SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 52
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Thematic Apperception TesT
• is a projective test consisting of a 
series of pictures in which the 
examinee is requested to create a 
story about the picture. 
• method of revealing to the trained 
interpreter some of the dominant 
drives, emotions, sentiments, 
complexes and conflicts of 
personality. 
• Apperception – refer to the process of 
projecting fantasy imaginary onto an 
objective stimuli.
History: 
was conceptualized by Henry Murray 
and Christina Morgan on 1935. 
• Henry Murray 
– was born on May 13, 1893 into a wealthy 
family. 
– Has a good relationship with his father but 
poor one with his mother, that result him to 
feel depression.
 Christina Morgan 
- Born in Boston on October 6, 1887 
- Had a lot of health problems. 
- Drowned herself on March 14, 1967 at the 
Virgin Islands
• Morgan – Murray Thematic apperception 
Test 
– the original name of the TAT but later on 
Murray is given primary credit for the test, 
along with the staff of Harvard Psychological 
Clinic. 
• 1938 the year that Tat was established in 
Harvard Psychological Clinic 
• Explorations in Personality in which the 
description of TAT was included.
• Murray’s Theory of Personality 
The TAT is so integrally involved 
with Murray’s concept of personality 
that a survey and knowledge of his 
basic theoretical components is 
important. In constructing the theory, 
Murray emphasizes the biological 
basis as well as the social and 
environmental determinants of 
behavior. He is also consistently 
aware of how individuals interact with 
their environment.
• 1960 – Mrs. Uma Coudhary 
developed Indian Adoption of TAT 
• Human Potential Movement 
– encouraged psychologists to use TAT to 
help their clients understand themselves 
better and stimulate personal growth.
General Conditions: 
• to be administered in an interpersonal 
setting. 
• Indian version of TAT materials 
consists of 13 cards on which 
ambiguous pictures are presented. 
• During administration, the subject 
should be seated beside the 
examiner with his or her chair turned 
away
Instructions: 
• The examiner will show some pictures 
one at a time, and the subject will be 
making up as dramatic a story as 
he/she can for each picture card. 50 
minutes for 10 pictures. The following 
story structure must be obtained:
a) current situation ; what is 
happening at the moment? 
b) thoughts and feelings of the 
character (s); what the characters 
are feeling and thinking? 
c) preceding events; what has led 
up to the event shown in the 
picture? 
d) outcome ; what was the 
outcome?
Procedures: 
• TIME 
time measured should begin when the picture is 
first presented and end when the subject begins 
his or her story. 
• RECORDING 
a subject’s complete responses should be 
recorded, along with any noteworthy behavioral 
observations: exclamation, stuttering, pauses, 
blushing, degree of involvement , and change 
in voice inflection.
• QUESTIONING and INQUIRY 
to produce an unhampered and 
free-flow of the subject’s fantasy 
material. 
• ORDER OF PRESENTATION 
usually, the cards should be 
administered according to their 
sequential numbering system.
Scoring: 
The Psychological Corporation 
For each of the scoring categories, 
practitioners should abbreviate their observations 
about the person. In some sections, practitioners 
are asked to indicate the levels of importance or 
strength for the per by putting one check (mere 
presence of characteristics), two checks 
(moderate) or three checks (strong). The entire 
scoring and interpretation procedure typically 
takes a half-hour.
• H.A Murray, 1943 scoring the TAT involves 
evaluating the following five different aspects of the 
stories: 
 The Hero. Scoring for the hero involves identifying who 
is central character(s) in the story 
 Need of the Hero. For Murray, it was also critical to 
identify the needs, motives and desire of the hero. 
 Identifying the presses. A press refer to any important 
environmental factor that may influence or interfere with 
the need of the hero. 
Example: (parents or boss), (the lock on the door is 
broken)
 Scoring for themes. Scoring for themes in TAT 
stories involves noting the nature of the interplay 
and conflict between the needs and presses, the 
types of emotion elicited by this conflict, and the 
way the conflict is resolved. 
 Scoring for outcome. Scoring for the outcome of 
the story involves analyzing how the stories end 
by noting a happy versus unhappy ending and 
assessing the extent to which the ending is 
