Connotation In Le Message Photographique, By Roland Barthes

Connotation In Le Message Photographique, By Roland Barthes
In le message photographique ( Communications 1, 1961), roland barthes states that photography is a 'message without a code'.
According to him, the photographic image, as a reproduction of reality, functions, in a first and more fundamental level,
according to the regime of 'denotation'. The denotative impression that an image arouse, Barthes observes, is so intense to make
any description impossible considering that 'describing' an image means to add to the denoted message a 'codified' message of
second level: the verbal language. The denotation, however, does not exclude connotation, instead, it is exactly the paradox of
photography: the coexistence of two messages – one without a code, the other one codified. Connotation always has an
historical–cultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Apparently, none since the point that photography, by its nature, can't help to 'denote' the external world. Barthes, indeed,
defines photography as 'a message without a code'. However, is the same Barthes, in the la camera chiara, to clamorously deny
this theory admitting that he can't include in his book an old photo portraying his mother as a kid in a winter garden. Why he
refuses to include a picture that he could use to develop his reflections about the topic? Because, as he states, that photo exists
just for himself, for us 'would not be more than a random photo, one of the myriad representation of the ordinary; it cannot be
the visual object of a science, it cannot establish an objectivity', we can might be interest just from a cultural point of view:
epoch, clothes etc. He realises that his readers do not have the 'code' to interpret it in the right way. it becomes an allegory
because, even remaining a codified language ,it stop to be common property of a culture and it became an intimate language,
personal, that no one apart form the subject itself can
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The Role Of Technology In The Criminal Justice System
Technology in the criminal justice system has come a long way in the history of criminal justice. Technology has helped with
communication within the criminal justice system and has helped in criminal databases. In the criminal justice system there are
many forms of new technology that continues to arise each year in order help law enforcement agencies create a faster way in
receiving critical information needed to do their job.
StarChase Pursuit Management System, is one of today's new technologies being brought to law enforcement agencies. This
device is a compressed–air launcher, mounted in the grille of the police cruiser, which uses a laser to target the fleeing vehicle,
once the laser in locked on the fleeing vehicle it shoots a sticky tag that enables a GPS on to the suspect's vehicle allowing
police to monitor the location from a safe distance and still being able to remain unnoticed. This will allow the police to
apprehend the suspect in a less lethal environment by not putting danger on the road. However the use of GPS devices without a
warrant is currently under review by the U.S. Supreme Court. (Rivera, 2011).
Another great new technology being used in law enforcement is the Project54 Voice Command System. This system allows
officers to receive vehicle registration by verbal commands. (Rivera, 2011). Not only does the software allow registration
information to be pulled up but can also be used to operate functions inside the squad car such as turning on sirens

Automated Vehicle Identification And Parking System Essay
DECLARATION This is to certify that this Thesis/Report entitled Automated Vehicle Identification & Parking (A.V.I.P) which
is submitted by Soala Iniworikabo in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree for B.SC in Information
Technology to the Department of Computer Science, Baze University Abuja Nigeria comprises of only my original work and
due acknowledgment has been made in the text to other materials used. Date [Date Month Year] Name of student [Soala
Iniworikabo] APPROVED BY Dean Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this
Thesis/Report entitled Automated Vehicle Identification & Parking System (A.V.I.P), which is submitted by Soala Iniworikabo
in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree for B.Sc. in Information Technology to the Department of
Computer Science, Baze University Abuja, Nigeria is a record of the candidate's own work carried out by the candidate under
my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.
Date Supervisor: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DEDICATION ABSTRACT Table of Contents DECLARATION i CERTIFICATE
ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii DEDICATION iv ABSTRACT v Table of Contents vi TABLE OF TABLES vii TABLE OF
FIGURES vii

Border Security In Law Enforcement
officers more precise information regarding the individuals being held on illegal immigration charges. This system proved to be
very effective. Once the suspects are apprehended, immigration agents scanned images of all ten of the suspect's fingers. As
mentioned previously, the fingerprints are synchronized and compared to fingerprints in other systems that law enforcement use
worldwide. The system is capable of properly identifying an individual with outstanding warrants or a criminal history in a
matter of minutes. This system also proved to be extremely effective because it quickly identifies individuals with a high
likelihood of re–attempts at illegally crossing United States borders (Hilaj, 2016).
Automatic License Plate Recognition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United States border patrol also uses a form of the license plate identification system that is attached to patrol vehicles.
Unlike the stationary system, the patrol mounted vehicle does not require a sensor to activate the infrared cameras. The newly
designed mobile version is activated once the patrol vehicle is turned on. The system randomly scans license plates and is
capable of taking up to sixty pictures per second. Once the image is captured the process is comparable to the stationary system.
The license plate is input through a database of stolen license plates (Adams, 2017). This system is so advanced that it could
process the plates of over one hundred vehicles parked in lots while traveling over one hundred miles an hour. The system is
also capable of performing the same functions in complete darkness. The mobile version of the license plate recognition system
was accepted worldwide and is found on all border protection patrol vehicles nationwide.
Technology, Is it working?
The use of technology alongside the United States Border patrol has grown over several years. Many forms of technology have
been tested and some remain in use today to assist border agents with properly securing national borders. With this in mind, it is
very important to properly evaluate the use of technology to determine if it is, in fact, making the jobs of border patrol agents
easier. When evaluating the success of technology, it should be noted to

Persuasive Essay On Pros And Cons
There has always been an unofficial borderline between what is right and what is wrong in our society, especially when
concerning the rights of the average American citizen, are there things that conflict with the amendments or not? What do we
truly have a right to in our country as of today? There is known to be mass surveillance happening today and we don't have a say
in rather it's right or wrong or rather if we want it to continue, there are, of course, downsides and positives to such a thing like
mass surveillance, for example, it's easy to track down stolen vehicles if the situation ever arises. This mass surveillance occurs
within big private corporations who don't exactly have any set parameters for where they exactly tread too close to the privacy
of other people, which is where the problem lies. Individuals sometimes don't wish to be under surveillance due to past issues
that have occurred, such as someone in the Witness Protection Program, it is obvious that some people have to be exempt from
this mass surveillance. The two arguments presented are the collection of license plate numbers and mass surveillance harbored
by private corporations who operate on a daily basis. One argues that collecting license plate numbers is simply a collection of
public information, while the other states that these private corporations have no right to track the average citizen. So, where's
the line drawn, do they or do they not have a right to collecting this data about license

