used in India from the Gupta period (3rd
century AD) onwards, and the Surya- Siddhanta
(4th century AD) gives a table of sines.
• Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine
known to humans. Charaka, the father of
medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
• Christopher Columbus was attracted to India's
wealth and was looking for route to India when
he discovered the American continent by mistake.
• The subject of mathematics in Arabic came to be
known as Hindsa which means 'from India’.
• The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh
6000 years ago. The word ‘Navigation’ is derived
from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word
navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'.
• In Siddhanta Siromani
(Bhuvanakosam 6)
Bhaskaracharya II described
about gravity of earth about 400
years before Sir Isaac Newton.
He also had some clear notions on
differential calculus, and the
Theory of Continued Fraction.
• Fibonnaci numbers first appeared under the name
maatraamer by the Sanskrit grammarian Pingala in
the Chandas Shastra in 450BC or 200 BC

Languages of India
Hindi
Sanskrit
Tamil
Gujarati
Urdu
Punjabi
Malayalam
Bengali
Marathi
Konkani
Kannada
Assamese
Telugu
Oriya
Rajasthani
Kashmiri

Vedic Philosophy
The Vedas are the oldest written text on our planet today. They date back to the beginning of
Indian civilization and are the earliest literary records of the human mind.
They have been passed through oral tradition for over 10,000 years, and
first appeared in written form between 2,500 - 5,000 years ago.
Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit.

The Ancient Vedic Hymns 
1. Rig Veda - Knowledge of Hymns, 10,859 verses
“There is only one truth, only men describe it in different ways.“
2. Yajur Veda - Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 verses
3. Sama Veda - Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549 verses
Ayur Veda - Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000 verses
Upanishads
Jyotisha – Astrology and Astronomy.
Kalpa – Rituals and Legal matters.
Siksha – Phonetics.
Aitareya – Creation of the Universe, Man and Evolution.
Chandogya – Reincarnation, Soul.
Kaushitaki – Karma.
Kena – Austerity, Work, and Restraint.
Dharnur Veda – Science of Archery and War.
Mundaka – Discipline, Faith and warning of Ignorance.
Sulba Sutra – Knowledge of Mathematics
Yoga Sutra - Knowledge of Meditation
Kama Sutra - Knowledge of Love and Sex

Sanskrit ( ) 
Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than Hebrew and Latin.
It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the world. It became the language of all cultured people in
India and in the countries that were influenced by India.
Sanskrit literally means refined or perfected.
Sanskrit word English word Sanskrit meaning
matar
pitar
bhratar
svasar
gyaamti
trikonamiti
dvaar
ma
naman
smi
eka
mother
papa / father
brother
sister
geometry
trigonometry
door
me
name
smile
equal
'measuring the earth’
'measuring triangular forms‘
‘first person pronoun’
‘the same’
NASA discovered that Sanskrit is the only unambiguous spoken language on the planet. It is
regarded the most precise, and therefore suitable language for computer software - a report in
Forbes magazine, July 1987.

§ Madhavacharya discovered Taylor series of Sine
and Cosine function about 250 years before Taylor.
§ Madhavacharya discovered Newton Power series.
§ Madhavacharya discovered
Gregory Leibnitz series for
the Inverse Tangent about
280 years before Gregory.
§ Madhavacharya discovered
Leibnitz power series for pi
about 300 years before Leibnitz.
§ Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the
earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the
astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the
sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days
§ Infinity was well known for ancient Indians.
Bhaskaracharya II in Beejaganitha(stanza-20) has
given clear explanation with examples for infinity.
§ Brahmagupta, 630 AD, gave a figure of 36,000 km
for the earth's circumference, not far from the
actual value.  
§ Indian atomic theory greatly predates Democritus
(430 BC). Kashyapa (aka Kanada), in his
Vaisheshika Sutra, formulated an advanced theory
of atomic structure in the 6th century BC. He also
stated the principle of volume displacement long
before Archimedes.
§ Theory of Continued Fraction was discovered by
Bhaskaracharya II.
§ Indians discovered Arithmetic and Geometric
progression, which is explained in Yajurveda.
§ Govindaswamin discovered Newton Gauss
Interpolation about 1800 years before Newton.
§ Vateswaracharya discovered Newton Gauss Backward
Interpolation formula about 1000 years before Newton.
§ Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuiler’s formula about
400 years before Lhuiler.
§ Nilakanta discovered Newton’s Infinite Geometric
Progression convergent series.
§ Positive and Negative numbers and their calculations
were explained first by Brahmagupta in his book
Brahmasputa Siddhanta. 
§ Aryabhatta propounded the Heliocentric theory of
gravitation, thus predating Copernicus by almost one
thousand years. In poetic form, Aryabhata stated that
the earth's diurnal rotation on its axis produced the daily
rising and setting of planets and stars.  
§ Pakudha Kayayana (580 BC), taught atomic theory by
propounding the theory that undifferentiated potential
matter (tanmatra) forms the universal energy of the
cosmos by forming atoms.

The Surya Siddhanta
A textbook on astronomy of ancient India,
last compiled in 1000 BC, believed to be handed down from 3000 BC by aid of complex
mnemonic recital methods still known today.
Showed the Earth's diameter to be 7,840 miles,
compared to modern measurements of 7,926.7 miles.
Showed the distance between the Earth and the Moon as 253,000 miles,
Compared to modern measurements of 252,710 miles.