controlled by the strengths of the hero and forces in 
the environment.
Interpretation: 
• Nomethetic and Idiogrphic. 
1. Nomothethic Interpretation refers to the 
practice of establishing norms for answer from 
subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or 
educational level groups and then measuring a 
given subject’s responses against those norms. 
2. Idiographic Interpretation refers to evaluating 
the unique features of the subject’s view of the 
world and relationships. 
Most psychologists would classify the TAT is better 
suited to idiographic than nomothethic interpretations
• In interpreting the responses of the TAT, the 
examiners typically focus their attention on one of 
the three (3) areas: 
•The content of the stories that the subject tells; 
•The feeling or the tone of the stories; 
•The subject’s behavior apart from responses. 
These behavior may include: Verbal Remarks (e.g. 
comments about feeling stressed by situation or 
not being good story teller) as well as Nonverbal 
Actions or Signs (e.g. blushing stammering, 
fidgeting in the chair, difficulties making an eye 
contact with the examiner, etc.)
• The story content usually reveals the 
subject’s attitudes, fantasies, wishes, inner 
conflicts, and view of the outside world. 
• The story structure typically reflects the 
subject’s feelings, assumptions about the 
world, and an underlying attitude of 
optimism or pessimism.
The 3 Levels of Interpretations suggest by Bellak 
& Abram, 1997 are: 
•Descriptive Level- it is the mere repeat of 
the story 
•Interpretative Level- It extends the 
descriptive level by an alteration of it [if one 
does the X, then the outcome will be Y.]. 
•Diagnostic Level- It is the further extension 
I that an interference is made about the 
client.
• In Example Given: 
PICTURE 1 
– Descriptive level (the boy is 
practicing to increase his 
competence.) 
– Interpretative level (If one 
practice, then he or she will 
improve.) 
– Diagnostic level (The client 
has a high need for 
achievement with a high level 
of self- efficacy.
Results: 
• The results of the TAT must be 
interpreted in the context of the 
subject’s personal history, age, sex, 
level of education, occupation, 
racial or ethnic identification first 
language, and other characteristics 
that may be important.
• The results of the Thematic 
Apperception Test are difficult to 
generalize. The results are often 
subjective and do not use any formal 
type of scoring system. However, a 
close analysis of the stories told by the 
subject normally gives the tester a 
decent idea of the traits mentioned 
above (personality, emotional control, 
and attitudes towards aspects of 
everyday life).
– Thematic Apperception Tests are less 
beneficial to individuals. However, 
individuals can use the results to 
determine if an industry or company is 
right for them. The results can also help 
the person understand their unconscious 
self, which can help them find ways to 
successfully increase their productivity 
and efficacy on the job. A true 
understanding of one self can provide 
over your co-workers and competitors.
Thematic Apperception Test 
(TAT) 
Picture 1: 
A boy is sitting and 
looking at a Tanpura 
placed in front of 
him.
Personality characteristics 
• As per description of the subject following 
traits may be traced 
– Creativity 
– Imagination ability
Picture 2 : Country scene with a woman 
working in the foreground. In the 
background, a man is working in a field 
while a woman watches.
General Discussion 
This is the card in the series that 
presents the group scene and gives 
information relating to how the 
individual deals with the challenge of 
people living together.
Personality characteristics 
• As per description of the subject following 
traits may be traced 
– Imagination power 
– Nature loving 
– Aesthetic sense 
– Attitude towards life of different workers
Picture 3: : An older man is looking at a 
younger man.
General Discussion 
• This card is extremely useful in obtaining 
information about the authority figures 
and, more specifically the subjects own 
father. The picture deals with hierarchical 
Personal relationships and usually takes 
the form of an older, more experienced 
man interacting with the younger, less 
experienced one.. Thus, the card can 
clearly show how the subject deals with 
external demands and attitudes toward 
authority.
Picture 4 : A young girl is seated on a couch 
and is holding a doll in her hands. Behind 
her is an older woman.
General Discussion 
The intention here is to bring out the style and 
