PHOBIA

1. BY
ARUN M
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
KVM COLLEGE OF NURSING

2. PHOBIAS
DEFINITION
“Phobia is defined as a persistant
avoidance behavior secondary to
irrational fear of a specific object,
activity or situation”.

3. PHOBIAS
DEFINITION
Phobia refers to an excessive
irrational fear of a specific object,
circumstance, or situation

4. Phobia
Fear cued by the presence or
anticipation of a specific object or
situation, exposure to which almost
invariably provokes an immediate anxiety
response or panic attack even though the
subject recognizes that the fear is
excessive or unreasonable.

6. CLASSIGFICATION
Agoraphobia
Social Phobia
Specific Phobia
Other phobic anxiety disorder
Phobic anxiety disorder, unspecified

7. PRE DISPOSING FACTORS OF PHOBIA
Psycho analytical theory
Freud believed that phobias develop when a child
experiences normal incestuous feelings toward the
opposite-sex parent (Oedipal/Electra complex) and fears
aggression from the same-sex parent (castration
anxiety). To protect themselves, these children repress
this fear of hostility from the same-sex parent, and
displace it onto something safer and more neutral, which
becomes the phobic stimulus.

8. Learning theory
Classic conditioning in the case of phobias
may be explained as follows: a stressful stimulus
produces an “unconditioned” response of fear.
When the stressful stimulus is repeatedly paired
with a harmless object, eventually the harmless
object alone produces a conditioned
response fear.
Phobias also may be acquired by direct
learning or imitation (modeling)

9. Cognitive theory
Cognitive theorists believe that some
individuals engage in negative and irrational
thinking that produces anxiety reactions. The
individual begins to seek out avoidance
behaviours to prevent the anxiety reactions,
and phobias result.

10. BIOLOGICALASPECTS
•Temperament
•Life experience

12. Clinical features
The fear is out of proportion to the demands of
the situation
It cannot be explained or reasoned away
It is beyond voluntary control
The fear leads to an avoidance of the feared
situation

13. • Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost
invariably provokes an immediate anxiety
response, which may take the form of a
situationally bound or situationally predisposed
panic attack.
• The person recognizes that the fear is excessive
or unreasonable.
• The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is
endured with intense anxiety or distress.

15. TYPES
SIMPLE PHOBIA ( SPECIFIC PHOBIA )
It is the irrational fear of a specific object or
stimulus
• Commonly seen in children
• Exposure to phobic object result in panic
attacks.

16. TERMS
• Ailurophobia Cats
•
• Algophobia Pain
•
• Anthophobia Flowers

17. Anthropophobia People
Aquaphobia Water
Arachnophobia Spiders
Astraphobia Lightning

18. • Belonephobia Needles
• Brontophobia Thunder
•
• Claustrophobia Closed spaces
• Cynophobia Dogs

19. Dementophobia Insanity
Equinophobia Horses
Gamophobia Marriage
Herpetophobia Lizards, reptiles
Homophobia Homosexuality

20. Murophobia Mice
Mysophobia Dirt, germs, contamination
Numerophobia Numbers
Nyctophobia Darkness

21. Ochophobia Riding in a car
Ophidiophobia Snakes
Pyrophobia Fire
Scoleciphobia Worms

22. Siderodromophobia Railroads or
train travel
Taphophobia Being
buried alive
Thanatophobia Death

23. • Trichophobia Hair
• Xenophobia Strangers
• Zoophobia Animals

25. Social Phobia
• It is an irrational fear of performing activities
in the presence of other people or interacting
with others.
• Afraid that his own actions viewed by others
critically, resulting in humiliation.

26. Agoraphobia
It is characterized by an irrational fear of
being in places away from the familiar setting
of home , in crowds , or the situations in
which the patient cannot leave easily.

27. Course
• Phobia are more common in women .
• Onset is sudden without any cause
• The course is usually chronic.

28. MANAGEMENT
Supportive therapy
 Individual psychotherapy

29. Behavioral therapy
osystemic desensitization
oimplosion therapy(flooding)
Regroup/family therapy

31. PHARMACOLOGICAL
MANAGEMENT
Anxiolitics -benzodiazepines
Antihypertensive agents- The beta-
blockers, propranolol and atenolol, have been
tried with success in clients experiencing
anticipatory performance anxiety or “stage
fright”

32. • Antidepressants - tricyclic imipramine and the
monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor
phenelzine have been effective in diminishing
symptoms of agoraphobia and social phobia
and the SSRIs have become the first-line
treatment of choice for social phobia

33. NSG DIAGNOSIS
• Fear related to causing embarrassment to self in
.front of others; to being in a place from which
one is unable to escape; or to a specific stimulus,
evidenced by behavior directed toward avoidance
of the feared object or situation.
• Social isolation related to fears of being in a place
from which one is unable to escape, evidenced by
staying alone, refusing to leave room or home.