Complete presentation about gamete transport in male and female animal reproductive tract and fertilization

1. By: Dr. Arshaq Asfar

3. Oklahoma State University,2001

4.  Haploid sex cell (egg or sperm) which contains a single
copy of each chromosome.
(Cumulus oophorus)

6. Contd...

7.  Spermatozoa produced in testes in the seminiferous
tubules.(Spermatogonia- Mitosis: spermatocytes,
Meiosis: spermatids, Spermiogenesis )
 From seminiferous tubules sperms are passed to
afferent ducts.
 Afferent ducts pass the sperm to rete testes.
 From rete testes sperm leave the testes by efferent
ducts.
 Efferent ducts deliver the sperm to the Epididymis-
Caput, Corpus and Cauda.

8. Caput: Fluid concentration & Ist stage maturation.
Corpus: Maturation completed.
Cauda: Storage and Ejaculation (muscle layer)
(Setchell & Brooks,1988)

9. Contd... Dacheux & Paquignon,1980

10.  Epididymis pass the sperms to the Vasa Deferentia.
 From vasa deferentia sperms are passed to Ampulla.
 Ampulla to Urethra.
Accessory glands of male reproductive system:
 Seminal vesicles
 Prostate gland
 Bulbourethral glands
(F.H.Martini,2002)

11.  Ovulation (release of ova) occurs at any point of ovary
except mare (ovulatory fossa) by rupture of graffian
follicle.
 FSH causes follicle growth.
 At the begining of estrus Progesterone levels fall to
minimum.
 Estradiol reaches its highest cyclic values.
 LH surge occurs prior to ovulation leads to ovulation.
(Hafez & Hafez,2000)

14.  Egg pick up- oviduct curls over ovary to facilitate egg
pickup by mucosal folds of fimbriae.
 Ovum protrudes at the ovarian surface and is swept into
the ostium of the oviduct by the action of motile
kinocilia of the fimbriae.
 Ova reaches to ampullary-isthmic junction.

15.  Spermatozoa deposited in female tract.
 Survival time- 20-48hrs
 Gamete transport due to inherent contractility of the
female tract modified by CNS reflexes and hormones.
 3 stages:
i) Short,rapid sperm transport (2-30min)
ii) Colonization of reserviors (cervical crypts)
iii) Slow, prolonged release.
 Sperm loss:
i) Retrograde loss.
ii) Phagocytosis and Acidic environment (pH-4).
(Hafez & Hafez,2000)

16. (Blandau & Harper,1988)

17.  Cervix: sperm reservoir,protection from phagocytosis,
filters defective and immobile sperms, provides sperm
energy requirements. (J.R.Fertil,1973)
 Uterus: Contractility of myometrium
 Oviduct: Peristalsis & antiperistalsis, fluid currents &
counter currents by ciliary action.

18.  Ovum in metaphase-II of 2nd meiotic division when
ovulated (except dog). (King et al.,1987)
 Sperm maturation:
i) Capacitation
*No change in sperm morphology
*Motility change (hyperactivation)
ii)Acrosome reaction (Chang & Austin,1951)

19. Capacitation process includes:
(1) Removal of glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma
proteins from surface.
(2) Alteration in the flagellar motility that are necessary to
penetrate the zona pellucida.
(3) Development of the capacity to fuse with the plasma
membrane of the oocyte.

20. cAMP
Power output

21.  Fertilization include:
i) Sperm migration between cumulus cells.
ii) Sperm attachment and migration through zona
pellucida.
iii) Fusion of sperm & ovum plasma membranes.
(Hafez & Hafez,2000)

23. (Merriam & Webster,2006)

26. Parameter Cattle Horse Sheep Swine
2 Cell (days) 1 1 1 0.6-0.8
4 Cell (days) 1.5 1.5 1.3 1
8 Cell (days) 3 3 1.5 2.5
Blastocyst
transport to
uterus (Days)
3-4 5.5-6 2.5-3 2
Early embryonic development
(Hafez & Hafez,2000)