1. Dr.Bidhan Mahajon
1
WEL COME

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. "Nidr aajanana"
Dr ugs
A scientific review
5

6. Scholar
Dr.Bidhan Mahajon
Guide
Dr. Remadevi.R. MD(AYU)
Professor and H.O.D
6
Department of Dravyaguna Vijnanam
V.P.S.V. Ayurveda College
Kottakkal

7. Contents
 Introduction
 Modern view of sleep, Insomnia & its management
 Ayurvedic view of Nidra,Anidra & its management
 Pharmacodynamics of Nidrajanana Drugs
 Scope of further research
 Conclusion
7

8. Prevalence of Insomnia
About 30% of adults have insomnia.
About 10% of adults, severe insomnia.
Less than 10% of adults chronic insomnia.
8

9. 9

10. Demand of Safe Option
 20,000 species are being used
 40% of Population are depending on
alternative or complimentary therapies.
 They spent over $27 billion.
10

11. 11

12. Sleep
12

13. William Dement, founder of Stanford
University's Sleep Research Centre.
"As far as I know, the only reason we need
to sleep that is really, really solid is because
we get sleepy."
13

14. Definition
Naturally recurring state characterized by Diminished consciousness
 Inhibition of sensory activity
 Inhibition of voluntary muscles
 Diminished reaction to stimuli
14

15. 15

16. 16

17. 17

18. Sleep Duration
 “Sleeping for six to seven hours each night, Increase
life span.”
 “Sleeping more than 7 to 8 hours per day has been
consistently associated with increased mortality.”
 “Reduced morbidity only occurs with those who
wake naturally, rather than those who use an alarm”.
18

19. Sleep, Regulated by Genetics
 ABCC9
 DEC2
19
(Neurology professor Ying-Hui Fu)

20. 20

21. International classification of sleep disorders
Six major categories:
 Insomnia
 Sleep related breathing disorders
 Hypersomnias
 Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
 Parasomnia
 Sleep related movement disorders
21

22. Insomnia
22

23. Insomnia
Hard time initiating sleep.
Struggle to maintain sleep.
Waking up frequently during the night.
Tend to wake up too early.
Sleep is non restorative or of poor quality.
23

24. Types of insomnia
 Two types of insomnia –
1.Primary- Drug abuse or medications.
2.Secondary- Primary medical illness, mental
disorders or other sleep disorders.
24

25. Types of Insomnia
Adjustment insomnia
 Behavioural insomnia
 Idiopathic insomnia
 Inadequate sleep hygiene
 Paradoxical insomnia
 Psychophysiological insomnia
25

26. General Management of
Insomnia
26

27. Sedatives
Benzodiazepines
Antipsychotics
Hypnotics
Antihistamines
Zolpidem
Benzodiazepines (rapid onset, short t1/2)
Anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines (acute)
Antidepressants (chronic)
27

28. “NIDRA”
28

29. What is nidra?
“Nindyate iti nidra”(Sabdakalpadrumam)
 Avasthaa of mind:
 Jaagradavastha
Svapnavastha
Sushuptiavastha
Tureeyavastha
29

30. Nidra-when and why?
"यदा तु मनसिसि क्लान्ते कर्मार्मात् मानसः क्लमािन्विताः।
िविषये भ् यो िनसवितर्मा न्ते तदा स्वििपितित मानसविः॥“
(च .सिु-२१ /३५ )
30

31. Nidra- when and why?
"ह्र्द यम् चे त नसास्थानसमुक्त म् सिुश्र त दे ि हिनसाम् ||
ु
तनसास्थानसमु
तमो िभिभिूते
तिस्मं स् तु िनसद्रा िविशतित दे ि हिनसम्॥
िनसद्रहिे त स् तमः सित्विं बोधनसे हिे त रु च्यते
ु
ु
स्विभिावि एवि
विा हिे त गर्मा रीयनस् पितिरकर्ीर्त्यर्मा ते ॥
ु
(Su. Sha.-4/35)
31

32. According to vaagbhata
"लोकर्ािद सिगर्मा प्रभिविा तमोमुल ा तमोमयी
विाहिु ल्यात्तमसिो
रात्रौ िनसद्रा प्राये नस जायते
श्ले ष् मविृत्त ष ु
े
स्रोते सि ु
श्रमाद ुपित रते ष ु
च।इन्द्रिन्द्रये ष ु
स्विकर्मर्मा भ्यो िनसद्रा िविशतित दे ि हिनसाम्॥ "
(As.sa.su 9)
32