manner of mother-child interaction. When the 
older women are the subjects, the picture often 
elicits feelings and attitudes toward children. 
Because both figures are looking away, either 
figure is sometimes perceived as rejecting the other. 
This, the card draws out negative feeling and 
interactions, and it is important to note how these 
feelings are resolved, expressed, or avoided. 
Sometimes the older woman is described as reading 
a fairy story to the younger girl.
Picture 5 : A woman is standing in front of of 
a man .
General Discussion 
• This picture typically elicits a good deal of 
information relating to the feelings and 
attitudes surrounding male-female 
relationship.
Personality characteristics 
• Attitude towards male – female relationship 
• Attitude of male towards female and vice 
versa 
• Capacity for mutual respect
Picture 6 : An woman is standing in front of a 
man in opposite face
• Attitude towards male – female relationship 
• Information about Emotional aspects 
• Information about Social relationship
Picture 7 : A woman has her hands around 
the throat of another woman. In the 
background is a flight of stairs.
General Discussion 
The manner in which the subject handles aggressive, 
hostile relationships with the other women is primary type 
of information this picture elicits. Particular note should 
be made of what types of events trigger this 
aggressiveness, and of the manner in which the conflict is 
or is not resolved
Picture 8 : A beautiful scenario of the village. 
No human figures are present.
• The picture is describing the nature 
and so it is good test of the subjects’ 
imaginative abilities.
Picture 9 : One person is holding his or her 
head against another person’s shoulder. 
One woman is looking from window.
Picture 10 
One Young man is 
a close relation 
with one women. 
Another woman 
watching this.
General Discussion 
• This card often gives useful information 
regarding how the subject perceives male-female 
relationship, particularly those 
involving some degree of closeness and 
intimacy. It might be helpful to notice the 
relative degree of comfort or discomfort 
evoked by emotional closeness. A story of 
departure or of termination of the 
relationship may be reflective of either 
overt or denied hostility on the part of the 
subject.
General Discussion 
• These card also deals with female 
peer relations and is important in 
elaborating on the issues such as 
conflict resolution, jealousy, sibling 
rivalry, and competitiveness.
Picture 11 : A Woman in front of a broken 
house
General Discussion 
The picture often elicits information 
regarding a subject’s attitudes toward 
loneliness, darkness, and uncertainty. Fears 
may be stated explicitly through gangster 
stories. As with Picture, the method of 
handling these fears and the examinee’s 
response to physical danger should be 
noted.
General Discussion 
• With suicidal or depressed subjects, there 
may be an elaboration of feelings of 
abandonment and isolation), for example: 
someone has been lost or has been fallen 
from a boat. More stable and adjusted 
subjects are likely to discuss the peace of 
being alone in the woods and perhaps of 
fishing or having gone fishing further down 
the stream.
Picture 12 : A young man is standing in the 
foreground with his head in his arms. In 
the background is a woman lying in a 
bed.
General Discussion 
This picture is often helpful in revealing sexual 
conflicts. In a general way, it provides information on 
the subject’s attitudes and feelings toward his or her 
partner, in particularly attitudes just before and 
immediately following the sexual relation. Stories in 
which there are overt expressions of aggression or 
revulsion are significant variations and should be 
noted as relatively unusual. In particular, the relation 
between a subject’s aggressive and sexual feelings 
is frequently portrayed.
Picture 13 : A person is standing against a 
window.
General Discussion 
• If a subject’s presenting problem is depression, especially 
if there is evidence of suicidal ideation, this card along 
with Picture . This type of subject often describes the 
figure in the picture and, more importantly discusses the 
events, feeling, and attitudes that led up to the current self-destructive 
behavior. It becomes important to investigate, 
during the inquiry phase of examination, the particular 
methods and styles of problem solving that the story 
character has attempted or is attempting 
This picture may also reveal the subject’s aesthetics 
interest and personal philosophical beliefs or wish 
fulfillments.