India
§ The value of "pi" was first calculated by
Boudhayana, and he explained the
concept of what is known as the
Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this
in the 6th century long before the
European mathematicians. This was
‘validated’ by British scholars in 1999.
§ Algebra, trigonometry and calculus
came from India. Quadratic equations
were propounded by Sridharacharya in
the 11th century.
§ The largest numbers the Greeks and the
Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus
used numbers as big as 1053 with specific
names as early
as 5000 BC
during the
Vedic period.
Even today,
the largest
used number
is Tera: 1012.
§ Maharshi Sushruta is the father of
surgery. 2600 years ago he and health
scientists of his time conducted
complicated surgeries like caesareans,
cataract, artificial limbs, fractures, urinary
stones and even plastic surgery.
§ Usage of anaesthesia was well known in
ancient India. Over 125 surgical
equipments were used.
§ Detailed knowledge of anatomy,
physiology, aetiology, embryology,
digestion, metabolism, genetics and
immunity is also found in many texts.
§ When many cultures were only nomadic
forest dwellers over 5000 years ago,
Indians established Harappan culture in
the Sindhu Valley Civilization.

India
Brahmagupta, 630 A.D., said, the following about Gravity,
“Bodies fall towards the earth as it is in the nature of the earth to attract bodies, just as it is
in the nature of water to flow".
A century before Brahmagupta, Varahamihira claimed that
“objects remain on the earth's surface due to an internal
attractive force and that a similar force keeps celestial bodies in
their positions.” -- In fact, the ancient Sanskrit has a word for
gravity -- Gurutvakarshan.

India
Sulvasutras of Baudhayana , 600 B.C.E.,
said the following 200 years before Pythagoras
"The diagonal of an oblong produces by itself both the areas which the two sides of the
oblong produce separately."

India
Aryabhata, 500 AD,
the father of Indian mathematics and astronomy,
computed “pi” to 3.1416,
a value not equalled in Europe until Purbach (1423-61).
“pi” is computed to 11 digits in the Karanapaddhati work (15th century) as
3.1415926535, a value not equaled in Europe until much later.

§ The world famous and
priceless “Kohinoor”
diamond, which is set in the
Crown of the British
monarch (Queen Victoria,
and Elizabeth II), was
acquired from India.
§ According to the Gemological Institute of
America, up until 1896, India was the only
source for diamonds to the world.
§ Archaeologists generally believe Chess arose
India, where the oldest indisputable appearance
in 750 AD. The word was known as chaturanga
which became transformed into chatrang by the
Persians and as shatranj by the Arabic and finally
to chess.
§ The game of snakes & ladders was created by
the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was
originally called 'Mokshapat.' The ladders in the
game represented virtues and the snakes
indicated vices.
India
§ RigVedas (1.50), a hymn addressed to the
Sun, refers quite clearly that the Sun
traverses 2,202 yojanas in half a nimesha.
This is in fact refers to the speed of light.
§ The World's first
Granite Temple is the
Brihadeeswara
temple at Tanjavur
in Tamil Nadu. The
shikhara is made from
a single '80-tonne'
piece of granite.
§ 1 million B.C.E. - The oldest stone tool in
the world, going back to 2.2 million years
old, has been found at Rabat, about fifteen
miles away from Rawalpindi, thus breaking
the African record. The largest hand Axe
has also been found in the Soan Valley.

Kalarippayat -Origin of Martial arts – 200 BC
Kerala, South India, guardians of the origins of modern martial-arts, influenced by Yoga and
connected to the ancient Indian sciences of war (dhanur-veda) and medicine (ayur-veda).
Exponents and practitioners of this art were the warrior clans of Kerala and Tamil Nadu the Nairs
and Maravars/vellalar/mudaliar these advocates of kalaripayattu defended South India from foreign
invaders.
The origin of Kung-Fu began with a monk named Bodhidharma (also known as Ta Mo) who
travelled from India to China around 500 A.D to establish the Shaolin Temples .

Manipuri
Bharata Natyam
Odissi
Mohini Attam
Kuchipudi Kathakali
Kathak
7 Classical Dance forms

India's ancient achievements in Medical Science
Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference
Artificial Limb RigVed (1-116-15) 20th Century
Number of Chromosomes (23) Mahabharat (5500 BCE) 1890 A.D.
Combination of Male and Female Shrimad Bhagwat 20th Century
Analysis of Ears RigVed Labyrinth
Beginning of the Foetal Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE) Robinson, 1972
Parthenogenesis Mahabharat 20th Century
Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only)
Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only)
Mahabharat Not possible yet
Not possible yet
Elongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel Shrimad Bhagwat Not yet
Cell Division (in 3 layers) Shrimad Bhagwat 20th Century
Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19th Century
Micro-organisms Mahabharat 18th Century
A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the
disease in minute quantity
S-Bhagwat (1-5-33) Haneman, 18th Century
Developing Embyro in Vitro Mahabharat 20th Century
Life in trees and plants Mahabharat Bose, 19th Century
16 Functions of the Brain Eitereya Upanishad 19th – 20th Century
Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad Yogsootra Cunavidhi 20th Century
Chromosomes (Mahabharat)(5500 BCE) 1860 – 1910 A.D.
(Ref: Dr.P.V. Vartak, Pune, India)