Technology And Technology
Today, there are so many new developments in technology around the world. This means that the places we work in are
changing as well. Things may be easier. As technology advances even more in the future, jobs may be more limited. People may
need higher education. We may not even need people to do the jobs anymore. Robots might be doing it all! Technology has
impacted engineering by creating Development Engineering that improves health care, education, and socioeconomic mobility.
Development engineers have invented an instrument called CellScope. CellScope is a toolkit that turns a cellphone into a
microscope or other diagnostic tool that can send images to hospital labs. Technology is improving computer systems that
engineers design buildings/ construction sites on. It is way easier for them to get exactly what people want. Drones are
becoming very favored throughout the construction area. Drones reduce the time and labor necessary for producing accurate
land surveys and getting important information in less time. They also reduce human error. Drones can improve the health and
safety of the workers by eliminating dangers and hazards. They also can protect construction sites from theft and vandalism.
Intel has created special drones for industrial purposes. Augmented Reality (AR) has allowed build information to be shared.
From this, we're able to be notified if the construction schedule may be affected and appropriate measures can be taken to avoid

Lego As A Plastic Injection Machine For Toy Production Essay
We all know the classic Legos bricks, but Lego has not always been this well–loved toy. Originally Lego was a carpentry
business in 1932. It created wooden toys such as a wooden duck. It's first construction toy was the Kirk's Sandgame (Lego,
2012).
By 1946 Lego was creating wooden bricks with decorations such as letters and figures. Following World War II plastics became
available in Denmark (Wikipedia, 2016). This same year Lego Group purchased its first plastic injection molding machine for
toy production (Hansen, 1982). The machine did not arrive until a year later (Lego, 2012). With the machine Lego started
building items such as a plastic fish, a plastic sailor, and the game Tiddlywinks (Lego, 2012). One of the first modular toys to be
produced was a truck that could be taken apart and re–assembled (Wikipedia, 2016). With the new machine Lego received
several sample parts showing its capabilities. Among these samples were Hilary Fisher Page's Kiddicraft Self–Locking Building
Brick (The Automatic Binding Brick, n.d.). From those samples Lego created its first Automatic Binding Brick with four and
eight studs (Lego, 2012). They had taken the Kiddicraft brick and modified it by straightening the round corners and converting
inches to cm and mm. The studs on the bricks were also flattened on top (The Automatic Binding Brick, n.d.). The Automatic
Binding Bricks were 2 × 2 and 2 × 4 bricks with 2 side slits and 2 × 2, 2 × 3 and 2 × 4 panel windows and 2 × 4 panel doors

Executive Systems Responsible for Visually Guided Movement
Land (2009) suggests that three executive systems are responsible for visually guided movements, namely gaze, vision and
action, and these are overseen by a fourth system labelled the schema system. Figure 2.12 is an illustration a particular model
that has been developed to explain visually guided movement in natural environments, so it is relevant to sport.
Figure 2.12 illustrates the relations of the schema, gaze, visual, a from nd motor systems during the performance of a visually
controlled action. (Adapted Land 2009:51–62).
The gaze system, consisting of the frontal eye fields is responsible for locating and fixating (targeting) task–relevant objects.
The visual system, located in the occipital lobe and much of the temporal lobe supplies information to the other two systems,
providing feedback as to what is being fixated and directional guidance to the motor system. In this way the eyes act to gather
the information necessary for successful performance (Land 2009). In line with this thinking it is generally accepted that eye
movements tend to precede motor actions by about one second, this is dependent on the specific task demands (Land &Furneaux
1997, Land 2009).
It has been identified that the first visible response in visually guided action is usually an eye movement corresponding to the
direction and location of some feature important for task execution. The eyes then fixate and

Police Technology Essay
Police Technology
CJA 214
October 9, 2010
Police Technology
Police officers use a wide range of technology to protect individuals. Technology also makes it easier to identify the perpetrators
of the crime committed. With modern day technology law enforcement can ensure a successful prosecution against those who
break the law. Catching criminals is not easy work and if technology is helping law enforcement and the community more
efficient and aware of the dangers in the city, town, or world why become upset about the technology officers have. If people
would take the time to understand the devices used by officer's maybe they would not feel so threatened by the officer and their
equipment. Most police forces try to obtain the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Technology is becoming so advance police officers do not need to be present to give someone a speeding ticket. The automatic
number plate recognition started with a bad reputation. People would complain that it was a waste of taxpayer money because
the camera took blurry photos. "Of course" over time the plate recognition improved and is good for stopping people from
speeding. Law enforcement even has video cameras at stoplights and of course people were complaining. Some people said the
government is trying to invade people's privacy and spy on everyone. If it were not for those cameras the little eight–year–old
girl that was taking from in front of her home last week would have probably been murdered. The video of the truck helped a
man identify the truck and rescue the little girl. Sometimes a written description just is not enough.
When the criminal is caught most of the time, they are going to tell a big fat lie. This is when police officers start to question and
interrogate the suspect. The technology they use to determine if the suspect is fibbing is called a polygraph (Foster, 2009). The
hit television show The first 48 show both interrogating and polygraph usage. The machine measures blood pressure, pulse,
breathing, skin conductivity during questioning, and body temperature (Foster, 2009). The needles Ink the paper and if the
suspect lies the polygraph goes crazy. However, it is not 100% trustworthy but with the advanced technology I have

Plate Recognition Essay
An Implementation of Fast and Efficient Real Time Indian Standard High Security Number Plates Recognition and Detection
System of Stolen Cars using RTOS
1Mukesh Singh Chandel, 2 Ms. Satya Verma
1M. Tech Scholar, 2 Head of Department
1Computer Science, 2Computer Science,
1MATS School of Engineering and IT, Aarang, Raipur (C.G.), India
2MATS School of Engineering and IT, Aarang, Raipur (C.G.), India
1mukesh.chandel08@gmail.com, 2satyaverma@matsuniversity.ac.in
Abstract–In India automatic Indian number plate detection and recognition system have the important role in modern travel and
traffic system. Its helps to monitoring the urban traffic and to recognition the automobile thefts. In this digital modern world
large number of vehicles, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
We see the number of vehicles around us in our daily life and everyone needs it but with the population increase, vehicles
increased last decades in large quantity. But it created disturbances to the human life such as huge traffic, large sound, crime
cases accidents, such as stealing of vehicles etc. and therefore we need management of vehicle. As a result, there is a lot of work
going on to improve the transportation of vehicles. Out of these, Indian car plate recognition system is the most attractive
research issue and this result manuscripts discusses some practical aspect of the recognizing number written on vehicle number
plate. A Vehicle Plate Recognition System is a tracking system that identifies the vehicle so that the car is tracked down through
our existing database. Each Number plates are unique for each vehicle, its takes the unique identification of each vehicle all over
country. So its need to be monitor and recognize. We can track number plates in two ways firstly manually and second is
automatically. In India traffic police noted manually the vehicle number plate. It is complex and not accurate reading. But
automatic number plate recognition is the fast and efficient based system. Its helps to track the maximum number of system at a
time with an accurate reading. Automatic number plate system uses the image