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Wechsler Intelligence and Memory Scales
Wechsler Intelligence and Memory ScalesWechsler Intelligence and Memory Scales
Wechsler Intelligence and Memory ScalesNanza Gonda
 
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)SukanyaNatya
 
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Ravens Progressive MatricesRavens Progressive Matrices
Ravens Progressive MatricesHemangi Narvekar
 
The rorschach test1
The rorschach test1The rorschach test1
The rorschach test1aarti520g
 
PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)
PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)
PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)MissTiwari
 
Thematic apperception test
Thematic apperception testThematic apperception test
Thematic apperception testBless Maramag
 
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScaleStanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScaleMauliRastogi
 
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Hemangi Narvekar
 
Nature and use of Psychological Tests
Nature and use of Psychological TestsNature and use of Psychological Tests
Nature and use of Psychological TestsLenie Rose Julia
 
Psychodiagnostic technique[1]
Psychodiagnostic technique[1]Psychodiagnostic technique[1]
Psychodiagnostic technique[1]RAJSHREERAJSHREE1
 
The Rorschach Ink Blot Test
The Rorschach Ink Blot TestThe Rorschach Ink Blot Test
The Rorschach Ink Blot TestYuti Doshi
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Wechsler Intelligence and Memory Scales
Wechsler Intelligence and Memory ScalesWechsler Intelligence and Memory Scales
Wechsler Intelligence and Memory Scales
 
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
 
Ravens Progressive Matrices
Ravens Progressive MatricesRavens Progressive Matrices
Ravens Progressive Matrices
 
Bhatiabattery
BhatiabatteryBhatiabattery
Bhatiabattery
 
The rorschach test1
The rorschach test1The rorschach test1
The rorschach test1
 
Inkblot test (rorschach inkblot)
Inkblot test (rorschach  inkblot)Inkblot test (rorschach  inkblot)
Inkblot test (rorschach inkblot)
 
PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)
PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)
PGI MEMORY SCALE.(PSYCHOLOGY)
 
Neo personality inventory
Neo personality inventoryNeo personality inventory
Neo personality inventory
 
Thematic apperception test
Thematic apperception testThematic apperception test
Thematic apperception test
 
TAT
TATTAT
TAT
 
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScaleStanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
 
16 personality factor
16 personality factor16 personality factor
16 personality factor
 
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
 
Nature and use of Psychological Tests
Nature and use of Psychological TestsNature and use of Psychological Tests
Nature and use of Psychological Tests
 
Gestalt bender report
Gestalt bender reportGestalt bender report
Gestalt bender report
 
Psychodiagnostic technique[1]
Psychodiagnostic technique[1]Psychodiagnostic technique[1]
Psychodiagnostic technique[1]
 
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
1 Introduction to Psychological Assessment
 
Raymond Ppt
Raymond PptRaymond Ppt
Raymond Ppt
 
The Rorschach Ink Blot Test
The Rorschach Ink Blot TestThe Rorschach Ink Blot Test
The Rorschach Ink Blot Test
 
Sack s sentence completion test report
Sack s sentence completion test reportSack s sentence completion test report
Sack s sentence completion test report
 

Similar a TAT Interpretation

Lecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptx
Lecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptxLecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptx
Lecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptxMsMaryamShahzadi
 
Thematic apperception test
Thematic apperception testThematic apperception test
Thematic apperception testfariha chaudhary
 
Class 12 ch-2-assessment of personality
Class 12  ch-2-assessment of personalityClass 12  ch-2-assessment of personality
Class 12 ch-2-assessment of personalityNavarathina Devakumar
 
Department of education
Department of educationDepartment of education
Department of educationMehraj Bhat
 
psychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defence
psychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defencepsychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defence
psychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in DefenceCol Mukteshwar Prasad
 
Department of education
Department of educationDepartment of education
Department of educationMehraj Bhat
 
thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdf
thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdfthematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdf
thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdfManase8
 
PSYCHOMETRY
PSYCHOMETRYPSYCHOMETRY
PSYCHOMETRYANCYBS
 
Psychology unit v personality (part-2)
Psychology unit v  personality (part-2)Psychology unit v  personality (part-2)
Psychology unit v personality (part-2)Akila anbalagan
 
Projective techniques
Projective techniques Projective techniques
Projective techniques Amenda Joy
 
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...Sarath Thomas
 
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)Donna Suneeth
 
Leonardo - VET - Transactional Analysis
Leonardo - VET - Transactional AnalysisLeonardo - VET - Transactional Analysis
Leonardo - VET - Transactional AnalysisGeorge Diamandis
 
Psych 24 history of personality assessment
Psych 24 history of personality assessmentPsych 24 history of personality assessment
Psych 24 history of personality assessmentMaii Caa
 

Similar a TAT Interpretation (20)

Lecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptx
Lecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptxLecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptx
Lecture- Thematic Apperception Test.pptx
 
PERSONALITY.pptx
PERSONALITY.pptxPERSONALITY.pptx
PERSONALITY.pptx
 
Thematic apperception test
Thematic apperception testThematic apperception test
Thematic apperception test
 
Class 12 ch-2-assessment of personality
Class 12  ch-2-assessment of personalityClass 12  ch-2-assessment of personality
Class 12 ch-2-assessment of personality
 
Personality test
Personality testPersonality test
Personality test
 
Department of education
Department of educationDepartment of education
Department of education
 
psychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defence
psychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defencepsychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defence
psychological technique used in SSB for areer as an officer in Defence
 