India's ancient achievements in Physical Science
Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference
Velocity of Light RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D) 19th Century
Trans-Saturnean Planets Mahabharat (5500 B.C.E.) 17-19th Century
Space Travel to another solar system Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.E.) Under trials
Gravitational Force Prashnopanishad (6000 B.C.E.) Shankaracharya (500 B.C.E.) 17th Century
Ultraviolet Band Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U) ----
Infra-Red Band Sulohita (M.U) ----
Tachyons faster than light Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan, 1968
Nuclear Energy Spullingini (Mundakopanishad) 20th Century
Black Holes Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad) 20th Century
Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 B.C.E.) 19th Century
Monsoon at Summer Solstice RigVed (23720 B.C.E) ----
Entry in South America by Airplanes Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C.E) ----
Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco, Peru,
S.America
Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C.E.) 1960 A.D.
Airplanes RigVed,Ramayana, Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----
Robot Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ----
Atom (Divisible) & (Indivisible) Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.E.) 1800 A.D.
(Ref: Dr.P.V. Vartak, Pune, India)

The Ancient Indian Historical Epics
Ramayana Mahabharata
Post Vedic Civil War of
India, Longest Epic in
world literature with
100,000 two-line stanzas,
composed about 1,400
B.C.E.
(3,400 years ago).
The first Indian epic
consisting of 24,000 verses
divided into 7 books,
composed about 4,100 B.C.E.
(Rama’s exile took place
5089BC - 7,104 years ago).
Dasharajnya
The lost Indian epic, Vedic
war of Ten Kings, preserved
in the Rg Vedas, Bharata
King Sudas fought a war on
values, not race, 2,900 B.C.E
(4,900 years ago).

Similarities to Greek mythology
Hercules (Herakles) fighting the
Lernaean Hydra
Krishna (Harekrsna) fighting the
Kaliya Serpent

Similarities to Greek mythology
Dionysus
(Dionysos)
holding a Trident
Shiva, holding the Trident,
resting on a leopard skin with a
Cobra perched beside him, his
abode is Mount Kailas,
Himalayas
Dionysus (Dionysos)
encircled with a
snake, with leopard
by his side, with the
moon in the
background, his
abode is Mount
Olympus

Similarities to the Bible
"In the Beginning was the Word, and
the Word was with God, and the
Word was God.
The same was in the Beginning with
God.
All things were made by Him; and
without Him was not any thing made
that was made."
Gospel of St. John, New
Testament,
Chapter 1, Verse 1-3.
In the beginning was Brahman [God]
(Prajaapatir vai idam aaseet)
With whom was the Vaak [Word]
(Tasya vaak dvitiyaa aaseet)
And the word itself was the Brahman [God]
(Vag vai paramam Brahma)
Rig Veda,

On Relativity and Vedanta
Swami Vivekananda (1900) 
“If I am looking at the universe with my senses, I interpret it as matter and
force.
It is one and many at the same time. The manifold does not destroy the
unity. The millions of waves do not destroy the unity of the ocean. It
remains the same ocean.
When you look at the universe, remember that we can reduce it to matter or
to force. If we increase the velocity, the mass decreases. On the other hand,
we can increase the mass and decrease the velocity...
We may almost come to a point where all the mass will entirely disappear.
Matter cannot be said to cause force nor can force be the cause of matter.
Both are so related that one may disappear in the other.
There must be a third factor and that third something is the mind. You
cannot produce the universe from matter, neither from force. Mind is
something which is neither force not matter, yet begetting force and matter all
the time.
In the long run, mind is begetting all force, and that is what is meant by the
universal mind, the sum total of minds.”
– Swami Vivekananda, San Francisco, March 28, 1900
Albert Einstein (1905) 
 
“The laws by which the states of physical systems alter are
independent of the alternative, to which of two systems of
coordinates, in uniform motion of parallel translation relatively
to each other, these alterations of state are referred (principle of
relativity).  
If a body gives off the energy L in the form of radiation, its
mass diminishes by L/c2 .
The fact that the energy withdrawn from the body becomes
energy of radiation evidently makes no difference, so that we are
led to the more general conclusion that:
The mass of a body is a measure of its energy-content; if the
energy changes by L, the mass changes in the same sense by L/
9 ×1020 , the energy being measured in ergs, and the mass in
grammes. “
E=MC2.
- Albert Einstein, “Does the inertia of a body
depend upon its energy-content?”, Sept 27, 1905

Similarities of Rama in pre-Flood history
Rama was the sun-god
of the Hindus.
The pre-eminent
religion of Egypt
was sun-worship
with Ra as their sun-
god.
Rana a god of the Toltecs.
Ra-mu was the sun-god of Mu.
Raymi was the great festival of
the sun in Peru.
Rayam, a god of Yemen.

Abraham descendent from Brahma?
Rama
Ram
Ab–Raam/Raham
Ab
Semitic meaning -
“Father”
Brahma
Abraham
Sanskrit meaning –
“Creator”
Sanskrit meaning –
“to grow in number” Brah Known as – “Father of all
men and Gods”
Known as “Exhalted
Father
Semitic meaning - “Of
the exhalted”
Abram Sarai
Known as
- wife of Abram
Sarah
IsaacIshmael
Sarai-Svati
Hagar
Saraswati
Known as – Goddess of
Knowledge, Music and Arts
Sarasvati RiverKnown as – Holy river of the
Vedic Indus Valley.
Known as
- wife of Brahma
Ghaggar
Tributary of
Saraswati river
Ishaku - Sanskrit meaning - "Friend
of Shiva."
Ish-Mahal – Sanskrit meaning - “Great
Shiva."
“A-Brahm” /
“Ah-Brahm”