33. Types of nidra
“ तमोभिविा श्ले ष् म सिमुद्भ विा च
मनसशतरीर श्रम सिम्भिविा च
आगन्तुकर् ीर् व्याध्यनसुवि ितर्मा नसी च्
राित्र स्विभिावि प्रभिविा च िनसद्रा ||”
(Ch.su21/58)
33

34. 3 Types of Nidra
 Vaishnavi
 Taamasi
 Vaikaariki
34

35. Effects of Nidra
“िनसद्रातु सिे ि विताकर्ाले ध ातु सिाम्यता इन्द्रिन्द्रत्विम् पितुि ष्टिम्
विणर्मा म् बलोत्सिाहिम् वििह्निदीिप्ति कर्रोित िहि ||”
(B.P.5/3-5)
35

36. Unhealthy Nidra habits
‘Divaasvapna’
‘Raatrijaagarana’
36

37. Anidra
37

38. Classification
 Svatantra
 Paratantra
38

39. Anidra, not in all Vata rogas
 Diseases where the Shula (pain) exists
Many psychic conditions
39

40. Samprapti
40

41. Nidana
Manasika
Aharaja,Viharaja
& Anya
Increased
Vata
Increased
pitta
Decreased
kapha
Increased
satva
Kapha kshaya
Increased
raja
Decreased
Tama
Tama kshaya
Lack of Sleshma Tama avarana to Sanjnavaha srota
Nidra Nasha
41

42. Management
 External and Internal medication
Psychic management (Adravyachikitsa)
 Yoga
42

43. Pharmacodynamics
of
Nidrajanana drugs
43

44. 44

45. 45

46. 46

47. 47

48. "िनसद्राश्ले ष् मतमभिविा“
 Responsible Dosa for Anidra:
 Vata-Nidranasha
 Pitta-Alpanidra
 Nidrajanana Drug - Vata, Pitta
samak
48

49. "ओजसिोमात्मकर् ……”
 (Ca.Su-17/76,77)
49

50. 50

51. How madakari dravya induce sleep??
"बुि द्धिलुम् पितित यद्द्र्व् यं मदकर्ािर तद ुच् यते ।
तमोगुण प्रधानसं
51
च यथा मद्यं सिुर ािदकर्म्॥ "
(शता .सिं .पितु-४ /२१ )

52. Guna of Madakaari Dravya
Laghu, Ushna, Rooksha, Teekshna, Khara etc
गुरु शतीतं मृद ु िस्नसग्धं बहिलं मधुर ं िस्थरम्।
प्रसिन्नं िपितिच्छिलं श्लक्ष्ण मोजो दशतगुणं स्मृत म्॥
(च .िच -२४ )
52

53. How madakari dravya induce sleep??
Visramsa: “सििन्धिविश्ले ष ो गात्रानसांसि दनसं दोषच्यविनसं
षो
िक्रियासििन्नरोधश्च िविस्रंसिे ॥ ”
Vyapada: “स्तब्धगुरु गात्रताविातशतोफोविणर्मा भिे द ोग्लािनस स्तन्द्रा
िनसद्रा
च व्यापितन्ने॥ ”
Kshaya: “मूच् छिार्मामांांसि क्षयोमोहिः प्रलापितो मरणिमित च
म
क्षये ॥ ”
(सिु.सिू-१५ )
53

54. How madakari dravya induce sleep??
Madakari (Madya,Ahiphen etc)
Acts on oja (By opposite guna)
Visramsa(Displaced)
Vyapada(Mixed with dosha)
Nidraa(Vaikariki nidra)
54

55. Vikaasi Dravya
सििन्धबन्धास्तुं िशतिथलान्यत्कर्रोित िविकर्िशत तत्॥
िविश्ले ष् योजश्च धातुभ् यो यथा क्रिमुकर् कर्ोद्रविाः॥
(शता .प्र -४ /२० -२१ )
Kramuka-Areca catechu(L.)
Arecolin-Sedative
55

