2. Objectives
• What is gestational trophoblastic
diseases?
• Classification of gestational
trophoblastic diseases.
• Clinical picture, signs symptoms.
• Diagnosis, treatment of is gestational
trophoblastic diseases.
3. Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases
• Gestational trophoblastic
diseases represent a
unique spectrum of
tumors and tumor like
conditions characterized
by proliferation of placenta
tissue either villous or
trophoblastic.
4. • the incidence of GTD varies
greatly between different
parts of the world.
• The reported incidence of
hydatidiform mole ranges
from 23 to 1299 cases per
100,000 pregnancies.
Epidemiology
5. Predisposing Factors:-
• Age below 15 and above 40 years.
• Previous History of hydatidiform mole
• Previous Miscarriage
• Excessive smoking
• Reduced B carotene intake
8. Hydatidiform Mole ( Molar
Pregnancy)
• It is an abnormal
pregnancies in which
chorionic villi become over
distended with fluid and
form grape like vesicle
which vary in size from few
millimeters to few
centimeters.
10. Complete Mole
• An abnormal pregnancy which consists of
placental tissue only and there is no embryo
in it.
Pronounced trophoblastic hyperplasia
having both cytotrophoblastic and synctial
elements.
11. Etiology: complete mole
• It develops when
either 1 or 2 sperm
cells fertilize an
“empty” egg cell
empty-means no
DNA. All genetic
material came from
the sperm cell
13. Partial mole
• In this form the embryo or fetus coexist with
placenta abnormality through it tends to die
at an early cystitis.
• In abnormal parts of placenta the hyperplasia
only involve synctiotrophoblast.
14. Partial mole: etiology
2 sperms fertilize a
normal egg.
Or a sperm that has
failed to undergo
meiotic division fertilize
normal egg.
15. Clinical Features: SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms of early pregnancy:- Patients
history of amenorrhea usually for 4-6 months.
.
16. Clinical presentation
• Vaginal Bleeding:- Patient complains of
recurrent vaginal bleeding something there is
history of brownish vaginal discharge.
Bleeding usually starts is 3rd or 4th months of
pregnancy.
17. • Absence of Quickening:- Fetal movements
are never felt except in partial mole.
18. Clinical features: SIGNS
1. Size of uterus:- In most cases the size of
uterus is excessively larger than expected for
duration of amenorrhea.
2. Absence of uterus Contractions:- In molar
pregnancy the uterus feels doughy and does
not contract.
19. 3.Bilateral ovarian enlargement:- In 25% cases
bilateral ovarian enlargement palpable.
4.Absence of Foetal Part:- Foetal part not
palpable and feotal heart is absent.
5.Pre eclampcia:- In 50% case signs of
preeclampsia especially in first half of
pregnancy.
20. DIAGNOSIS
• Ultrasonography: Snow storm appearance on
ultrasound.
• Beta HCG level:- HCG ideal marker for diagnosis
of gestational trophoblastic disease. Hcg is
produced by synctiotrophoblast cell of placenta.
In normal pregnancy its max amount is produced
at 8-10 weeks and after it falls..
• In molar pregnancy it is produced in very large
amount and its serum and urine level continue to
risk beyond 12 weeks of amenorrhea.
21. • Pre Treatment Investigations:-
Include:-
• Hb estimation diagnosis of anemia.
• Blood grouping and cross matching for
transfusion.
• X.ray chest To rule out primary
metastasis.
• T3 and T4 estimates. When thyrotoxicosis is
expected.
22. Treatment
• The aim of treatment is to remove
trophoblastic tissue from uterus and eliminate
it from other body system.
23. Evacuation of H Mole
1. Suction Curettage.
Method of choice for evacuation of H mole
under 16 weeks of gestation
• After General Anesthetic → cervix is dilated to
size of 12mm.
• Suction curette is introduced →
• A negative pressure of 60-70 cm H2O is
created and suction preformed
24. • while all mole
tissue is aspirated
→ when uterus
has firmly
contracted, gentle
curettage is
performed →
and curetting sent
for
histopathology.
25. Invasive Mole :
• Its is a complication of hydatidiform mole but
may rarely develop after partial mole. Invasive
mole may metastasize to any part of body but
commonly involves lungs.
26. Choriocarcinoma :
• It is rapidly
progressive , highly
malignant tumor
which originates
from chorionic
epithelium