The document discusses teaching and learning methods. It states that teaching is an art that requires expertise in the subject, language skills, and the ability to communicate. Effective teaching methods take into account that learning is individualized and facilitate the learning process. Communication is central to the teaching-learning method as both a means and an end of learning. Selection of an appropriate teaching method is essential to reach educational objectives. The document outlines different teaching methods including lectures, small group teaching, individualized learning, and their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes that there is no single best method and effective teachers combine multiple methods to achieve educational goals.
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Teaching and Learning Methods for Effective Education
1.
2. Is an art
Require 3 things
› EXPERTISE at the subject
› Grasp of the LANGUAGE
› Skills to COMMUNICATE
› Choose APPROPRIATE teaching aid
3.
4. Learning is a highly individualized process
depending on several factors
Efficient learning can therefore be facilitated
The role of teachers is to facilitate learning
5. Communication is central to T-L method both
as a means and end of learning
Learning to teach is as much a process of
learning as learning any other skill
There are many T-L methods
Selection of an appropriate teaching learning
method is essential to reach our educational
objective
6. Too much information
Too little time
Too many students
Exams that discourage real learning
7.
8.
9. • Encourages them to be ACTIVE
• Encourages OPENNESSof mind and trust in self
• Facilates DISCOVERY
• Makes people feel RESPECTED
• Recognises peoples right to MAKE MISTAKES
• Accept DIFFERENCES
13. LARGE GROUP TEACHING
SMALL GROUP TEACHING(group of 30 or
less)
INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING
14. LARGE GROUP
TEACHING
INDIVIDUALIZED
LEARNING
SMALL GROUP
TEACHING
LECTURES DIRECTED STUDY OF
TEXTS
GROUP DISCUSSIONS
FILM & VIDEO
PRESENTATIONS
SYMPOSIUM
PANEL DISCUSSION
FLIPPED CLASS
JIGSAW METHOD
PROBLEM BASED
LEARNING
READING
PROJECT WORK
SIMULATION
COUNSELLING
PRACTICAL/BEDSIDE
TEACHING
SEMINARS
TUTORIALS
DEMONSTRATIONS
ROLE PLAY
PROJECT WORK
SIMULATIONS
15.
16. Careful presentation of facts with organized
thoughts and ideas by a qualified person
Strive for 30% /70% split
30% lecture & 70% active discussion
17. Chalk & board
White board
Flip chart
Transparencies on overhead projector
Slide projector
Powerpoint presentation
Video on LCD panel
Virtual reality shows
18.
19. ADVANTAGES
• Economical
• Covers the whole topic
• Easy to plan in time
schedule
• Large material can be
imparted
DISADVANTAGES
• Passive way of
learning
• Teacher centric
• Does not cater to
learner needs
20.
21.
22. Plan the presentation –Rule of 30/70
Arrange materials in sequence
Teacher facing the students
Good illumination
Ensure clarity
Emphasize key points
Summarize
Feedback
23. Series of talks by experts on many
aspects of a topic under a chairperson
24.
25. ADVANTAGES
• Short speeches and
change of speakers
maintains interest
• Concise presentation
DISADVANTAGES
• Passive audience
• Less opportunity for
speakers to interact
• Formal atmosphere
26. A moderator with a team who hold an
orderly and a logical conversation on a
topic
28. GROUP DISCUSSION
SEMINAR
TUTORIAL
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
ROLE PLAY
SIMULATION
29.
30. Facilitator with a group of 10 -12 well read
students
Presentations made by predetermined
participants
Further active learning occurs during the
discussion
31. ADVANTAGES
• Authoritative guidance
by an expert
• Indepth discussion
• Informal
• Learners are active
participants
DISADVANTAGES
• Difficulty in getting the
resource person
• Not cost effective
• Requires interested
motivated participants
32. Small group of 10 -12 learners are guided by a
teacher to clear doubts and improve the
understanding
GROUP TUTORIAL: Teacher only guides the
group.More informal
33.
34. ADVANTAGES
• Ideal student teacher
ratio
• Active learning
• Opportunity to correct
mistakes
DISADVANTAGES
• Prior preparation by
the student is needed
35. Face to face interaction between members
of relatively small group
Group leader may be needed
It can be a
CONTROLLED GD
BUZZ GROUP
FREE GROUP DISCUSSION
BRAINSTORMING
36.
37. ADVANTAGES
• Democratic
• Learners
preparedness and
active participation
needed
• Synthesis of all T/L
methods(lectures,beds
ide teaching)
DISADVANTAGES
• Student teacher ratio
to be maintained
• Some may find it too
slow or too fast
38. Learning emanating from a clinically based
problem
It uses a clinical problem to stimulate discussion
& identify learning issues by the small group
Facilitates SDL
Relevance to clinical application is understood
Knowledge,skill & attitude is learnt
39.
40. Encourages self learning
Helps student to fill the gaps in knowledge
Development of skills like literature search
encouraged
Development of social skills
• Interaction in small groups
• Increases responsibility to self & others
• Make effective presentation
42. DEMONSTRATION
ROLE PLAY
WORKSHOP
BED SIDE TEACHING
STANDARDIZED PATIENTS
SIMULATORS
VIRTUAL REALITY
43.
44. A situation or environment created to
experience a representation of a real event for
practice,learning,evaluation and testing
Done in a realistic clinical situation
Patient safety ensured
Repetitive practice
Provides feedback
45.
46.
47.
48. NO SINGLE IDEAL METHOD FOR
TEACHING
AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER HAS TO
COMBINE ALL THE METHODS TO
ACHIEVE OUR
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE
HAPPY TEACHING
49. Q)Define & Classify & Describe the etiology
and pathophysiology of ANAEMIA.
A)LECTURE
55. Q.4)Discuss temporary methods of
contraception.
Indications,contraindications & adverse
effects of each.
Selection of patients.
Method of IUD insertion
LECTURE
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
DEMONSTRATING ON A MODEL
56.
57. Q.5)23 year old patient presented to the labour
room at 37 weeks of gestation with
unfavourable cervix.Decision for emergency
LSCS taken.
A)ROLE PLAY