6224231.ppt
6224231.ppt6224231.ppt
6224231.ppt
 
Department of education
Department of educationDepartment of education
Department of education
 
thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdf
thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdfthematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdf
thematicapperceptiontest-160810124347.pdf
 
PSYCHOMETRY
PSYCHOMETRYPSYCHOMETRY
PSYCHOMETRY
 
Psychology unit v personality (part-2)
Psychology unit v  personality (part-2)Psychology unit v  personality (part-2)
Psychology unit v personality (part-2)
 
Projective techniques
Projective techniques Projective techniques
Projective techniques
 
OB Module 2.pptx
OB Module 2.pptxOB Module 2.pptx
OB Module 2.pptx
 
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...
Transational Analysis, Scope,Types,Applications, limitations and criticism, U...
 
OB UNIT-II.pdf
OB UNIT-II.pdfOB UNIT-II.pdf
OB UNIT-II.pdf
 
Projective Tests
Projective TestsProjective Tests
Projective Tests
 
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
 
Leonardo - VET - Transactional Analysis
Leonardo - VET - Transactional AnalysisLeonardo - VET - Transactional Analysis
Leonardo - VET - Transactional Analysis
 
Psych 24 history of personality assessment
Psych 24 history of personality assessmentPsych 24 history of personality assessment
Psych 24 history of personality assessment
 

Más de Dr. Bhim Chandra Mondal (8)

Value inculcation through teaching
Value inculcation through teachingValue inculcation through teaching
Value inculcation through teaching
 
Personality
PersonalityPersonality
Personality
 
Motivation
MotivationMotivation
Motivation
 
Gagne learning theory
Gagne learning theoryGagne learning theory
Gagne learning theory
 
Constructivist pedagogy
Constructivist pedagogyConstructivist pedagogy
Constructivist pedagogy
 
Pedagogical analysis of contents of physical science
Pedagogical analysis of contents of physical sciencePedagogical analysis of contents of physical science
Pedagogical analysis of contents of physical science
 
Behavioral objectives
Behavioral objectivesBehavioral objectives
Behavioral objectives
 