Designing A System Is Capable Of Tracking The Location Of...
Abstract– The aim of the project in designing a system which is capable of tracking the location of patients and also monitoring
of heart rate and health parameters also alerts in case of emergency through SMS to predefined number.This aims in design and
present the novel wearable system with the bio recognition sensors based on the GPS and GSM communication Network .In this
project sensors (3–axis accelerometer, temperature sensor, heartbeat sensor, humidity sensor, ECG sensor) added and located at
patient body for getting the postures information and activity by them always monitored. The system sends alert messages in
emergency times, project using ARM–7 LPC2148 microcontroller is an exclusive project that can monitor the health status of
the patient.
Keywords–GSM, GPS , Heart beat sensor,Temperature sensor,Microcontroller
I. INTRODUCTION
Now a day's technology is running with time, it completely occupied the life style of human beings. It is used everywhere in our
daily life to fulfill our requirements. In this project using advanced technology to sense serious health problems so that efficient
medical services are provided to the patient in appropriate time. In this project, a framework for the real–time monitoring of
wireless sensors. This is platform that requires minimum human interaction during set–up and monitoring. Its main components
includes sensors, to automatically set up the body area network, a mechanism for delivering data to the server, and

Essay On The Future Of Policing
The Future of Policing CJS/210 Michelle Cleveland
In the USA, the criminal justice policy has been guided by the 1967 President's Commission of the Law Enforcement and
Administration of Justice which issued a ground–breaking report "The Challenge of Crimes in a free society". This report made
more than 200 recommendations as part of a comprehensive approach which is toward the prevention and fighting of crime.
Some of the recommendations had found their way into the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The
Commission advocated a "systems" approach to the criminal justice. This approach improved coordination among the law ...
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Safety was created through this for officers. Mobile computing has also experienced a growth in the past couple of decades.
Through the use of laptops and the internet officers are able to receive a large amount of information in a matter of minutes. This
allows the officer to be informed on the vehicle's past as well as any dangers that may be present with suspects. Through the use
of license plate readers, officers are able to tell if cars are stolen or even parked illegally. This enables the officer to screen for
stolen cars much more efficiently. The advent of records management systems (RMS) has solved several problems associated
with the "paper tiger." Records management systems are used to input and organize information from different types of reports
in one easy–to–access format (Police in America). These systems have helped with the police officers workload (not needing to
file written reports). The database and information advancements have made the use of card file indexes all but extinct.
Information that was once used on these card files, such as the person's name, date of birth, criminal record and case numbers
are now entered into a computerized system that is accessible to the officers with the touch of a button. This works as a check
for police officers as well. Through the use of early intervention (EI) systems are a collection of personnel records for the use of
increasing accountability of

Synopsis Of The Design Engineering Canvas
3.1 DESIGN ENGINEERING CANVAS
Fig:4.AEIOU SHEET
Fig: 5..EMPATHY CANVAS
Fig:6.IDEATION CANVAS
Fig:7.PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
3.2.1 Traffic volume study
Traffic Volume is the quantity of vehicles intersection an area of street for each unit time at any select period.
Traffic volume is utilized as an amount measure of stream; the normally utilized unit is vehicle every day and vehicles every
hour. An entire activity volume study may incorporate the grouped volume ponder by recording the volume of different sort and
classes of activity, the conveyance by heading and turning developments and dissemination by bearing and turning development
and the circulation on various paths per unit time. The protest and of movement volume studies are given beneath:
1. Traffic volume is for the most part acknowledged as a genuine measure of the relative significance of streets and in choosing
the need for development and extension.
2. Traffic volume study is utilized as a part of arranging, activity operation and control of existing offices furthermore to plan
and outlining the new offices.
3. This study is utilized as a part of the examination of activity examples and patterns.
4. Classified volume study is helpful in auxiliary outline of asphalt, in geometric plan and in registering roadway limit.
5. Volume dissemination study is utilized as a part of arranging one way lanes and other administrative measures.
6. Turning development study is utilized

Analysis Of The Photographer And The Viewer
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
The purpose of this literature review is to organise and generate a good study which helps the photojournalistic community
(photographer) to serve its viewers the way the viewer wants to see images in news material when they are published or
broadcasted. Ansel Easton Adams one of America's greatest landscape photographer and environmentalist mentioned that "There
are always two people in every picture: the photographer and the viewer" (Stocks, 2014).
2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF PHOTOJOURNALISM
Photojournalism is a specific kind of journalism that utilises images in line to convey or relate a news story; it is the process of
compiling, editing and presenting of information in the form of news for either publishing or broadcasting.
In 1826 photography began its historical journey and can be classified into three major technological eras, according to Dennis
Dunleavy an erstwhile award–winning photojournalist.
The first era in 1826 corresponds to the invention and use of film with the help of plate, the taking and setting of a fixed image
onto film. This was done through processes known as wet plate and afterward moved on to dry plate methods.
The second era in photography which was in the 1880's saw the development and growth of the industry thanks to an American
innovator and entrepreneur George Eastman. He founded the world famous Eastman Kodak Company, introduced roll film
technology which eventually epitomised his company and brought photography to the

