Nanotechnology in nutraceuticals and cosmetics, Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade, KLE University College of Pharmacy, Belgavi/Belgaum, Karnataka, India.

1. Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D
Department of Pharmaceutics
KLE University College of Pharmacy
BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India
14/12/2011 1Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

2. Nanotechnology
 Nanotechnology breakthrough research in
Neutraceutical and Cosmetic Industry.
 Nanotechnology, a field of science and
technology that aims to control matter at the
atomic and molecular level.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 2

3. Neutraceuticals
 Neutraceutical, a term combining the words
"nutrition" and "pharmaceutical", is a food or
food product that provides health and medical
benefits, including the prevention and treatment
of disease.
314/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

4. Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals
 Nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals are related in
that both are types of compound that demonstrate
bioactive properties.
 Nutraceuticals are substances that are extracted
from foods and are used either to fortify other
food products in order to enhance their nutritional
properties as dietary supplements in the form of
pills, capsules of soft-gels.
414/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

5. 514/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.
Nutraceuticals

6. Nutraceuticals
 Nutraceuticals are food extracts that have been
demonstrated to produce a physiological benefit or
provide some protection against chronic disease.
 Nutraceuticals are the intersection of nutrition and
pharmaceutical and is an umbrella term that can also
include functional foods and dietary supplements.
 Eg. Omega-3 fatty acids that are both biocompatible
and bioavailable.
614/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

7. Nutraceuticals Market
714/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

8. Nano-Particle
 Nutraceutical compounds do not yet fall under the
same regulatory guidelines and control known to the
pharmaceutical industry, but many of the same
analytical studies are conducted.
 Quantitative particle size, particle shape, and zeta
potential analysis provides information that has either
a direct effect or correlation to issues such as
bioavailability, solubility, formulation stability, and
quality control.
814/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

9. Particle Characterization
914/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

10. 1014/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.
Particle Characterization

11. Nano-Techniques
 Nutraceutical researchers working to improve the
bioavailability, biocompatibility, and stability of various
formulations measure particle size, particle shape, and
zeta potential.
 Measuring particle size in the nanometer
 The SZ-100 dynamic light scattering nanoparticle size
analyzer provides size information for nano scale
suspensions and emulsions through a simple, robust user
interface.
1114/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

12. Neutraceuticals
 Essential fatty acids such as omega-3 oils
 Probiotics
 Prebiotics
 Plant stanols and sterols
 Botanicals
 Superfruit extracts and antioxidants
 Carotenoid antioxidants
 Soy protein isoflavones
1214/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

13. Essential fatty acids such as omega-3 oils
 Omega-3 fats are found in flaxseed oil, walnut oil, and
marine plankton and fatty fish.
 The main sources of omega-6 fats are vegetable oils such
as corn oil and soy oil that contain a high proportion of
linoleic acid.
 The dense composition of the oil, it can sometime prove
difficult to formulate with other ingredients
 Eg. Nanoemulsion
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 13

14. Probiotics
 Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can be found in
various foods.
 When you eat probiotics, you will add these healthy
bacteria to your intestinal tract.
 Common strains include Lactobacillis and
Bifidobacterium families of bacteria.
 Eg. Nanoliposomes and Nanoniosomes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 14

15. Prebiotics
 Prebiotics are non-digestible foods that make
their way through our digestive system and
help good bacteria grow and flourish.
 Prebiotics keep beneficial bacteria healthy.
 Eg. Nanoencapsulation
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 15

16. Plant stanols and sterols
 Plant sterols and stanols are naturally occurring
substances found in plants.
 They are present in small quantities in many fruits,
vegetables, vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, cereals and
legumes.
 Eg. Enhance aqueous solubility
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 16

17. Botanicals
 Range of substances which is covered by
‘Botanicals’.
 Extracts from non-gmo, live plants & seeds
 All plant derived substances which occur in
nature
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 17

18. Superfruit extracts and antioxidants
 Fruit which combines exceptional nutrient
richness and antioxidant quality with appealing
taste that can stimulate and retain loyalty for
consumer products.
 Some popular fruits like Apples, oranges, tomatoes,
strawberries, blackcurrants, blackberries are not
commonly mentioned as superfruits.
 Eg. Nanosuspension, Capros®
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 18

19. Carotenoid antioxidants
 Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments that
are naturally occurring in the chloroplasts and
chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic
organisms like algae, some bacteria, and some types
of fungus.
 Eye Formula combines distinctive flavonoids,
carotenoids, and antioxidants known to nourish and
protect the delicate cellular tissue of eyes, naturally
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 19