56. How milk induce sleep??
 Shresta Nidraa janakam
“.....पथ्यं वातपिपत्त िवकािरिणाम॥ " (च.सू-१)
56

57. How milk induce sleep??
 Similar guna with oja
 Acts oja-ओजोविृद्धि ो िहि दे हि स्य तुि ष्टिपितुि ष्टिबलोदयो॥ ”
(अ .िह .सिू-११ /४१ )
 Acts on Kapha-Satva
57

58. Mode of action of Nidraajanana Drugs
 Acts on tama-imbalance of oja-sleep
 Acts on kapha-oja-satva-sleep
58

59. 59

60. Manasamitra Vataka
 “While the Clonazepam group saw a 67% improved
disposition, the Manasamitra Vataka group experienced
an average improvement of 73%. The group who also
received Shirodhara therapy saw the most dramatic
change, with a 91% improvement in symptoms”.
(NIMHANS)
60

61. Mode of drug selection
 Kapha vardhaka
 Satvaguna vardhaka
61

62. Mode of drug selection
 Snigdha,Picchila-Sankhapuspi
 Madhura,Snigdha-Jathaamaansi
 Snigdha,Madhura,Sheeta-Kusmanda
 Sugandhi,Jivaniya,Rasayaniya
62

63. Mode of action of
some common
drugs
63

64. Table: Ayurvedic plants proved as sedative
64
64

65. Table: Ayurvedic plants proved as sedative
65
65
02/25/14

66. Vatasamana Drugs
66

67. Sarpagandha(Amalpori)
Rouwolfia serpentina(Kuz.)
"कफवातहरा िनदापदा हृद वसािदनी "
(भा .प )
67
Family-Apocynaceae
Rasa-Tikta,katu
Guna-Ruksha
Vipaka-Katu
Veerya-Ushna
Useful part-Root

68. Ashwagandha(Amukkuram)
Withania somnifera(L)
Family –Solanaceae
Rasa-Katu,Tikta,Kasaya
Guna-Laghu,Snigdha
Veerya-Ushma
Vipaka-Katu
Useful part-Root
"मारतिघ- मारतम् वातिवकारम् हिनत" (सो.िन)
68

69. Ashwagandha(Amukkuram)
GABA mimetic action- Sedative
-Anticonvulsive
(Kulkarni SK, et al)
Stress-induced changes of dopamine
receptors in the corpus striatum.
69
(Upton R, ed: Amer Herbal Pharmacopoeia 2000:1-25.)

70. Jyotismati(Cherupunna)
Celastrus paniculatus(L.)
Family- Celastraceae
Rasa-Katu,Tkta
Guna-Ruksha,Tikshna
Vipaka-Katu
Veerya-Ushna
Bha.Pra.
“Vahnibuddhismritiprada”
70
02/25/14

71. Jathamansi(Jatamanci)
Nardostachys grandiflora DC.
Family-Valerianaceae
Rasa-Tikta,Kasaya,Madhura
Guna-Laghu,Snigdha
Vipaka-Katu
Veerya-Sheeta
" मांसि स तितक्ता तकषाया तच तमेध् या त
कािनतवलपदा "
71
( भा . प . )

72. Jathamansi(Jatamanci)
Antidepressant activity:
Norepinephrine (NE)
Dopamine (DA)
Serotonin (5-HT)
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
Gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA)
(Prabhu V et al)
72

73. Tagara(Tagaram)
Valeriana officinalis Linn.
Family-Valerianaceae
Rasa-Tikta,Katu,Kasaya
Guna-Laghu,Snigdha
Veerya-Ushma
Vipaka-Katu
Karma-Kapha,Vata hara
73

74. Tagaram...
Anxiolytic - 6-methylapigenin (MA)
Sedative - glycoside 2S (-) hesperidin (HN)
Glycoside linarin (LN)
(Fernández et al)
74

75. Tagaram...
INTERACTIONS:
May potentiate the effect of alcohol
CNS depressants
Sedatives.
75

76. Vachaa(Vayambu)
Acorus calamus Linn.
Family-Araceae
Rasa-Katu,Tikta
Guna-Laghu,Tikshna
Veerya-Ushna
Vipaaka-Katu
76

77. Vachaa(Vayambu)
Acorus oil - Sedative-tranquillizingaction
Roots and Rhizomes CNS depressant
Leaves analeptic/ CNS stimulant activity
77

