This document discusses HIV and opportunistic infections. It begins by defining HIV as a retrovirus that infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to AIDS. It then lists some common opportunistic infections seen in patients with HIV/AIDS like Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, mycobacterial infections, cryptococcosis, and viral infections caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. It provides details of pharmacological treatments for various opportunistic infections with drugs like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pentamidine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fluconazole, acyclovir,

1. HIV & OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Presented by,
Anjali.C
First year M.Pharm
Dept. Of pharmacy practice
Grace college of pharmacy

2. HIV
• RNA retrovirus of the genus Lentivirus that infects and destroys
vital cells of the human immune system, such as helper T cells
(CD4+ cells).
• It causes the AIDS

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY

4. ETIOLOGY
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(HIV)

5. TRANSMISSION OF HIV

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

7. CLINICALMANIFESTATIONS

8. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

9. MANAGEMENT
NON PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
• Patienteducation
• Lifestylemodification
• Sympatheticattitude,familyandpublicsupport.
• Takeadequaterestanddietrichinproteinsandvitamins.
• Smokingcessation
• Stopdrinkingalcohol
• Doregularexerciseoryoga.

10. PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
ANTI RETROVIRAL TREATMENT

13. TREATMENT ALGORITHM

14. OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS

15. PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole15-20mg/Kg/Day
Pentamidineisethionatei.v.4mg/kg/Day

16. TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
1 double strength tab. Oral,OD

17. MYCOBACTERIUM INFECTIONS
Azithromycin 1200mg orally once weekly
or
Clarithromycin 500mg Orally twice daily

18. CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
Fluconazole,100-200mg
,orally once daily

19. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
Acyclovir ,200mg
five times daily
or
400mg ,three times
daily

20. VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS
Acyclovir ,30mg/kg/day for atleast 7 days
Acyclovir 4g/day ,orally

21. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
Ganciclovir 7.5-10mg/kg/day,i.v.,in 2-
3 equally divided dose for 14 days
Maintenance:5-6mg/kg,OD