Improving Quality Of Cameras On Mobile Devices Essay
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of Plan
With the increasing quality of cameras on mobile devices, imaging document pages as an alternative to scanning is becoming
more feasible. However, camera captured document images may suffer from degradations arising from the image acquisition
process. In the presence of such distortions, the ability to automatically assess the quality of captured images is also becoming
increasingly desirable.
In this project, our aim is to exhibit a detailed study of the types and sources of document image degradations and then review
the techniques for document image degradation. At the end, we discuss some measures and conduct experiments that are used to
characterize document image quality.
1.2 Background Information
Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of converting the text of a document image into a format that can be easily
edited by a computer. It is widely used as a form of data entry from printed paper data records, whether passport documents,
invoices, bank statement, receipts, business card, mail, or other documents. There are many commercial OCR systems available,
however, most of the time, poor quality printed documents yield low recognition rates when submitted to them.
It is the most common method of converting printed texts into digital form so that it can be electronically edited, searched,
stored more easily, and used in machine processes such as machine translation, text–to–speech, key data and text mining. OCR
is a

photo 100 Essay
Question 1: A pixel is the basic binary digit used by computers. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False Question 2: The
Bauhaus was a pre–World War II advertising agency that notably used Laszlo Moholy–Nagy's photographs. You Answered:
False Correct Answer: False Question 3: A lower ISO number means the camera is more sensitive to light, whereas a higher
number means the camera is less sensitive to light. You Answered: True Correct Answer: False Question 4: The shutter speed
and the sensor chip are the primary controls for adjusting the amount of light that enters the camera. You Answered: False
Correct Answer: False Question 5: Laszlo Moholy–Nagy generally abided by the strict ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
You Answered: True Correct Answer: True Question 7: Giacomo Battista Beccaria and Johann Heinrich Schultz independently
discovered silver nitrate, a substance more light sensitive than silver chloride. You Answered: False Correct Answer: False
Question 8: Which of the following early digital cameras was popular with photojournalists when it was first introduced? You
Answered: Kodak DCS 200 Correct Answer: Kodak DCS 200 Question 9: Whose research served as the foundation of modern
optics? You Answered: Ibn al–Haytham Correct Answer: Ibn al–Haytham Question 10: Which of the following was the subject
of one of the first public demonstrations of television? You Answered: the 1936 Berlin Olympics Correct Answer: the 1936
Berlin Olympics Question 11: Videotape was invented in which year? You Answered: 1956 Correct Answer: 1956 Question 12:
Campbell–Swinton's system used which of the following to capture and display images? You Answered: electronically sweeping
cathode ray tubes Correct Answer: electronically sweeping cathode ray tubes Question 13: Which of the following is NOT true
of the first digital camera? You Answered: it provided an immediate advantage over film Correct Answer: it provided an
immediate advantage over film Question 14: The first advances in optics began in which century? You Answered: 700 BC

Technology And Digital Storage Space
For years, traffic cameras have been a mainstay of public roads and highways without engendering significant public concern.
As long as the most significant fear was a speeding ticket in the low three figures, the technology of mounting a moving or
stationary camera with the ability to detect and capture automobile license plates was allowed to live in peace. Since the year
2000, however, and in part due to the falling costs of the technology and digital storage space , the United States has seen a
drastic increase in the numbers of the traffic camera's mechanically–similar cousin, the Automated License Plate Reader
("ALPR"). An ALPR system is simply the coupling of a normal high–speed traffic camera and software to store, analyze and
crosscheck the data gathered with external databases. A 2011 survey by PERF found that 71% of responding agencies reporting
using ALPR, and 85% plan to either begin or expand usage over the next five years. (IACP but find primary source). The key
difference between the two is how the data is stored and used. ALPR technology is most efficient when data from several
millions of these cameras is retained and aggregated into massive databases that can then be queried on demand by law
enforcement personnel and matched against lists of vehicles of interest, colloquially called "hot lists". This approach offers
innumerable advantages over the contemporaneous point–and–check approach of traditional traffic cameras, which most often
delete recorded

Technology Has Become An Important Factor For Day
Technology has become an important factor for day to day living in society. In this generation of millennials it has become
almost impossible for me, as a student not to use technology. With the use of technology, the government can spy on citizens'
actions with less of a hassle. Many social media users have become careless of what they post on social media, subconsciously
unaware that they are giving away information on their current location, place of work, full date of birth, and or the school they
are currently attending. People's information posted online should remain private, or be viewed only within their circle. The
government can also pry through internet searches, as certain key words typed in search engines are triggers for automatic
surveillance. Additionally, along with street cameras the government can get a facial recognition or license plate number from
citizens. Since it has come out that the government is guilty of surveilling its citizens, many citizens have vocalized their stance
or opinion on the matter. While some citizens claim they cannot function with knowing that they are being watched, others say it
is a necessary evil to ensure national security and prevent terrorism. There is an invisible line to many people between citizens'
personal space, and the government invading that bubble of personal space. The Patriot Act legalized mass surveillance in
America in 2002. The Act was passed by President W. Bush, and remains a relevant controversial topic.

Eagle 's Nest Hotel Inc Is A Hotel Chain Based On The West...
Overview:
Eagle 's Nest Hotel Inc is a hotel chain based on the West coast in the USA. It operates hotels in the USA as well as globally. In
2007 the CEO Joseph Walsh helped to raise the company 's image in the USA. This has seen 15 4–star hotels across the States as
well as the acquisition of 2 flagship properties: Two Flagship hotels in New York and Las Vegas. Set for the launch of two 3–star
hotels the company 's portfolio has not had any more additional motels or hotels.
As stated by Dutta (2009) the competitive market scenario in the Hotel industry has created a need for Hotel Eagle Nest to
strategize in order to sustain and bring about growth in term of clientele and revenue. It is proposed that Eagle Nest Hotel
Refurbish their 3–star Hotel facilities and rooms in the U.S.A.
Sales and Marketing Department:
The Sales and Marketing Department proposes the employment of eco–friendly technology in the process of refurbishment of
Eagle Nest 's 3–star Hotel facilities and rooms in the U.S.A. with the following objectives:
Increase profitability: According to Kumar (2009) every organization with intent to grow in an extremely competitive scenario
especially the hotel industry desires to grow and expand through aptly adopting and modifying strategies. Eagle Nest Hotel
would adopt the strategy of employing eco–friendly technology to generate more revenue by way of profits as an Eco–friendly
approach or strategy would add novelty to the service and at the same time prove to be