20. Soy protein isoflavones
 Soy protein and isoflavones (phytoestrogens) have
gained considerable attention for their potential role
in improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
 Soy protien isoflavones for enteral, parenteral, or
topical administration.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 20

21. Cosmetic
 Many cosmetic products include particulate
material or emulsions.
 Some examples of cosmetic products consisting
of or including particulates include facial
powders, moisturizers, lipstick etc.
2114/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

22. Facial Powders
 Face powders may include talc, kaolin, iron oxide, zinc
oxide, titanium dioxide.
 In addition to appearance enhancement, face powders
can also provide sunscreen protection with the
inclusion of strong light scattering components such as
zinc oxide.
 The particle size distribution of these components
effects appearance, stability, and sunscreen protection.
2214/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

23. 14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 23
Facial Powders

24. Moisturizers
 Moisturizers are applied to the skin to improve hydration,
protect from drying, and improve appearances.
 Most moisturizers are oil in water emulsions with
additives to improve stability or provide additional
benefits such as sun screening properties.
 Formulating oil in water emulsions often requires
knowledge of both the size distribution of the dispersed
phase (oil) and the charge on the surface of the droplets
(the zeta potential).
2414/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

25. Nanoemulsion
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 25

26. Lipstick
 The selection of pigments used for lipstick plays an
important role in the final appearance.
 Many pigments used in lipstick are particulate
including effect pigments that add silk or pearlescent
attributes.
 Smaller particles create satin and silky effects while
larger particle sizes create high luster effects such as
sparkle.
 Pearlescent pigments also add a shine to the
appearance of the lipstick.
2614/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

27. 14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 27
Lipstick

28. Patents for Nanotechnolog in Cosmetics
Company Application
Title
Key
Language/Abstract
(relevant claim in
bold
Date of
Filed
Published
Application/
Patent
Number
Colgate-
Palmolive
Deodorant with
small particle zinc
oxide
This invention
comprises a one
phase cosmetic
composition which
can be made as a
stick, gel or cream
February 9,
2001
6358499
L’Oreal Cosmetic
composition
comprising a
polyglycerolated
silicone elastomer
Nanoparticles are
between 5 nm and
600 nm in size
March 22,
2005
2005220728
2814/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

29. Nanotechnology Based Cosmetic Product
 Moisturisers
 Hair care products
 Make up and suncreen
2914/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

30. Main Uses of Nanotechnology
1. Use of nanoparticles as UV filters
2. Use of nanotechnology for delivery
3014/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

31. Use of nanoparticles as UV filters
 Titanium dioxide (Tio2) and zinc oxide (Zno) are
the main compounds used in these applications.
 Organic alternative to these have also been
developed
3114/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.

32. Use of nanotechnology for delivery
 Nanoliposomes and Nanoniosomes are used in the
cosmetic industry as delivery vehicles.
 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid
carriers (NLC) have been found to be better performers
than liposomes
 NLCs have been identified as a potential next generation
cosmetic delivery agent that can provide enhanced skin
hydration, bioavailability, stability of the agent and
controlled occlusion
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 32

33. Nanotechnology R&D in Cosmetics
 Vesicular Delivery Systems (Nanoliposome & Nanoniosome)
 Nanoemulsions
 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
 Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
 Dendrimers & Hyperbranched polymers
 Nanocrystals & Nanopowder
 Nanoencapsulation and controlled release
 Cubosomes
 Nanotechnology for UV protection
 Nanomechanical and Nanotribological study of hair
 Fullerenes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 33

34. Vesicular Delivery Systems
 Nanoliposomes
 Nanoniosomes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 34

35. Nanoliposomes
 Liposomes are vesicular structures with an aqueous core
surrounded by a hydrophobic lipid bilayer, created by the
extrusion of phospholipids.
 Phospholipids are GRAS (generally recognised as safe)
ingredients, therefore minimising the potential for adverse
effects.
 The first liposomal cosmetic product to appear on the
market was the anti-ageing cream ‘Capture’ launched by
Dior in 1986.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 35

36. Nanoliposomes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 36

37. Nanoniosomes
 Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that have a
similar structure to that of phospholipid vesicles like
liposomes.
 They can be used to encapsulate aqueous solutes and act as
drug and cosmetic carriers.