Microteaching
Microteaching Microteaching
Microteaching
 

Último

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 

Último (20)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 

TAT Interpretation

  • 2. • is a projective test consisting of a series of pictures in which the examinee is requested to create a story about the picture. • method of revealing to the trained interpreter some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes and conflicts of personality. • Apperception – refer to the process of projecting fantasy imaginary onto an objective stimuli.
  • 3. History: was conceptualized by Henry Murray and Christina Morgan on 1935. • Henry Murray – was born on May 13, 1893 into a wealthy family. – Has a good relationship with his father but poor one with his mother, that result him to feel depression.
  • 4.  Christina Morgan - Born in Boston on October 6, 1887 - Had a lot of health problems. - Drowned herself on March 14, 1967 at the Virgin Islands
  • 5. • Morgan – Murray Thematic apperception Test – the original name of the TAT but later on Murray is given primary credit for the test, along with the staff of Harvard Psychological Clinic. • 1938 the year that Tat was established in Harvard Psychological Clinic • Explorations in Personality in which the description of TAT was included.
  • 6. • Murray’s Theory of Personality The TAT is so integrally involved with Murray’s concept of personality that a survey and knowledge of his basic theoretical components is important. In constructing the theory, Murray emphasizes the biological basis as well as the social and environmental determinants of behavior. He is also consistently aware of how individuals interact with their environment.
  • 7. • 1960 – Mrs. Uma Coudhary developed Indian Adoption of TAT • Human Potential Movement – encouraged psychologists to use TAT to help their clients understand themselves better and stimulate personal growth.
  • 8. General Conditions: • to be administered in an interpersonal setting. • Indian version of TAT materials consists of 13 cards on which ambiguous pictures are presented. • During administration, the subject should be seated beside the examiner with his or her chair turned away
  • 9. Instructions: • The examiner will show some pictures one at a time, and the subject will be making up as dramatic a story as he/she can for each picture card. 50 minutes for 10 pictures. The following story structure must be obtained:
  • 10. a) current situation ; what is happening at the moment? b) thoughts and feelings of the character (s); what the characters are feeling and thinking? c) preceding events; what has led up to the event shown in the picture? d) outcome ; what was the outcome?
  • 11. Procedures: • TIME time measured should begin when the picture is first presented and end when the subject begins his or her story. • RECORDING a subject’s complete responses should be recorded, along with any noteworthy behavioral observations: exclamation, stuttering, pauses, blushing, degree of involvement , and change in voice inflection.
  • 12. • QUESTIONING and INQUIRY to produce an unhampered and free-flow of the subject’s fantasy material. • ORDER OF PRESENTATION usually, the cards should be administered according to their sequential numbering system.
  • 13. Scoring: The Psychological Corporation For each of the scoring categories, practitioners should abbreviate their observations about the person. In some sections, practitioners are asked to indicate the levels of importance or strength for the per by putting one check (mere presence of characteristics), two checks (moderate) or three checks (strong). The entire scoring and interpretation procedure typically takes a half-hour.
  • 14. • H.A Murray, 1943 scoring the TAT involves evaluating the following five different aspects of the stories:  The Hero. Scoring for the hero involves identifying who is central character(s) in the story  Need of the Hero. For Murray, it was also critical to identify the needs, motives and desire of the hero.  Identifying the presses. A press refer to any important environmental factor that may influence or interfere with the need of the hero. Example: (parents or boss), (the lock on the door is broken)
  • 15.  Scoring for themes. Scoring for themes in TAT stories involves noting the nature of the interplay and conflict between the needs and presses, the types of emotion elicited by this conflict, and the way the conflict is resolved.  Scoring for outcome. Scoring for the outcome of the story involves analyzing how the stories end by noting a happy versus unhappy ending and assessing the extent to which the ending is controlled by the strengths of the hero and forces in the environment.
  • 16. Interpretation: • Nomethetic and Idiogrphic. 1. Nomothethic Interpretation refers to the practice of establishing norms for answer from subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or educational level groups and then measuring a given subject’s responses against those norms. 2. Idiographic Interpretation refers to evaluating the unique features of the subject’s view of the world and relationships. Most psychologists would classify the TAT is better suited to idiographic than nomothethic interpretations
  • 17. • In interpreting the responses of the TAT, the examiners typically focus their attention on one of the three (3) areas: •The content of the stories that the subject tells; •The feeling or the tone of the stories; •The subject’s behavior apart from responses. These behavior may include: Verbal Remarks (e.g. comments about feeling stressed by situation or not being good story teller) as well as Nonverbal Actions or Signs (e.g. blushing stammering, fidgeting in the chair, difficulties making an eye contact with the examiner, etc.)
  • 18. • The story content usually reveals the subject’s attitudes, fantasies, wishes, inner conflicts, and view of the outside world. • The story structure typically reflects the subject’s feelings, assumptions about the world, and an underlying attitude of optimism or pessimism.
  • 19. The 3 Levels of Interpretations suggest by Bellak & Abram, 1997 are: •Descriptive Level- it is the mere repeat of the story •Interpretative Level- It extends the descriptive level by an alteration of it [if one does the X, then the outcome will be Y.]. •Diagnostic Level- It is the further extension I that an interference is made about the client.
  • 20. • In Example Given: PICTURE 1 – Descriptive level (the boy is practicing to increase his competence.) – Interpretative level (If one practice, then he or she will improve.) – Diagnostic level (The client has a high need for achievement with a high level of self- efficacy.
  • 21. Results: • The results of the TAT must be interpreted in the context of the subject’s personal history, age, sex, level of education, occupation, racial or ethnic identification first language, and other characteristics that may be important.