Automatic License Plate Reader Essay
Technology in the policing field has revolutionized the way police officers go about their job on a daily bases. It is constantly
changing for both the good and the bad, and helps to create a safer and better environment for citizens to live in. Automatic
Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is just one of the many technologies that have been discovered, and put into place
throughout the policing community. Automatic Number Plate Recognition is means of surveillance that uses optical character
recognition on various images and makes reading license plate numbers possible. They do this through the use of existing
closed–circuit television, road enforcement cameras, or ones specifically designed for the task. This technology has been ...
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This technology, like many other technologies has not been perfected. Although it has made a tremendous impact in the policing
community, it still needs attention in order to effectively utilize the technology. When installing cameras on mobile police units,
you must be aware of the specific application of the unit and its most important tasks. For highway patrol forward–facing
cameras that have the ability to span multiple lanes at high speeds are needed in order to effectively do their job, whereas city
patrol needs shorter ranged cameras with short focal lengths to effectively scan parked cars in parking lots. The cameras must be
set up on the side of mobile units, so when they drive through a parking lot or down the side of the street they will be able to
pick up on the license plates they pass. The newer more expensive ANPR systems are much more flexible and can be set up in a
number of ways with numerous cameras that can easily be repositioned for their specific application. Another challenge that
many states face, including Florida is that license plates are only necessary for the rear of the vehicles, whereas states such as
Massachusetts it

Use Of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)
The vehicle number plate is a numeric or alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies the owner of vehicle within the issuing
country database. License plate number provides information such as Country, state, District. It is a metal or plastic plate
attached to the front and rear of a vehicle. Being unique for every vehicle, the number plate is an important resource for
recognizing owner of vehicle from the country information database. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) was firstly
introduced in 1976 and gained much popularity during the last decade along with the improvement of digital cameras. ANPR is
an image processing technology which allows extracting vehicle license plate number from digital camera images. It consists of
a camera

Examples Of Intrusive Surveillance
Intrusive Surveillance Can be carried out by covertly following suspects in unmarked, normal looking vehicles, or through
infiltration whereby an undercover officer infiltrates the targeted suspect group and covertly gathers evidence. Surveillance
devices can also be used when investigating suspects; these can be anything from tracking devices to phone bugging. Officers
may infiltrate a suspect's home or business and plant listening devices and bugs throughout the area; these will then be
monitored in an unmarked vehicle parked close by. These vehicles are often disguised as moving vans or delivery vans. Another
way officers may plant listening devices is to pose as electricians, plumbers and gas men, etc. These are all more commonly
used by

Url ( Uniform Resource Locator )
URL(Uniform Resource Locator): A URL which is an abbreviated form of Uniform Resource Locator is the unique address for a
file that is accessible on the Internet. A common way to access any Website is by entering the URL in the address line of the
Web browser. However, any file in the website can be specified in the URL to access the same, it can either be a home page of
the website, an image file related to the website or even a program such as a common gateway interface application or Java
Applet. The URL contains the name of the protocol to be used to access the file resource, a domain name that identifies a
specific computer on the Internet, and a pathname, a hierarchical description that specifies the location of a file on that
computer. URL strings consists of three parts (Substrings): Network Protocol Host name or address File or resource location
These substrings are separated by special characters as follows:– protocol :// host / location URL Protocol The 'protocol'
substring defines a network protocol to be used to access a resource. These strings are short names followed by three characters
like ://. Typical URL Protocols include http://, ftp:// and mailto:// URL Host The 'host' substring identifies a computer or network
device. Hosts come from standard databases like DNS and can be names or IP addresses. For example,
compnetworking.about.com is the host here. URL Location The 'location' substring contains a path to one specific network

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Technology
Introduction:
Diagnostic Radiography has advanced and developed since its early discovery in 1895, by Wilhelm Roentgen. In recent years,
its dynamic development has progressed from conventional analogue to computed, and digital radiography. The wealth of
changes in the past two decades has seen many departments in Gauteng convert to digital units. This report compiled on the
Multix Fusion system, from Siemens outlines the machine with specific attention to: terminology, equipment, capabilities,
advantages and disadvantages, image acquisition, applications, as well as the long term benefits regarding to workflow, time and
cost.
Terminology:
General:
1. kV: or Kilovoltage, is the maximum possible energy for any photon that exists in the x–ray ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This machine also includes a stationary grid that is fixated to the wall and patient table as well as a moveable grid that can b
used on patients that are X–Rayed directly.
Application Capabilities
This system may be used for examinations on both children and adults. The table can be used to acquire images of the patient in
a recumbent, sitting or prone position. The wall stand can be used for patients that are standing or sitting. The digital images
displayed on the system thereafter are of excellent quality due to the proper understanding of the radiographer in terms of how
to set exposure factors needed to attain the level of contrast needed. (Siemens 2010; 39).
The Wall Stand
The wall stand contains the grid and has a holder for the detector. The detector unit can be manipulated vertically or
horizontally. The tube can be centred to the middle of the wall stand and FFD adjusted to the required position depending on the
type of examination being done at the time. Examinations on the skull, spine, shoulder girdle, pelvis, abdomen, chest, as well as
extremities can be done on the stand provided that the patient is positioned accordingly and optimal exposure is used. (Siemens
2010 page

Number Plate Extraction
III. NUMBER PLATE EXTRACTION
The captured input image has number plate covered by vehicle body, so by this step only number plate area is detected and
extracted from whole body of vehicle. The number plate extraction phase influence the accuracy of ANPR system because all
further step depend on the accurate extraction of number plate area. The input to this stage is vehicle image and output is a
portion of image containing the exact number plate. Number plate can be distinguished by its features. Instead of processing
every pixel, the system processes only the pixels that have these features. The features are derived from number plate format and
the characters constituting the plate. Number plate color, rectangular shape of number plate boundary, the color change between
the plate background and characters on it etc. can be used for detection and extraction of number plate area. The extraction of
Indian number plate is difficult as compared to the foreign number plate because in India there is no standard followed for the
aspect ratio of plate. This factor makes the detection and extraction of number plate very difficult. The various methods used for
number plate extraction are as follows:–
A. Number Plate Extraction using Boundary/Edge information
Normally the number plate has a rectangular shape with aspect ratio, so number plate can be extracted by finding all possible
rectangles from the input vehicle image. Various edge detection methods commonly used to find these