78. Pitta Samanam Drugs
78

79. Brahmi (Nirbrahmi)
Bacopa monnieri[Linn]Pennel
Family-Scrophulariaceae
Rasa-Tikta,Kasaya.
Guna-Laghu,Sara
Vipaka-Madhura
Veerya-Sheeta
Part use-Whole plant
79
"ब्रािह्मि ततु त िपिच्चिच्चिलायुष् यासरोनमादिवनािशिनिन“ त त त
त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त त
(सो .िन )

80. Adverse reactions
 Gastrointestinal upset
 Nausea.
 Drowsiness.
 Brahmoside and brahminoside- sedative effects.
80

81. Mandukaparni(Muttil)
 Centella asiatica (Linn).
Family-Apiaceae
Rasa-Tikta,Kasaya,Madhura
Guna-Laghu
Vipaka-Madhura
Veerya-Sheeta
"मनडू कपिच्चिणिका तलव्धी तस्वादु पिच्च ाका तिहमा तसरा“ त (शिना .िन )
81

82. Shankhapuspi
Clitoria ternatea Linn.
Rasa-Tikta,Katu,Kasaya
Rasa-Tikta
Guna-Teekshna,Laghu
Guna-Snigdha,Picchila
Vipaka-Katu
Vipaka-Madhura
Veerya-Sheeta
82
Convolvulus plauricaulis Linn.
Veerya-Sheeta

83. Shankhapuspi
83

84. Madakari Drugs
84

85. Dhatura(Ummath)
Datura stramonium Linn.
Family-Solanaceae
Rasa- Tikta,Katu
Guna- Laghu,Ruksha
Veerya-Ushma
Vipaka-Katu
85
"उनमत -मदकृ त्वात् त इतित तउनमत "(िन .आ )

86. Bhangaa
Cannabis sativa Linn.
Family-Cannaacebinae
Rasa-Tikta
Guna-Laghu,Teekshna
Vipaka-Katu
Veerya-Ushna
Prabhava-Madakari
86

87. Some Common
Drugs
We Can Use
87

88. Harichandanam(Manaranjitam)
Artabortys hexapetalus (L.F)
Family- Annonaceae
Leaves is proved sedative
88
02/25/14

89. Parasikayavani(Amukkiram)
Hyocyamus niger Linn.
Family- Solanaceae
Rasa-Tikta,Katu,Kasaya
Guna-Rooksha,Guru
Vipaka-Katu
Veerya-Ushna
Prabhava-Madakari
Kapha,Vatahara
Useful part-Seed,Leaves,Flower
89

90. Lajjalu(Thottavati)
Mimosa pudica Linn.
Family-Mimosaceae
Rasa-Kasaya,Tikta
Guna-Laghu,Ruksha
Vipaka-Katu
Veerya- Sheeta
Useful part- Root,Leaves
"लजावती मुल िविलप पािणः ....गृह ाित सपारन ् भमतो अितघोरान्”
(राजमातरन ड )
90

91. Saptaparnah(Elilampala)
 Alstonia scholaris Linn.
 Family- Apocynaceae
 Rasa-Tikta,Kasaya
 Guna-Laghu,snigdha
 Vipaka-Katu
 Veerya- Ushna
 Tridosa shamana
 (Ra.Ni)
91

92. Vrikkabeejah(Kasumaavu)
Anacardium occidentale( L.)
Shaaligraam Nighantu
- Snigdha
- Kasaya,Madhuram
- Kaphavaataharam
92
Essential oil of the plant is sedative

93. Mustaka(Mutthanga)
 Cyperus rotundus(Linn.)
 Family-Cyperaceae
 Rasa-Tikta,Katu,Kasayam
 Guna-Laghu.Ruksha
 Vipaka-Katu
 Veerya-Sheeta
 Kapha,Pitta hara
 Ni.Ra-Medhya
93

94. Vrikshaadani
 Viscus album (L.)
 Family-Loranthaceae
 Bha.PraTikta,Kasaya,Madhura Rasa
Sheeta Veeryam
94

95. Gandhatrina(Inchippollu)
 Cymbopogon citratus(B.C)
 Family-Poaceae
 Bha.Pra.Ni-Katu,Tikta Rasa
 Laghu,Ruksha-Guna
 Katu-Vipaka
 Ushna-Veerya
 Kaphasamana
95