  • 22. • The results of the Thematic Apperception Test are difficult to generalize. The results are often subjective and do not use any formal type of scoring system. However, a close analysis of the stories told by the subject normally gives the tester a decent idea of the traits mentioned above (personality, emotional control, and attitudes towards aspects of everyday life).
  • 23. – Thematic Apperception Tests are less beneficial to individuals. However, individuals can use the results to determine if an industry or company is right for them. The results can also help the person understand their unconscious self, which can help them find ways to successfully increase their productivity and efficacy on the job. A true understanding of one self can provide over your co-workers and competitors.
  • 24. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Picture 1: A boy is sitting and looking at a Tanpura placed in front of him.
  • 25. Personality characteristics • As per description of the subject following traits may be traced – Creativity – Imagination ability
  • 26. Picture 2 : Country scene with a woman working in the foreground. In the background, a man is working in a field while a woman watches.
  • 27. General Discussion This is the card in the series that presents the group scene and gives information relating to how the individual deals with the challenge of people living together.
  • 28. Personality characteristics • As per description of the subject following traits may be traced – Imagination power – Nature loving – Aesthetic sense – Attitude towards life of different workers
  • 29. Picture 3: : An older man is looking at a younger man.
  • 30. General Discussion • This card is extremely useful in obtaining information about the authority figures and, more specifically the subjects own father. The picture deals with hierarchical Personal relationships and usually takes the form of an older, more experienced man interacting with the younger, less experienced one.. Thus, the card can clearly show how the subject deals with external demands and attitudes toward authority.
  • 31. Picture 4 : A young girl is seated on a couch and is holding a doll in her hands. Behind her is an older woman.
  • 32. General Discussion The intention here is to bring out the style and manner of mother-child interaction. When the older women are the subjects, the picture often elicits feelings and attitudes toward children. Because both figures are looking away, either figure is sometimes perceived as rejecting the other. This, the card draws out negative feeling and interactions, and it is important to note how these feelings are resolved, expressed, or avoided. Sometimes the older woman is described as reading a fairy story to the younger girl.
  • 33. Picture 5 : A woman is standing in front of of a man .
  • 34. General Discussion • This picture typically elicits a good deal of information relating to the feelings and attitudes surrounding male-female relationship.
  • 35. Personality characteristics • Attitude towards male – female relationship • Attitude of male towards female and vice versa • Capacity for mutual respect
  • 36. Picture 6 : An woman is standing in front of a man in opposite face
  • 37. • Attitude towards male – female relationship • Information about Emotional aspects • Information about Social relationship
  • 38. Picture 7 : A woman has her hands around the throat of another woman. In the background is a flight of stairs.
  • 39. General Discussion The manner in which the subject handles aggressive, hostile relationships with the other women is primary type of information this picture elicits. Particular note should be made of what types of events trigger this aggressiveness, and of the manner in which the conflict is or is not resolved
  • 40. Picture 8 : A beautiful scenario of the village. No human figures are present.
  • 41. • The picture is describing the nature and so it is good test of the subjects’ imaginative abilities.
  • 42. Picture 9 : One person is holding his or her head against another person’s shoulder. One woman is looking from window.
  • 43. Picture 10 One Young man is a close relation with one women. Another woman watching this.
  • 44. General Discussion • This card often gives useful information regarding how the subject perceives male-female relationship, particularly those involving some degree of closeness and intimacy. It might be helpful to notice the relative degree of comfort or discomfort evoked by emotional closeness. A story of departure or of termination of the relationship may be reflective of either overt or denied hostility on the part of the subject.
  • 45. General Discussion • These card also deals with female peer relations and is important in elaborating on the issues such as conflict resolution, jealousy, sibling rivalry, and competitiveness.
  • 46. Picture 11 : A Woman in front of a broken house
  • 47. General Discussion The picture often elicits information regarding a subject’s attitudes toward loneliness, darkness, and uncertainty. Fears may be stated explicitly through gangster stories. As with Picture, the method of handling these fears and the examinee’s response to physical danger should be noted.
  • 48. General Discussion • With suicidal or depressed subjects, there may be an elaboration of feelings of abandonment and isolation), for example: someone has been lost or has been fallen from a boat. More stable and adjusted subjects are likely to discuss the peace of being alone in the woods and perhaps of fishing or having gone fishing further down the stream.
  • 49. Picture 12 : A young man is standing in the foreground with his head in his arms. In the background is a woman lying in a bed.
  • 50. General Discussion This picture is often helpful in revealing sexual conflicts. In a general way, it provides information on the subject’s attitudes and feelings toward his or her partner, in particularly attitudes just before and immediately following the sexual relation. Stories in which there are overt expressions of aggression or revulsion are significant variations and should be noted as relatively unusual. In particular, the relation between a subject’s aggressive and sexual feelings is frequently portrayed.
  • 51. Picture 13 : A person is standing against a window.
  • 52. General Discussion • If a subject’s presenting problem is depression, especially if there is evidence of suicidal ideation, this card along with Picture . This type of subject often describes the figure in the picture and, more importantly discusses the events, feeling, and attitudes that led up to the current self-destructive behavior. It becomes important to investigate, during the inquiry phase of examination, the particular methods and styles of problem solving that the story character has attempted or is attempting This picture may also reveal the subject’s aesthetics interest and personal philosophical beliefs or wish fulfillments.