Similarities to Biblical mythology
The ancient Hindu Aryan Indians (Indus Saraswati) spoke about a series of Ten Pitris (Fathers)
who ruled before the global Flood.
Ancient Babylonian legend speaks of a pre-Flood series of Ten kings.
The ancient Egyptians described Ten Shining Ones who ruled consecutively before the Deluge.
The last of these Ten kings was the hero who led seven others aboard a vessel in which they
survived the global Flood.
In ancient India, that hero’s name was Manu who survived the global-Flood "pralaya" with the
Seven Rishis.
In ancient Babylon, that hero's name was Zisudra who spear-headed the survival on the Ark of
seven other humans, the Seven Apkallu.
In ancient Egypt, that Flood hero was Toth who survived the Deluge along with the Seven Sages.

Did the people of India travel as far as Easter Island?
The Easter Islands located in the Pacific Ocean, were
situated far away from any civilization.
The craftsmanship of these islands corresponds to the
one of the ancient Incas.
The sign script of the Easter Islands almost equals the
ancient scripts of Indus Valley.
Easter Island
symbols
Indus Saraswati
symbols
Were the Ancient Vedic civilisation of Indus Saraswati valley Trans-Oceanic seafarers?

J. Robert Oppenheimer,
American nuclear physicist
(1904-1967):
"If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst into the sky, that would be like
the splendor of the Mighty One. . . . Now I am become death, the destroyer of
worlds.“
Oppenheimer "the father of the atomic bomb" quoting from the
Hindu scripture Bhagavad-Gita upon witnessing the mushroom
cloud resulting from the detonation of the world’s first atomic bomb
in New Mexico, U.S.A., on July 16, 1945.
“Access to the Vedas is the greatest privilege this century may claim over all
previous centuries. “

Victor Cousin,
French Philosopher
(1792-1867):
"When we read the poetical and philosophical monuments of the East –
above all, those of India,
which are beginning to spread in Europe –
we discover there many a truth,
and truths so profound,
and which make such a contrast with the meanness of the results at which European
genius has sometimes stopped,
that we are constrained to bend the knee before the philosophy of the East,
and to see in this cradle of the human race the native land of the highest philosophy.“

Dr. Arnold Joseph Toynbee,
British Historian
(1889-1975):
"It is already becoming clear that a chapter which had a Western beginning
will have to have an Indian ending,
if it is not to end in the self-destruction of the human race.
 
At this supremely dangerous moment in human history,
the only way of salvation for mankind
is the Indian way."

Albert Einstein
(1879 -1955):
“When I read the Bhagavad-Gita and reflect about how God created this
universe everything else seems so superfluous.”
"We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no
worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.“

Will Durant,
American historian,
(1885-1981):
"India was the motherland of our race,
and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages;
she was the mother of our philosophy;
mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics;
mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity; mother,
through the village community, of self-government and democracy.
Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all".
“Perhaps in return for conquest, arrogance and spoilation,
India will teach us
the tolerance and gentleness of the mature mind,
the quiet content of the unacquisitive soul,
the calm of the understanding spirit,
and a unifying, a pacifying love for all living things.”
"Europe and America are the spoiled child and grandchild of Asia and have
never quite realized the wealth of their pre-classical inheritance."

Sir William Jones,
Jurist,
(1746-1794):
“…The Sanskrit language is of wonderful structure, more perfect than the
Greek, more copious than the Latin and more exquisitely refined than
either.
“... a stronger affinity than could possibly have been produced by accident;
so strong, indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without
first believing them to have sprung from some common source... ”

T.S. Eliot
Jurist,
(1888-1965):
“A good half of the effort of understanding what the Indian philosophers
were after — and their subtleties make most of the great European
philosophers look like schoolboys….
And I came to the conclusion … that my only hope of really penetrating to
the heart of that mystery would lie in forgetting how to think and feel as
an American or a European: which, for practical as well as sentimental
reasons, I did not wish to do.”

Hu Shih,
former Ambassador of China to USA
(1891-1962):
"India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to
send a single soldier across her border.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson,
American Philosopher
(1803-1882):
"I owed a magnificent day to the Bhagavad-Gita. It was the first of books;
it was as if an empire spoke to us, nothing small or unworthy, but large, serene,
consistent, the voice of an old intelligence which in another age and climate had
pondered and thus disposed of the same questions which exercise us.“
“The Indian teaching, through its clouds of legends, has yet a simple and grand
religion, like a queenly countenance seen through a rich veil.
It teaches to speak truth, love others, and to dispose trifles.
The East is grand - and makes Europe appear the land of trifles. ...all is soul and
the soul is Vishnu ...cheerful and noble is the genius of this cosmogony”
“When India was explored and the wonderful riches
of Indian theological literature found,
that dispelled once and for all,
the dream about Christianity being the sole revelation.
- Nature makes a Brahmin of me presently.”

Arthur Schopenhauer,
German Philosopher
(1788-1860):
“The Upanishads are the production of the highest human wisdom and I consider
them almost superhuman in conception.”
"In the whole world there is no study so beneficial and so elevating as that of the
Upanishads. It has been the solace of my life – it will be the solace of my death."
“It is the most rewarding and the most elevating book which can be possible in the
world.“
“I believe that the influence of the Sanskrit literature will penetrate not less deeply
than did the revival of Greek literature in the fifteenth century.”