Are Diesels Better Than Gasoline Engines
Are diesels better than gasoline engines? A significant segment of the consumer market thinks so, especially in Europe where
such engines compose nearly half the vehicles purchased. In the US, diesels have had difficulty gaining acceptance, with heavy–
duty pickup trucks and German luxury cars offering them. But with Audi currently snagged in the Volkswagen diesel scandal
mess, a negative light has been cast on these engines, with some insisting that they're far dirtier than what manufacturers say
they are. Fortunately, not all manufacturers are being dissuaded by such negativity. Chevrolet now supplies a turbo diesel for its
popular midsize pickup trucks, Nissan recently rolled out a Cummins diesel for its all–new Titan XD full–size pickup, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Oversized front bucket seats and a plush 40–20–40 bench seat is in the second row. Land Rover could have stuck in a third row,
but wisely chose not to. That would have cost nearly every inch of this 27.7 cubic foot storage compartment As elegant as the
Range Rover Sport is, Land Rover went with a fairly simple or straightforward interior, marked by an instrument panel featuring
a two–cowl speedometer and tachometer display. In the center of it all is a digital driver's information center with the expected
readouts. It seems as if leather is everywhere – wrapping the thick steering column surrounding the instrument panel, covering
the dash, on door inlays, storage compartments and, of course, across the seats. The center stack is orderly and uncluttered,
amplified by a large color display followed by large knobs for the audio system. Spitting the front seats is the transmission stick
and two cup holders as well as the four–wheel drive controller and the attendant switches. Activate the controller and you're
ready to take on most any on– or off–road sojourn – ice, rain, snow, sand, mud, rocks, you name it. Most people who buy Range
Rovers aren't about to venture off road, but just having the security you can is most

A Project Plan On Image Quality Essay
A Project Plan On IMAGE QUALITY ASSESMENT Submittedto AmityUniversity Uttar Pradesh inpartial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelorof Technology in Computer Science by Shubham Kansal& Anuja Kohli
underthe guidance of Ms. Shanu Sharma DEPARTMENTOF:– Computer Science AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH NOIDA(U.P.) DECLARATION I/We,Shubham Kansal and Anuja
Kohli,student(s)ofB.Tech(cse)herebydeclarethattheprojecttitled"Image Quality
Assesment"whichissubmittedbyme/ustoDepartmentof computer
science,AmitySchoolofEngineeringandTechnology,AmityUniversity Uttar Pradesh, Noida, in partial fulfillment of requirement
for the award of the degree of BachelorofTechnologyinCSE,hasnotbeenpreviouslyformedthebasisfortheawardofany degree,
diploma or other similar title or recognition. Noida Date Name and signature of Student(s) Shubham Kansal Anuja Kohli
CERTIFICATE OnthebasisofdeclarationsubmittedbyShubham Kansal and Anuja Kohli,student(s)ofB.Tech Computer
Science,Ihereby certify that the project titled "Image Quality Assessment" which is submittedto Departmentofcomputer science
and technology AmitySchoolofEngineeringand
Technology,AmityUniversityUttarPradesh,Noida,inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementfor theawardofthedegreeofBachelorof
Technologyin

Physical Activity : Opportunities And Challenges With...
Personal Visualizations of Physical Activity: Opportunities and Challenges with Palatable Representations
Abstract:
In this work,
Introduction:
Regular physical exercise is key to maintain and regain physical health (Weinberg and Gould 2006). It offers cardiovascular
fitness benefits and reduces the risk of obesity (Haskell et al. 2007). Additionally, physical exercise also boosts cognitive
abilities and contributes to emotional and social well being (Deslandes et al. 2009; Tomporowski 2003). Despite knowing these
benefits, people who regularly exercise are significantly low (Pate et al. 2002; Miller 2002) and those who do exercise only
partially achieve recommended levels of physical activity (Colley et al. 2011). As a result, health remains at a risk especially
among teenagers (Pate et al. 2002). Fortunately, recent research suggests that personal informatics tools that increase awareness
about physical activity can motivate physical activity among people (Maitland et al. 2006; Bravata et al. 2007; Tudor–Locke et
al. 2004). These are set of tools that capture physiological responses and behavior such as heart rate and everyday movements
through body worn sensors (also called as activity trackers) and provide users with opportunity to monitor and reflect on their
physical activity levels (Li et al. 2010). For example, heart rate monitors inform users about their exercise intensity by
measuring the heart rate during physical activity while pedometers like Fitbit captures

Conspiracy Theories Of 9 / 11
September 11, 2001, was a day that caused physical and emotional destruction because of the terror attacks that took place at the
World Trade Center and the Twin Towers.There are many conspiracy theories that have come up causing great speculation of
what actually happened and are argued to this day.A conspiracy theory is a theory that explains an event as a result or secret plan
organized by a covert group.Many conspiracists believe that the United States government was behind the 9/11 attacks and
altered the events and information and persuaded citizens into believing that the Islamic group Al–Qaeda was responsible.
Similarly in 1984 by George Orwell, the government alters the truth to keep control of the country.The main protagonist
Winston Smith works at the Ministry of Truth where he works to destroy any evidence where Big Brother could be called into
question and also changes how events happened to fit the Party's expectations.The purpose of his job is for the other citizens to
continue to believe that Oceania is a perfect place to live in because of its economic, social, and military dominance. The Party
is also responsible for watching and hearing everything that happens in Oceania.The Thought Police placed telescreens in every
household and through these telescreens everything someone does can be seen and heard leaving no one with privacy;
comparable to how after the 9/11 attacks, security across the United States tightened up. Anything that was seen as suspicious

Bluetooth Technology and Travel Time Data Collection
A number of journals, technical reports and case studies were referred in order to develop an in – depth knowledge on the
concepts of this study. Firstly, this section deals with the various traditional travel time collection techniques in order to provide
a comparison with the Bluetooth travel time method. Secondly, the working concepts of Bluetooth and its components are
reviewed in detail. The final section reviews the application of Bluetooth technology in travel time data collection. It involves
the literature on the sensitivity analysis, veracity of the travel time obtained compared to other sensors and the cost comparisons.
2.1. Traditional travel time methods Traditional travel time collection techniques include direct measurement techniques and
indirect techniques. Direct measurement include automatic license plate readers (ALPR), automatic vehicle location (AVL),
floating car techniques and data from global positioning system (GPS) etc., whereas, indirect estimation of travel time is
achieved through various models which vary from the application of simple to complex algorithms for the estimation of stream
travel time. 2.1.1. Probe Vehicles The most common direct measurement of travel time is the floating car technique, which uses
a probe vehicle to travel along the corridor to obtain the travel time (Robertson 1994). Use of GPS in such probe vehicles
records the vehicle trajectory and timestamps continuously as the vehicle propagates along its route (Quiroga and

