The document discusses the project life cycle and its phases. It begins by introducing systems development cycles and how projects fit within the first three phases of conception, definition, and execution. It then describes the typical phases a project passes through as initiation, planning, execution, monitoring/controlling, and closing. Finally, it explains the significance of segmenting projects into phases and how it allows for management of work, resources, deliverables, costs, and risks throughout the project.

1. Project Development Cycle
project life cycle

2. System Development Cycle -
Introduction
 Systems are dynamic—they change over
time. Using systems terminology, we say that
the state of the system is in flux.
 The flux in system properties is definitely not
random; it tends to follow a distinct pattern
that is repeated again and again.
 life cycle of living organisms—birth, growth,
maturity , decline, and death, have similarity
with the life cycles of virtually all human-
made products and organizations.
Recognizing this is important because it
enables us to create systems, anticipate and
guide their actions, and plan appropriately for
them.

3. Systems Development Cycle
 The life cycle of a human-made system can
be segmented into a logical series of phases
or stages, each representative of the types of
tasks or activities typically conducted during
some period in the life of the system.
 The normative four-phase
sequence(1.Conception phase, 2. Definition
phase, 3. Execution phase ,4. Operation
phase), called the systems development
cycle, encompasses the total developmental
life cycle of systems.
 The phases overlap and interact, yet are
clearly differentiable.

4. Systems Development Cycle

5. Project Development Cycle
 A project typically spans Phases A through C,
the conception, definition and execution
phases of the cycle.
 In that context, a project can be thought of as
an organization that exists to develop a
system, and the project life cycle as being the
first three phases of the systems
development cycle.
 When Phase C is terminated upon
implementation of the system, so is the
project. At that time the system transits from
being the end result of a project to being an
operational entity.

6. Project Development Cycle - Introductio
 Projects are undertaken for the
purpose of developing systems—
either to create new ones or improve
existing ones.
 The natural life cycle of systems gives
rise to a similar life cycle in projects
called the project life cycle.

7. Introduction to project life cycle
 Projects follow a logical sequence of
phases to completion.
 Phases are typically different from project
to project since the project work will differ
from one to the next.
 The point of segmenting projects into
phases is to allow for smaller, manageable
sections, and to provide deliverables in
support of the ongoing operations.

8. Introduction to project life cycle
 The five sequential phases in time
through which any project passes:
Concept, Planning, Initiation,
Implementation, and Closeout.
 These phases comprise activities,
tasks, and subtasks.
 The collection of the project phases,
as a whole, is known as the project
life cycle.

9. Project Life Cycle
 A project life cycle is a collection of project
phases that defines:
◦ What work will be performed in each phase
◦ What deliverables will be produced and when
◦ Who is involved in each phase
◦ How management will control and approve
work produced in each phase
 A deliverable is a product or service produced
or provided as part of a project
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10. Project Management Life
Cycle.
 The process each manager follows
during the life of a project is called the
Project Management Life Cycle.
 A proven methodical life cycle is
necessary to repeatedly implement
and manage projects successfully

11. project life cycle

12. Phases of Project Life Cycle
 Initiating :The project is authorized.
 Planning :Project objectives are determined,
as well as how to reach those objectives with
the given constraints.
 Executing :The project is executed utilizing
acquired resources.
 Monitoring and controlling :Project
performance is monitored and measured to
ensure the project plan is being implemented
to design specifications and requirements.
 Closing :The project, its phases, and
contracts are brought to a formal end.

14. Significance
Project life cycle allow a project
manager to determine several things
about the project, such as:
■ What work will be completed in each phase
of the project?
■ What resources, people, equipment, and
facilities will be needed within each phase?
■ What are the expected deliverables of each
phase?
■ What is the expected cost to complete a
project phase?
■ Which phases contain the highest amount of
risk?

15. Significance
 Project life cycles define the beginning, middle, and
end of a project.
 Projects have a greater risk and uncertainty in the
early phases of the project life cycle than near
their end.
 The project is also most susceptible to change,
failure, and stakeholder influences at the beginning
of the life cycle than near its end.
 In tandem, project costs and demand for resources
are generally low at the beginning of the project,
have a tendency to peak near the end of the
project work, and then diminish.

16. More on Project Phases
 In early phases of a project life cycle:
◦ Resource needs are usually lowest
◦ The level of uncertainty (risk) is highest
◦ Project stakeholders have the greatest opportunity to
influence the project
 In middle phases of a project life cycle:
◦ The certainty of completing a project improves
◦ More resources are needed
 The final phase of a project life cycle focuses on:
◦ Ensuring that project requirements were met
◦ The sponsor approves completion of the project
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17. Phases of the Traditional
Project Life Cycle
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18. Phases of the Traditional
Project Life Cycle
 Concept phase – managers briefly describe the
project
◦ Develop a very high-level or summary plan for the project
describing the need for the project and basic underlying
concepts
◦ Rough cost estimate is developed and an overview of the
work involved is created
◦ A work breakdown structure (WBS) outlines project work
by decomposing the work activities into different levels of
tasks
 The WBS is a deliverable-oriented document that
defines the total scope of the project
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19. Phases of the Traditional
Project Life Cycle
 Development phase – project team creates more
detailed project management plans, a more
accurate cost estimate and a more thorough WBS
◦ If the concept phase suggested that laptops were
one means of increasing the use of technology on
campus, then further study would be required in this
phase to determine buy/lease, type of hardware and
software, how much to charge students, how to
handle training and maintenance, etc.
◦ If the concept phase suggested that laptops were
not the way to go, the project would have been
cancelled at that point thereby saving time and
money
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20. Phases of the Traditional
Project Life Cycle
 Implementation– project team creates a very
accurate cost estimate, delivers the required
work and provides performance reports to
stakeholders
 Close-out – all the work is completed, customer
acceptance of the entire project
◦ Project team should document their
experiences on the project
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21. The Importance of Project Phases
and Management Reviews
 A project should successfully pass through each of
the project phases in order to continue on to the
next
 Management reviews, also called phase exits or
kill points, should occur after each phase to
evaluate the project’s progress, likely success,
and continued compatibility with organizational
goals
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