Henry David Thoreau,
American Philosopher
(1817-1862):
“…In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmological philosophy
of the Bhagavad-Gita in comparison with which our modern world and its literature
seem puny and trivial." 
“…Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly
and unknown light illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no
touch of the sectarianism.  
It is of ages, climes, and nationalities and is the royal road for the attainment of the
Great Knowledge. When I am at it, I feel that I am under the spangled heavens of a
summer night.“

Mark Twain,
American Author
(1835-1920):
“This is India!
The land of dreams and romance,
of fabulous wealth and fabulous poverty,
of splendor and rags, of palaces and hovels, of famine and pestilence,
of genii and giants and Aladdin lamps,
of tigers and elephants, the cobra and the jungle,
the country of a hundred nations and a hundred tongues,
of a thousand religions and two million gods,
cradle of the human race,
birthplace of human speech,
mother of history,
grandmother of legend, great-grandmother of tradition,
whose yesterdays bear date with the mouldering antiquities of the rest of the nations
– the one sole country under the sun that is endowed with an imperishable interest for alien persons,
for lettered and ignorant, wise and fool, rich and poor,
bond and free, the one land that all men desire to see,
and having seen once, by even a glimpse,
would not give that glimpse for all the shows of all the rest of the globe combined.
Even now, after a lapse of a year, the delirium of those days in Bombay has not left me and I hope it never will.”

Steve Jobs
American Entrepreneur
(1955-2011):
“Mohandas Gandhi is my choice for the Person of the Century because he
showed us the way out of the destructive side of our human nature.
Gandhi demonstrated that we can force change and justice through moral acts
of aggression instead of physical acts of aggression. Never has our species
needed this wisdom more."
“There is no-one that embodies what I want to become other than Gandhi, he
changed the world.”

Professor Max Muller,
(1823-1900):
"India, what can it teach us?,  
"If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all
the wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow, in some parts a very paradise on earth,
I should point to India.
If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most developed some of it choicest gifts,
has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life and has found solutions of some of
them which will deserve the attention even of those who have studied Plato and Kant,
I should point to India.
And if I were to ask myself from what literature we, here in Europe, who have been
nurtured most exclusively on the thoughts of the Greeks and Romans and of the Semitic
race and the Jewish may draw that corrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner
life more comprehensive, more universal, in fact a more truly human life, again,
I should point to India".  
“.. the Vedas are the oldest books in existence ... and it carries us back to times of which we
have no records anywhere."

The Encyclopedia Britannica says:
"Man must have an original cradle land whence the peopling of
the earth was brought about by migration.
As to man’s cradle land, there have been many theories but the
weight of evidence is in favour of Indo-Malaysia.”
"If there is a country on earth which can justly claim the honour of having been the cradle of the
Human race or at least the scene of primitive civilization, the successive developments of which carried
into all parts of the ancient world and even beyond, the blessings of knowledge which is the second life of
man, that country is assuredly India.“

George Harrison,
Beatles
(1943 - 2001):
"For every human there is a quest to find the answer to why I am here,
who am I, where did I come from, where am I going. For me that became
the most important thing in my life. Everything else is secondary."
"Here everybody is vibrating on a material level, which is nowhere. Over
there [India], they have this great feeling of something else that's just
spiritual going on. “

Lord Curzon
British Viceroy of India,
(1859-1925):
"India has left a deeper mark upon the history, the philosophy, and the religion
of mankind, than any other terrestrial unit in the universe."
"While we hold onto India, we are a first rate power. If we lose India, we will
decline to a third rate power. This is the value of India."

Carl G Yung,
Swiss Psychiatrist
(1894-1963):
“No system of thought today or body control is more widely known today than Yoga.
When a religious method recommends itself as scientific, it can be certain of its
public [interest] in the West. Yoga fulfils this expectation. “

Dalai Lama,
(b-1935):
“Hindus and Buddhists, we are two sons of the same mother."

Rudyard Kipling
(1865-1936):
“Now it is not good for the Christian's health to hustle the Hindu brown. For
the Christian riles and the Hindu smiles and weareth the Christian down ;  
And the end of the fight is a tombstone while with the name of the late deceased
and the epitaph drear , 
‘A fool lies here who tried to hustle the east’ ".

Apollonius Tyaneus
Greek Thinker and Traveller,
1st Century AD
"In India
I found a race of mortals living upon the Earth, but not adhering to it.
Inhabiting cities, but not being fixed to them,
possessing everything but possessed by nothing."

John Archibald Wheeler
Theoretical Physicist, who coined “Black Hole”
(b-1911):
“I like to think that someone will trace how the deepest thinking of India made its
way to Greece and from there to the philosophy of our times.”

Joseph Campbell
American Scholar on Mythology
(1904-1987):
"It is ironic that our great western civilisation, which has opened to 
the minds of all mankind the infinite wonders of a universe of untold 
billions of galaxies should be saddled with the tightest little cosmological 
image known to mankind?
The Hindus with their grandiose Kalpas and their 
ideas of the divine power which is beyond all human. Not so alien to the imagery of
modern science that it could not have been put to acceptable use."

Werner Heisenberg
German Physicist, University of Chicago Nobel Laureate,
founder of Quantum Physics,
(1901-1976):
“After the conversations about Indian philosophy, some of the ideas of Quantum
Physics that had seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense.”