 They are formed by the self-assembly of non-ionic
surfactants in aqueous media.
 The first product ‘Niosome’ was introduced in 1987 by
L’Oréal company.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 37

38. Nanoniosomes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 38

39. Nanoemulsions
 Nanoemulsions are dispersions of nanoscale droplets of one
liquid within another.
 These emulsions are metastable systems whose structure can
be manipulated based on the method of preparation to give
different types of product e.g. water-like fluids or gels.
 Several companies supply ready to use emulsifiers for
creating stable nanoemulsions for cosmetic applications.
 L’Oreal own several patents on nanoemulsion based
technologies.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 39

40. Nanoemulsion
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 40

41. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are nanometre sized
particles with a solid lipid matrix.
 They are oily droplets of lipids which are solid at body
temperature and stabilised by surfactants.
 Their production is a relatively simple process where the
liquid lipid (oil) in a nanoemulsion is exchanged by solid
lipids.
 This process does not require organic solvents.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 41

42. 14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 42
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

43. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
 Lipid particles have been developed by mixing solid
lipids with liquid lipids (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-
NLCs).
 Compared to SLNs, NLCs have a distorted structure
which makes the matrix structure imperfect and creates
spaces to accommodate active compounds.
 The high loading capacity and long term stability offered
by the NLCs make them superior to SLNs in many
cosmetic applications.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 43

44. 14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 44
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

45. Dendrimers
 Dendrimers considered for use in the cosmetic industry.
 Dendrimers are unimolecular, monodisperse, micellar
nanostructures, around 20 nm in size, with a well-
defined, regularly branched symmetrical structure and a
high density of functional end groups at their periphery.
 They are prepared in a step-wise fashion, with an
architecture like a tree branching out from a central
point.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 45

46. Dendrimers
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 46

47. Hyperbranched Polymers
 Hyperbranched polymers are effectively
disorganised, unsymmetrical dendrimers that are
prepared in a single synthetic polymerisation step,
making them much more cost-effective than
dendrimers.
 The large number of external groups suitable for
multifunctionalisation which is a requirement for
its use as a cosmetic agent carrier.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 47

48. Hyperbranched Polymers
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 48

49. Nanocrystals
 Nanocrystals have been used in the cosmetic industry for the
delivery of poorly soluble actives.

 They are aggregates comprising several hundred to tens of
thousands of atoms that combine into a "cluster".
 Typical sizes of these aggregates are between 10-400 nm and
they exhibit physical and chemical properties somewhere
between that of bulk solids and molecules.
 The crystals must be stabilised to prevent larger aggregates
from forming.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 49

50. Nanocrystals
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 50

51. Nanopowder
 Nanopowder are solid particles that measure on the nanoscale,
usually comprised of three to five molecules together.
 Nanopowder have been of extreme interest in the Cosmetic
field.
 Smaller particles mean better absorption by the body therefore
less drug is needed.
 Because of a combination of these, side effects are lessened
due to better use of cosmetics.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 51

52. Nanopowder
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 52

53. Nanoencapsulation and controlled release
 Such nanosized particles which have a shell and an
interior space that can be used to load drugs are called
nanocapsules.
 Different types of nanocapsules are required depending
on the nature of the material (hydrophobic or
hydrophilic) to be incorporated.
 Polymers have been widely used to create nanocapsules
which are then functionalised for various applications.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 53

54. Nanoencapsulation and controlled release
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 54

55. Cubosomes
 Cubosomes are nanostructured particles of bicontinuous cubic
liquid crystalline phase.
 Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase is an optically
clear, very viscous material that has a unique structure at the
nanometer scale.
 They have high heat stability and are capable of carrying
hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules.
 They are an attractive choice for cosmetic applications as well
as for drug delivery.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 55

56. Cubosomes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 56

57. Nanotechnology for UV protection
 Zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles
have been widely used for many years as UV filters in
sunscreens.
 Products using nanoparticles of ZnO or TiO2 are
transparent so have increased aesthetic appeal, are less
smelly, less greasy and more absorbable by the skin.
 Many sunscreens and moisturisers available now use
these nanoparticles, including products from Boots,
Avon, The Body Shop, L’Oréal, Nivea and Unilever.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 57

58. ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 58

59. Nanomechanical and Nanotribological
study of hair
 Nanotechnology has been used to study the mechanical
characteristics of hair.
 Understanding the differences between hair types allows
cosmetic companies to create products to suit individual
hair types (e.g. ethnic differences between Caucasian,
Asian and African hair) as these can respond differently
to activities like shampooing, styling or colouring.

 The hair care industry is also interested in the effect of
water on the nanomechanical properties of hair.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 59

60. Fullerenes
 A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of
carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or
tube.
 Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and
they resemble the balls used in association football.
 Cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or
buckytubes.
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 60

61. Fullerenes
14/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi. 61

62. 6214/12/2011 Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi.
Contact No: 00919742431000
E-mail: bknanjwade@yahoo.co.in