Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to Embryology first year kemu guideline
Similar to Embryology first year kemu guideline (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Embryology first year kemu guideline
- 1. EMBRYOLOGY FOR FIRST YEAR MBBS MUHAMMAD UBAIDULLAH ARSHAD King Edward Medical University, Lahore
- 3. Page 2 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk CONTENTS oGeneral Instructions oChapter wise Guidelines oClinicals oHandmade Diagrams oTable of Specification oImportant Questions
- 4. Page 3 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk GERNERAL INSTRUCTIONS • Recommended books are. ➢ The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology [Keith L. Moore]. ➢ Langman's Medical Embryology. • There is no need to do molecular embryology of any kind. In KLM molecular embryology is written in ITALICS (e.g. HOX gene causes development of....) • Diagrammatic representations and flowcharts are very important for written paper. • Clinical Anomalies related to all topics are also very important. • In First year MBBS only General embryology is included Special Embryology is a part of Second year MBBS. • Most of the guidelines are according to KLM embryology only Important topics from Langman’s embryology will be mentioned.
- 5. Page 4 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk CHAPTER WISE GUIDELINES Chapter Number Title 1 Introduction to Human Development 2 First week of Human Development 3 Second week of Human Development 4 Third Week of Human Development 5 Four-Eight Weeks of Human Development 6 Fetal Period: Ninth Week to Birth 7 Placenta and Fetal Membranes 20 Human Birth Defects
- 6. Page 5 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT • Different developmental periods
- 7. Page 6 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk First week of Human Development • Gametogenesis • Meiosis • Outcomes of Meiosis • Spermatogenesis • Oogenesis • Spermiogenesis and its stages (langman) • Normal structure of Sperm & Egg • Anomalies of sperm and egg • Female reproductive Cycles ➢ Ovarian Cycles and its stages ➢ Menstrual Cycle and Its stages • Transport of Gametes • Maturation of sperms ➢ Capacitation Reaction ➢ Acrosomal reaction
- 8. Page 7 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk • Viability of Gametes • Fertilization ➢ Definition ➢ Phases ➢ Outcomes • Cleavage of Zygote • Formation of Blastocyst • Implantation
- 9. Page 8 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Second week of Human Development • Also Called as Week of twos • Completion of Implantation • Development of Cavities • Fluid filled Vs Non-filled Cavities • Decidual Reaction • Formation of Secondary Umbilical Vesicle • Formation of Bilaminar Disc • Development of Chorionic Sac • Origin of embryonic tissue • Implantation Sites ➢Normal ➢Abnormal sites
- 10. Page 9 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Third week of Human Development • Gastrulation • Development of Primitive Streak ➢Development ➢Fate • Notochord ➢Development ➢Functions ➢Fates • Neurulation ➢Process ➢Neural Crest Formation ➢Derivatives of Neural Ectoderm ➢Derivatives of Neural Crest Cells • Somitogenesis (Langman) • Development of Intraembryonic Coelom • Development of Chorionic Villi
- 11. Page 10 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Four-Eight weeks of Human Development • Folding of Embryo ➢Folding in median plane /longitudinal Folding ➢Folding in horizontal plane/Lateral Folding • Germ Layer Derivatives • Scalp Vascular plexuses is formed during the 8th week of development
- 12. Page 11 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Nine week to Birth • Nagele’s Rule • Estimation of Fetal Age • Procedures for Assessing Fetal status ➢Ultrasound ➢Diagnostic Amniocentesis ➢Alpha-fetoprotein Assay ➢Fetoscopy ➢Chorionic Villus Sampling
- 13. Page 12 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Placenta and Fetal Membranes • Placenta ➢ Decidua and its types ➢ Development of Fetal part of placenta ➢ Development of Maternal part of placenta • Placental Circulation ➢ Maternal ➢ Fetal • Placental Membranes/Barrier ➢ Before 20th week ➢ After 20th week • Functions of Placenta