Deepak Chopra, MD.,
Author and International speaker on holistic medicine
(b-1947):
"I find that Vedanta, of all great traditions, does have a framework that I can come
to terms with as a person who thinks that science is the most legitimate way of
understanding the secrets of nature."
" I regard Vedanta as a source which inspired Hinduism."

Adam Smith,
Father of economics, and author of “Wealth of Nations”:
(1723-1790)
"The difference between the genius of the British constitution which protects and
governs North America, and that of the mercantile company [British East India
Company] which oppresses and domineers in the East Indies[India], cannot
perhaps be better illustrated than by the different state of those countries."

Erwin Schrödinger,
Father of Quantum Physics:
(1887-1961)
“Vedanta teaches that consciousness is singular, all happenings are played out in
one universal consciousness and there is no multiplicity of selves.”
“The stages of human development are to strive for
Possession [Dharma],
Knowledge [Ardha],
Ability [Kama],
Being [Moksha].”
“Nirvana is a state of pure blissful knowledge……It has nothing to do with
individual. The ego or its separation is an illusion. The goal of man is to preserve
his Karma and to develop it further…….when man dies his Karma lives and
creates for itself another carrier"

H.G. Wells,
Sociologist, and Historian and Author of “Time Machine”
and “War of the Worlds”
(1866-1946):
"The history of India for many centuries had been happier, less fierce, and more
dreamlike than any other history. In these favourable conditions, they built a
character - meditative and peaceful and a nation of philosophers such as could
nowhere have existed except in India."

Jean-Sylvain Bailly,
French Astronomer,
(1736-1793):
“The motion of the stars calculated by the Hindus before some 4500 years vary not
even a single minute from the tables of Cassine and Meyer (used in the 19th
century).
…The Hindu systems of astronomy are by far the oldest and that from which the
Egyptians, Greek, Romans and - even the Jews derived from the Hindus their
knowledge.”

George Bernard Shaw,
Irish dramatist, literary critic, socialist spokesman
(1856-1950):
“The Indian way of life provides the vision of the natural, real way of life. We veil
ourselves with unnatural masks.
On the face of India are the tender expressions which carry the mark of the
Creator's hand.”

Rajiv Malhotra
Speaker, Philanthropist, Public Speaker
“The reduction of dharma to concepts such as religion and law has harmful
consequences: it places the study of dharma in Western frameworks, moving it away
from the authority of its own exemplars.
Moreover, it creates the false impression that dharma is similar to Christian
ecclesiastical law-making and the related struggles for state power.
The result of equating dharma with religion in India has been disastrous: in the
name of secularism, dharma has been subjected to the same limits as Christianity in
Europe.
A non-religious society may still be ethical without belief in God, but an a-dharmic
society loses its ethical compass and falls into corruption and decadence.”

Dr David Frawley,
American Teacher, Doctor, Author, Speaker, Historian
“India possesses a great indigenous civilisation dating back to 7000 BC, such as
recent archaeological discoveries at Mehrgarh clearly reveal. It had the most extensive
urban culture in the world in the third millennium BCE with the many cities of the
Indus and Sarasvati rivers.  
When the Sarasvati river of Vedic fame dried up in the second millennium BCE,
the culture shifted east to the more certain rivers of the Gangetic plain, which became
the dominant region of the subcontinent.
Gone is the old idea of the Aryan invasion and an outside basis for Indian culture.
In its place is the continuity of a civilisation and its literature going back to the
earliest period of history.
Unfortunately, over the first fifty years since Independence, India has not discovered its
real roots. Its intellectuals have mimicked Western trends in thought. They have
forgotten their own profound modern sages like Swami Vivekananda and Sri
Aurobindo who projected modern and futuristic views of the Indian tradition.
While Westerners come to India seeking spiritual knowledge, Indian intellectuals
look to the West with an adulation that is often blind, if not obsequious.”

Annie Wood Besant,
British Theosophical Society,
(1847-1933):
“After a study of some forty years and more of the great religions of the world,
I find none so perfect, none so scientific, none so philosophical and none so spiritual than the
great religion known by the name of Hinduism.
Make no mistake, without Hinduism, India has no future.
Hinduism is the soil in to which India's roots are stuck and torn out of that she will
inevitably wither as a tree torn out from its place.
And if Hindus do not maintain Hinduism
- who shall save it?
If India's own children do not cling to her faith
- who shall guard it?
- India alone can save India and India and Hinduism are one.”

Mount Kailas, Himalayas
“abode of bliss” – in Sanskrit

Tirupati
Sacred shrine of Lord Sri Venkateswara or the Lord of Seven hills,
this temple is located on a hill at
Tirumala. Tirupati has overtaken the
Vatican, not just as the richest temple
in the world but also the most visited
place of worship.  
Golconda Fort
An extraordinary monument of Hyderabad, built in the 13th century
by the Kakatiya kings. The present structure of the Golconda Fort
was renovated by Qutub Shahi kings into a massive fort.
Lepakshi Temple
The famous Veerabhadra temple is a notable
example of the Vijayanagar architectural style. It
is famous for its sculptures, which were created by
the artisans of Vijayanagara empire. A huge
Nandi bull made out of a single granite stone is
one of the attractions in Lepakshi.
Andra Pradesh
Hussain Sagar Lake, Lumbini Park
A lake in Hyderabad, India
built by Hazrat Hussain Shah
Wali in 1562, during the rule
of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah.
There is a large monolithic
statue of the Gautam Buddha
in the middle of the lake.