96. Passion fruit
• Passiflora incarnata(L.)
• Family-Passifloraceae
• Whole plant-Sedative
96

97. Elaa
 Elettaria cardamomum(Maton)
 Family-Scitaminae
 Rasa-Katu,Madhuram
 Guna-Laghu,Ruksha,Sukshma
 Veerya-Sheeta
 Vipaka-Katu
 (Bha.Pra.Ni)
97

98. Scope of research
98

99. Yastimadhu(Iratti madhuram)
 Glycyrrhiza glabra(Linn.)
 Family-Fabaceae
 Rasa-Madhura
 Guna-Guru,Snigdha
 Vipaka- Madhura
 Veerya-Sheeta
 Tridosa haram
(Bha.Pra Ni)
99

100. Jiraka(Jirakam)
• Cuminum cyminum(Linn.)
• Family-Umbelliferae
• Dhn.Ni- Manognam
Hridyam
• Kai.Ni- Medhyam
100

101. Varttaki(Vazhuthina)
 Solanum melongena(Linn)
 Family-Solanaceae
 Ra.Ni- Nidralu
 Rasa-Madhura
 Guna-Laghu,Teekshna
 Vipaka-Katu
 Veerya-Ushna
101

102. Upodika(Vasalachira)
 Basella alba(Linn.)
 Family-Basellaceae

(Bha.Pra. &
Kai.Ni,Atreya)-
 Kapha bardhanam,Vatasamaka
 Hanti madam
 Nidralu
102

103. Changeri(Puliyarel)
 Oxalis corniculata(Linn.)
 Family-Oxalidaceae
 Rasa-Amla,Kasaya
 Guna-Laghu,Ruksha
 Veerya-Ushna
 Vipaka-Amla
 Kapha, Vataharam
(Bha.Pra.Ni) (Dh.Ni)
103

104. Scope of research….
The bandanging of the root of Kakamachi or
Kakajangha or Apamarga or Kokilaksha or
suparnika (Bakuchi) with hair.
(Ha. Sam. & B.P.)
104

105. Scope of Research…
Use of bronze vessel
The use of banana leaf
(Ha. Sam.).
105

106. Conclusion
 Nidra is natural physiological process
 Mode of action of Nidrajanana drugs two
way
 Nidrajanana should process kapha,oja,satva
vardhak property
106

107. Bibliography
1. Ashtanga hrdayam, Vagbhata with Sarvanga sandara vyakhya by
Arunadatta, Choukhamba Orientalia, 1989
2. Ashtanga samgraham, Vrddha Vagbhata with Prakaasika vyakhya by
Vaodyabhushanam. K. Raghavan Thirumulpad, 1st edition, 1982
3. Bhaavaprakasa, Bhaava mishra
4. Charaka Samhita, Ayurveda deepika vyakhya by Chakrapaanidatta, edited
by Vd. Yadavji Trikumji, Munshiram publishers, 5th edition,1992
5.
Concept of mind, by a group of authors, Dept. of Samhitas& Siddhantas,
V.P.S.V Ayurveda college, kottakkal.
6. Sabdakalpadrumam .
7. Susruta Samhita,Nibandha Samgraha vyakhya by Dalhana edited by
Vd. Yadavji Trikumji, Krishnadas Academy, Choukhaba Orientalia, !989
8. Svastavrttam, Kerala government Ayurveda publication-18
107

108. Bibliography
9. Concise Medical Physioloigy- Sujit.K.Chaudhuri, 5th edition
10.Human physiology, C.C.Chatterjee, 11th edition
11.Oxford text book of psychiatry, Michael Gelder, Dennis Gath,
Richard Mayou, ELBS, 2nd edition
12.Principles and application psychology, Stephen Worchel,
Wayne Shebilske, Prentice Hall, 5th edition
13.Principles of anatomy and physiology, Tortora, Grabowski, 8th
edition
14.Review of medical physiology, William.F.Ganong,21st edition
15.Text book of medical physiology, Guyton&Hall, 9th edition
108

109. References
 36. Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda & siddha vol.1, CCRAS,
Dept. of Ayush, Govt. of India, 2004, 81, 266, 292, 406, 471.
 37. Reviews on Indian medicinal plants, vol. 1, ICMR, New Delhi, 2004, 200, 392.
 38. Reviews on Indian medicinal plants, vol. 2, ICMR, New Delhi, 2004,139, 238.
 39. Reviews on Indian medicinal plants, vol.3, ICMR, New Delhi, 2004, 8, 119,
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113

114. Thank You
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