- 14. Page 13 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk • Types of Placenta ➢ Previa ➢ Increta ➢ Accrete ➢ Percreta ➢ Horseshoe placenta ➢ Battledore Placenta ➢ Complications • Umbilical Cord ➢ Development ➢ Contents ➢ Wharton Jelly ➢ Complications • Parturition and Its Stages
- 15. Page 14 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk • Amnion and Amniotic Fluid ➢ Development of Amnion ➢ Formation of Amniotic fluid ➢ Circulation of Amniotic Fluid ➢ Composition of Amniotic Fluid ➢ Significance of Amniotic fluid ➢ Anomalies associated • Umbilical Vesicle ➢ Formation ➢ Significance ➢ Fate • Allantois ➢ Formation ➢ Fate
- 16. Page 15 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk • Multiple Pregnancies ➢ Types ➢ Monozygotic Twins and its types ➢ Dizygotic Twins and Its types ➢ Conjoined Monozygotic Twins and Its Types ➢ Siamese Twins (Langman) ➢ Sorosoral Twins • Neonatal Period
- 17. Page 16 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Human Birth Defects • Teratology ➢Definition ➢Causes of Birth Defects ➢Teratogen ➢Types of Teratogen ➢Organogenetic period • Fetal alcohol Syndrome • Aneuploidy Vs polyploidy • Features of Turner Syndrome • Features of Klinefelter Syndrome • Features of Edward Syndrome • Features of Down Syndrome • Features of Jacob Syndrome • Features of Patau Syndrome
- 18. Page 17 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk • VACTERAL Syndrome • Glossary of Teratogenic Terms ➢ Malformation ➢ Disruption ➢ Deformation ➢ Dysplasia ➢ Sequence ➢ Syndrome ➢ Association ➢ Field defect
- 19. Page 18 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Clinicals • Abnormal Gametogenesis • Mittelschmerz • Anovulation • Assisted Reproductive Technologies • Extra-Uterine Implantations • Abortion and Its Types • Inhibition of Implantation • Sacrococcygeal Teratoma • Chordomas • Allantois Cyst • Abnormalities of Neurulation ➢ Anencephaly ➢ Spina Bifida Cystica ➢ Spina Bifida occulta • Abnormal Growth of Trophoblast • Estimation of Embryonic age
- 20. Page 19 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk • Post-maturity Syndrome • Diagnostic Importance of ➢ Ultrasound ➢ Amniocentesis ➢ Alpha-fetoprotein assay ➢ Chorionic villus sampling ➢ Fetoscopy • Hemolytic Disease of Newborn • Gastroschisis • Omphalocele • Twin-Twin Transfusion syndrome • Placental Abnormalities • Amniotic Band Syndrome • Preeclampsia and Eclampsia • Gestational Choriocarcinoma • Abnormalities of Umbilical Vessels • Disorders of Amniotic Fluid formation • Vasa previa • Superfecundation • Superfetation
- 23. Page 22 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Table of Specification TOPICS MCQS SEQS Reproduction of cell, Gametogenesis 1 Fertilization, Development 1-2 weeks 1 1 Development 3-4 weeks 1 Medical Genetics, Birth Defects 1 Placenta and Fetal Membranes 1 Organogenetic Fetal Period 1
- 24. Page 23 03130580487 m.ubaidullah1030@kemu.edu.pk Important Questions • Define neurulation. Describe its steps • Define fertilization. Describe its stages • Why 2nd week is called week of twos • Why 3rd week is called week of threes • Describe formation of cavities during third week • What is chorion? What are different types? How does it contribute to placenta formation • Define placenta previa • Name various fluid filled cavities during 2nd week describe development of secondary umbilical vesicle. • What is cryopreservation of embryo and what is ectopic pregnancy • Enlist any 10 derivatives of neural crest cells • What is karyotype and characteristic pattern of Edward syndrome • What are Siamese twins • Compare and Contrast Gametogenesis and Oogenesis • Describe the process of Somitogenesis • Define Gestational sac. Give its formation • Describe formation, circulation, and Significance of Amniotic fluid • Give formation of Maternal and Fetal past of placenta • Define Decidua and Give its types • Describe longitudinal and Lateral folding of embryo • Gove development of Primitive streak • Describe process of neurulation • Give development, functions, and fate of Notochord • Differentiate between monozygotic and dizygotic twins • Draw and label Tertiary chorionic villus and Blastocyst • Describe the process of Spermiogenesis • Define teratogen and give examples • Describe different chromosomal abnormalities