Dakshineswar Temple
The famous Dakshineswar Kali temple is
located on the eastern banks of the
Hoogly river. It became the workplace
for Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, the
famous 20th century saint of India.
West Bengal
Victoria Memorial
Built by British Viceroy Lord Curzon
in the memory of Queen Victoria.
Built in the Italian Renaissance
style with elements of Mughal
architecture incorporated in it.
Built by the Mala rulers in the
7th –18th century, unlike the
temples and monuments built
out of marble and stones
brought from far-off places,
the basic construction
material for the Bishnupur
temples was the local red
soil.
Bishnupur Terracota Temples
Sunderbans
Situated at the mouth of the Ganges and is spread across
areas of West Bengal. Known for the Royal Bengal
Tigerand numerous fauna including species of birds,
spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes. It is estimated that
there are 500 Bengal tigers and about 30,000 spotted deer
in the area. The forest spreads over 10,000 sq.km. It is
intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mud
flats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests.

Caves of Badami
Carved on top of a hill, about 500 km from Bangalore. There are
four major caves. They are temples dedicated to different
religions. All the four caves are carved out of Deccan sandstone.
They were built by the Chalukya Empire around 6th century.
Hampi
Hampi is the site of the once magnificent capital of the
Vijayangar Empire, is a UNESCO world heritage site. The
ruins of Hampi lies scattered in about 26 sq. km area,
amidst giant boulders and vegetation. The first historical
settlement in Hampi date back to 1 BC.
Pattadakal
Pattadakalal is renowned for the group of the 700AD-800AD
monuments. These are listed in the UNESCO’s list of World
Heritage Sites. Located on the banks of the river Malaprabha,
Pattadakal is the capital of the Chalukya rulers.
Karnataka
Mysore Palace
Situated in the city of
Mysore, it was the official
residence of the former
Royal family. Every
Autumn, the palace is the
venue for the famous
Mysore Dasara festival.
Jog Falls
Jog Falls, formed by the
Sharavathi River falling from a
height of 253 meters (829 ft) it
is the highest plunge waterfall
in India. Located in Shimoga
District of Karnataka state,
these segmented falls are a
major tourist attraction.

Golden Temple
Golden Temple, informally referred to as The
Golden Temple or Temple of God. It is
culturally the most significant place of worship
of the Sikhs and one of the oldest Sikh
gurdwaras. Located in the city of Amritsar. Its
architecture represents a unique harmony
between the Muslims and the Hindu
architecture.
Punjab
Qila Mubarak
A historical national monument of India, forms the
heart of the city of Bathinda, in Punjab . It has been in
existence for approximately 1900 years in its current
form. Some sources have the structure in its original,
primitive form dating back to the Harrapa period.
Jallianwala Bagh
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(Amritsar Massacre), in the
northern Indian city of Amritsar
where, on April 13th 1919, 90
British Indian Army soldiers under
the command of Brigadier-General
Reginald Dyer opened fire on an
unarmed gathering of men, women
and children. Official British Raj
sources placed the fatalities at 379,
and with 1100 wounded.
Wagah Border
Often called the ‘Berlin’ Wall of Asia it is the
only road order crossing between India and
Pakistan, and lies on the Grand Trunk Road
between the cities of Amritsar and Lahore.
Each evening, there is a retreat ceremony
called 'lowering of the flags'. At that time
there is very energetic and thrilling posturing
done by Border Security Force (B.S.F), India
and Pakistan Rangers soldiers.

Himachal Pradesh
Vice Regal Lodge
The Viceregal Lodge of Shimla is a heritage building that is situated on the
Observatory Hill of Shimla. This building originally used to be the dwelling
hub of the then Viceroy of India Lord Dufferin. It
was the center of important decision making
earlier like the historic Shimla conference of
1945 as well as the 1947 decision of partitioning
India into Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Tabo Monastery
"Ajanta of the Himalayas", is popularly known, was founded in 996A.D.
Located at an altitude of 3050 m, it offers
magnificent views of the valley below. The
monastery temples houses a priceless
collection of manuscripts and Buddhist
scroll paintings, exquisite statues in
stuccos, frescos and murals depicting tales
from the Mahayana Buddhist Pantheon.
Masroor Temple
The famous 15 monolithic rocks
cut temples in the indo-aryan
style, richly carved. The main
Shrine contains three stone
images of Lord Ram, his brother
Lakshman and wife Sita. Located
about 40 kms from Dharamshala.
Kangra Fort
The Kangra Fort is located 20
kilometers from the town of
Dharamsala on the outskirts
of the town of Kangra. The
fort dates back to 1009 AD.
It is the largest fort in the
Himalayas and probably the
oldest dated fort in India.

Vivekananda Memorial
The Vivekananda rock temple, located in the midst
of the ocean, just 400 meters from Kanyakumari, is
dedicated to one of the greatest spiritual
philosophers of India, Swami Vivekananda. It is
said that Swami Vivekananda meditated here before setting out on one of the
most crucial religious campaigns in India and to the West in 1892.
Rameshwaram
Rameshwaram is one of the most sacred pilgrimage
destinations in India. It is located on an island
separated from mainland India by the Pamban
channel and is less than 40 kilometers from the
Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka.  
Mahabalipuram
Local lore had long mentioned the existence of seven
magnificent temples in the area, years ago, however six of
them were submerged in the sea, the 7th temple, a
UNESCO World heritage site, still stands on the shore.
Tamil Nadu
Madurai
Meenakshi Amman Temple' is a historic Hindu
temple located in the holy city of Madurai. It is
dedicated to Lord Shiva and his consort,
Goddess Parvati. The temple forms the heart
and lifeline of the 2500 year old city of Madurai.