Impact Of Technology On Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement and Technology
Introduction
Revolutionary progress in the field of information technology has ushered in numerous changes in the ways police officers and
law enforcement agencies use to identify, trail and make cases against suspects. Throughout the last century, most of the
technological advances in surveillance by law enforcement revolved around establishing and enhancing methods of
communication: telephones, radio calls and other emergency communications. In this century, surveillance has become
technological and is real time. The following are some of the latest surveillance technologies available to law enforcers.
Surveillance Technologies in Law Enforcement
Drones
Unmanned drones have become arguably the most widely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stingray is a sophisticated, portable device that is able to trail cell phone signals inside homes, vehicles and even insulated
buildings. In this system, Stingray trackers operate as fake cell towers. This allows law enforcers to pin down the location of a
targeted mobile device by sucking up data such as emails, text messages and cell–site information. Consequently, when a
suspect makes a phone call, the system will trick the cell into sending its signal back to law enforcers, thereby preventing the
signal from travelling back to the individual's wireless carrier. Stingray is also capable of extracting data off other cell phone
users in that location.
Facial Recognition Software In this surveillance system, law enforcers take a photograph of a person's face and then compare
the biometrics to other pictures stored in a database. If the person's photograph was in the database, there will be a match. This
will enable the officers to identify the person behind the face. This software has since been incorporated into CCTV surveillance
systems in order to track down suspects in real time. On an individual case, the system can easily be placed on the back of a
smartphone since it weighs only 12.5

Optimized Dynamic Latent Topic Model For Big Text Data...
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Optimized Dynamic Latent Topic Model for Big Text Data Analytics
NAME: Geoffrey Mariga Wambugu
REGISTRATION NUMBER: CS481–4692/2014
LECTURER: Prof. Waweru Mwangi
A thesis proposal submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Unit SCI 4201 Advanced Research Methodology of
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology at the School of Computing and Information Technology, Jomo
Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
June 2015
Abstract
Probabilistic topic modeling provides computational methods for large text data analysis. Today streaming text mining plays an
important role within real–time social media mining. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model was developed a decade ago to
aid discovery of the hidden thematic structure in large archives of documents. It is acknowledged by many researchers as the
most popular approach for building topic models. In this study, we discuss topic modeling and more specifically LDA. We
identify speed as one of the major limitations of LDA application in streaming big text data analytics. The main aim of this study
is to enhance inference speed of LDA thereby develop a new inference method and algorithm. Given the characteristics of this
specific research problem, the approach to the proposed research will follow the experimental model. We will investigate causal
relationships using a test

The Impact Of Internet On The Field Of Traffic Management
Abstraction
Internet of things is the interconnection of embedded computing elements which can be uniquely identified and can be accessed
from anywhere on this earth, anytime. The interconnection of these embedded devises is expected to bloom automation in
almost all the fields. The future of internet aims at connecting all the physical things from bicycles to cars to planes, all of these
things taking active participation in the exchange of information – about themselves and about their surroundings. Internet of
things will give us access to all the information about a particular thing leading to different innovative services and increase the
efficiency and productivity of the people and products. This paper studies the Internet of Things, the architecture of Internet of
Things, the elements in Internet of Things and the related technologies, the applications, the current scenario and the future
scope. Also, in details regarding the application of Internet of Things in the field of traffic management is reviewed in detail.
Introduction:
Today, we have cloud– the digital universe of information freely available to us. The current estimate of the amount of
information is 4000 Exabyte in size . A good analogy is 4000 Exabyte is roughly equivalent to a stack of books from the earth to
Pluto and back, 80 times. We only began to create that less than 20 years ago. Devices like cell phones, iPads allow us to access
this information from anywhere on this earth, anytime.
Internet

Rrs Essay
Ever since the development of Automatic License Plate Readers (ALPR) in the United States, law enforcement has been solving
a wide variety of crimes at the cost of sacrificing the privacy of citizens. Since it's start in 1976 by the Police Scientific
Department Branch in the United Kingdom, the use of ALPRs has become increasingly common by police both federally, and
locally (Casanova and Roberts 3). Being introduced to the United States in 2000 (Dryer and Stroud 3), ALPRs were developed
to solve numerous crimes such as stolen vehicles (2). In a 2011 survey, ALPRs are obtained by 71% of police departments,
while 85% of police departments want to use ALPRs more frequently (Waddell 3). That means many of the police agencies that
planned to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advantage law enforcement has that they previously did not have is the ease and increase of efficiency in doing their jobs.
Police officers will not be distracted by manually inputting license plate numbers and taking their eyes off the road (PERF 28–
29). There is also less racial profiling due to the automatic capturing of license plates. In a survey by the 2007 Law Enforcement
Management and Administrative Statistics, it was said that ALPRs are increasing officer productivity by 50 %, making 55 %
more arrests, and recovering 68 % more stolen vehicles (Casanova and Roberts 6).
In Washington, D.C., Assistant Chief Alfred Durham used ALPRs to solve a serious crime committed in the area (PERF 32).
The only information they had was a silver vehicle. They ran through all the silver vehicles in the area of the crime by using
ALPRs, and five suspects were caught. In Minneapolis, Assistant Chief Janeé Harteau was working with the Metro Transit
Police and the FBI about a recent kidnapping. This time, police only had information about the vehicle's body type, color, and
three digits of the license plate. Police officers looked through the database for the information they had gotten from the ALPR,
and eventually found the vehicle they were looking for.
However, ALPRs are being used to collect information on countless of innocent people that have committed no crime ("You"
13). In Maryland, the law