Red Fort
The Red Fort (Lal Quila) and the city of Shahjahanabad
was constructed by the Emperor Shah Jahan in 1639 A.D,
and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Every year on
Independence Day the Prime Minister of India hoists the
national flag and addresses the nation, from the ramparts of Red fort.
Lotus Temple
The Bahá'í House of Worship in Delhi, India, popularly known
as the Lotus Temple due to its flowerlike shape, is a Bahá'í House of
Worship and also a prominent attraction in Delhi. Though it
serves as the mother temple of the Bahá'í religion, it is built
by the Bahá'í’s for all to unite, regardless of religion or any other distinction.
India Gate
The India Gate is one of the largest war memorials in India.
Situated in the heart of New Delhi, it is a prominent
landmark in Delhi and commemorates the members of the
erstwhile British Indian Army who lost their lives fighting
for the Indian Empire in World War I and the Afghan Wars. 
Haryana (Delhi)
Jama Masjid
The Mosque was built by Shah
Jahan in 1648 and dedicated to
his favorite daughter, Jahanara
Begum.
Qutub Minar
The Qutab Minar, a tower in Delhi, India, is the world's
tallest brick minaret. Construction commenced in
1193 under the orders of India's first Muslim ruler
Qutb-ud-din Aibak. The Qutub Minar is notable for
being one of the earliest and most prominent
examples of Indo-Islamic architecture.

- Kushinagar
- Garhwal Himalaya (Nanda Devi peak)
- Varanasi (Ghats)
- Varanasi (Sarnath)
- Corbett National Park
- Agra Fort
- Taj Mahal
- Rani Mahal
- Valley of Flowers
Uttar Pradesh
DRAFT

City Palace
City Palace Udaipur is a palace situated in Udaipur. , India.
Built by Maharana Udai Singh, it is one of the main
tourist attractions of the city. Standing on the east
bank of Lake Pichola is a massive series of palaces
built at different times from 1559.
Ranthambore National Park
Ranthambore National Park is one of the largest
and famous national parks in India. It is situated in
Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan,
about 130 km from Jaipur. It is is most famous for its large
tiger population.
Hawa Mahal
The Hawa Mahal palace, Jaipur, was built in 1799 by
Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh, and designed in the
form of the crown of Krishna, the Hindu god. It forms
part of the City Palace and extends the women's
chambers of the harem.
Rajasthan
Jaisalmer Fort
Standing almost 30 m above the
city of Jaisalmer is the Jaisalmer
fort. The fort is also known as the
Sonar Quila. This is because
standing against the backdrop of
the desert with its golden sand.
Mehrangarh Fort
Mehrangarh Fort, located in Jodhpur city is one of the
largest forts in India. The fort is situated on a lofty
height, 400 ft
above the city,
and is enclosed
by imposing
thick walls.
The fort is
amongst the
popular tourist
places in India.

Western Thar Desert, Rajasthan

Konark (Sun Temple)
Situated at a distance from the
famous religious and tourist centre
of Puri (35 Km.) and the capital city
of Bhubaneswar (65 Km). The Sun
Temple of Konark, in worship of
Surya the Sun god, marks the highest
point of achievement of Kalinga
architecture depicting the grace, the
joy and the rhythm of life all in its
wondrous variety. It was built by
King Raja Narasimhadeva-I of the
Eastern Ganga Dynasty in the 13th Century.
Orissa
Bhubaneswar
Located in Bhubaneswar,
the Lingaraja Shiva
temples are located in a
spacious courtyard. The
Lingaraja temple is
about 1000 years old.
The origin of the rock cut caves of
Udaygiri and Khandagiri dates back
to the 2nd century B.C.E. The caves
are located atop the twin hills known
as Udayagiri and Khandagiri which
rise abruptly from the coastal plain,
about 6km West of Bhubaneswar.
The main attraction of these caves
consists of its stupendous carvings.
Of all the caves in Udaygiri, the
largest one is the Rani Gumpha.
Olive Ridley Sea Turtles
Found in the Indian Ocean along the Bay
of Bengal. This sea turtle is especially
known for its mass nesting when several
thousand turtles migrate to the breeding
ground to mate and nest simultaneously.
Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves

Bihar & Jharkhand
Nalanda University,
located about 55 miles
south east of Patna was
one of the first
universities in the world,
founded in 500 CE, and
reported to have been
visited by the Buddha
during his lifetime.
Located in Bodhgaya in Gaya District of
Bihar. Constructed of brick, the temple is
surrounded on all four sides by stone
railings, about two metres high. Is the
place where Buddha attained
enlightenment. Buddhist Emperor Asoka
visited Bodh Gaya with the intention of
establishing a monastery and shrine.
BodhGaya (Mahabodhi Temple)
Maluti
Located near Shikaripara in Dumka District of Jharkhand.
Built in Shikara style, which contains two rooms with a
verandah. It is made of burnt bricks and lime mortars and
items such as terracotta plates
are used to decorate them.
Most of the temples belong to
the late medieval age.
Majority of these temples are
dedicated to Lord Shiva, & the
rest to gods and goddesses
such as Vishnu and Durga.
Nalanda University

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