The Technical And Industrial Benefits Of The Tooling
ABSTRACT Fixtures are large permanent structures that are costly to design, manufacture and install. Additionally, the time to
design, manufacture and install a large fixture can be significant with lead times in excess of 24 months. Big cost drivers are
involved in aircraft assembly and that assembly–related operation account for over 40% of total airframe manufacturing costs.
Generally, there is a requirement to reduce costs, reduce the time to market and improve the capacity and flexibility of
equipment. This means that while the costs and lead times must be reduced, the utilization of the tooling should be maximized.
Due to the complex component configurations and sheer size of the parts, most establishments have not been able to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tradionally, assembly fixtures are large, typically many times the size of the wing and several stories high. They are bespoke
and designed for one aircraft family only. They are permanent structures that are not designed to be moved, reused or altered.
When production increases, additional fixtures are produced to achieve the rates. If production rates decreases, under utilization
of the fixture is experienced. (Burley and Corbett, 1998) At the start of any aircraft manufacturing project, assembly fixtures are
usually the largest contributors to the non–recurring cost due to the size and complexity. At Airbus according to Naing, (2004) it
is estimated that tooling can be as much as a third of the total non recurring cost at the start of a project. In general terms, the
jigs for aircraft assembly are high in cost (Li et al, 1996). The cost of designing and fabricating the diversity of jigs to satisfy the
jig requirements can amount to 10–20% of the total system cost (Nee et al, 1995) and the storage of dedicated jigs occupies lots
of space. Generally, in manufacturing and assembly environments, fixture design is based on past experience and trial–and–error
approach. Therefore, fixturing design is expected to be a long process with prohibitive cost. As flexible manufacturing systems
or FMS fills the gap between

Coir Industry Essay
CHAPTER I
1.1 Introduction To Coir Industry
The Coir Industry has been significantly Export–Oriented and a valuable foreign exchange earner. On an average about 20 per
cent of the total Coir products manufactured are exported from the country, mainly to West European countries, United States of
America (USA) and Canada. The products include fiber, yarn, mats, matting, rugs and carpets, rope and rubberized coir.
Unfortunately, the exports in the recent past show a declining trend. Increased competition from other countries use of
substitutes traditional methods of production delay in executing orders are some of the major reasons mentioned for reduced
exports. Because of this, the manufacturers have started to pay more attention to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Structure Of Coir Fibre The individual fibre cells are narrow and hollow, with thick walls made of cellulose. They are pale when
immature but later become hardened and yellowed as a layer of lignin, is deposited on their walls. Mature brown coir fibres
contain more lignin and less cellulose than fibres such as flax and cotton and so are stronger but less flexible. They are made up
of small threads, each less than 0.05 inch (1.3 mm) long and 10 to 20 micrometers in diameter. White fibre is smoother and
finer, but also weaker. The coir fibre is relatively waterproof and is the only natural fibre resistant to damage by salt water.
Green coconuts, harvested after about six to twelve months on the plant, contain pliable white fibres. Brown fibre is obtained by
harvesting fully mature coconuts when the nutritious layer surrounding the seed is ready to be processed into copra and
desiccated coconut. The fibrous layer of the fruit is then separated from the hard shell (manually) by driving the fruit down onto
a spike to split it (De–husking). Machines are now available which crush the whole fruit to give the loose fibres.
Types Of Coir Fibre
Brown Fibre The Fibrous husks are soaked in pits or in nets in a slow moving body of water to swell and soften the fibres. The
long bristle fibres are separated from the shorter mattress fibres underneath the skin of the nut, a process known as

Finger Print Recognition and Image Enhancement Using Matlab
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
"FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ENHANCEMENT USING MATLAB"
Submitted in partial fulfillment
Of the requirements for the award of the degree in
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY:
SHAKTI ABHISHEK– 0803112
SATISH GOYAL – 0803064
ROHIT DASH – 0803086
MD. IRFAN ARIF RAHMAN – 0803117
[pic]
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING
GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha.
GUNUPUR, RAYAGADA DISTRICT, ODISHA, INDIA.
2011–2012
GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
GUNUPUR, RAYAGADA DISTRICT, ODISHA, INDIA.
[pic]
DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The obtained image is applied to a thinning algorithm and subsequent minutiae extraction. The methodology of image
preprocessing and minutiae extraction is discussed. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB environment to evaluate the
performance of the implemented algorithms. Results and observations of the fingerprint images are presented at the end.
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE NO.
Figure 1.1: Sample fingerprint image 2
Figure 1.2: Types of minutiae 3 Figure 1.3: Types of local ridge features 4 Figure 1.4: (a) Two important minutia (b) Other
minutiae features
Figure 1.5: Verification Vs Identification 4
Figure 2.1: Fingerprint scanning using optical sensor 5
Figure 2.2: Fingerprint scanning using capacitive sensor 8
Figure 2.3: Fingerprint scanning using ultrasonic sensor 9
Figure 3.2: Different steps

License Plate Localization : The Localization Step Is...
3.2. License plate localization: The localization step is further sub–divided into different modules: 3.2.1. Character Detection
and Filtering using Connected Component Analysis The segmented regions of the image are then screened to identify plausible
characters. First, the module checks simply the size and area constraints hmin < h < hmax wmin < w < wmax area min < area
where h, w and area are the height, width and area of the segment's axes aligned bounding box respectively, and hmin , hmax ,
wmin ,wmax and areamin are parameters of the module. Each element that satisfies these constraints are then tested using
character / non–character classifier based on shape descriptors. 3.2.2. Character / Non–character classifier Character / Non–
character classifier is an important part for the localization step of the license plate. It is based on shape descriptors which uses
HOG features for classification. The classifier is trained using the features extracted from the training set. These shape
descriptors are fed to a multiclass SVM (Support Vector Machine). The output of the SVM gives Character / Non–character
decision. The HOG–based Character / Non–character classifier described in the literature, generally divide the image into a 2D
array of nx * ny cells and compute a separate histogram of

The Natural Language Processing ( Nlp )
INTRODUCTION Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP is a process in which human makes communication with machine
easily. NLP is related to area of human and computer interaction. There are many application developed last few years. The very
helpful application is that a machine take instruction by human voice and follow operation on it. NLP are trying to make
computer more reliable that are easier to use by people. So rather than learn a special language of computer command, people
will talk with computer in their own language. 1.1 MAJOR TASK IN NLP [b]: 1.1.1 Automatic Summarization [b]: It work as
the summary of a chunk of text. Like, article in political section in newspaper. 1.1.2: Machine translation [b]: Automatically
translate language from one human to another human. 1.1.4 Optical Character Recognition [b]: Optical Character Recognition is
a process mechanical or electronic conversion of scanned or photographic image of typewritten or printed text into machine
encode or computer readable text. 1.1.4 Speech recognition [b]: In speech recognition take a sound clip of the person and
determine the textual representation of speech. 1.1.5 Speech segmentation [b]: In speech segmentation take a sound clip on the
person and separate into words. 1.1.6 Word segmentation [b]: Word segmentation takes the chunk of continuous text and
separate words. 1.2 APPLICATION OF NLP [b]: Classify text into categories Index and search large text Question answering
Speech

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