Comparative Reproductive

1. Comparative ReproductiveComparative Reproductive
Male and Female, Reproductive Parameters For Most Important Farm Animals
By Faisal A. Alshamiry
Supervision: Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
2017

2. • Male and female the reproductive system
in some animal species.
• Different shape and size for each
member, depending on the species of
animal.
• In this brief report we will focus
on the most important of these
differences.

3. Gamete – sperm
Gonad – testes
Many sperm cells
-spermatogenesis
Sperm cells are(n) haploid/
monoploid
Gamete – egg
Gonad – ovary
Few to many eggs
- oogenesis
Egg cells are (n)
haploid/monoploid
Sexual Reproduction in Animals

4. Sperm
*Smaller
*Swims through liquid
*Head, middle, & tail
(flagellum)
Egg
*Larger than a body cell
*Cannot move on its own
*Round shape

5. • The reproductive system of malemale as:
(Bull, Ram, stallion and Boar)
• Consists of the:Consists of the:
• Testes
• Scrotum
• Epididymis
• Spermatic Cords
• Ductus Deferens
• Seminal Vesicles
•Ejaculatory Duct
•Urethra
•Prostate
•Cowper’s Glands
•Penis

6. AnimalAnimal AmpullaAmpulla BulbourethralBulbourethral ProstateProstate VesicularVesicular
Bull ++ ++ ++ ++
Ram ++ ++ -- ++
Stallion ++ ++ ++ ++
Boar -- ++ ++ ++
Dog ++ -- ++ --
Tom -- ++ ++ --
Buck ++ ++ -- ++
ParameterParameter BullBull StallionStallion RamRam BoarBoar
Ejaculate Volume (ml( 5-8 60-100 0.8-1.2 150-200
Sperm/ejaculate (Billion( 5-15 5-15 1.6-3.6 30-60
Conc. million/ml 800-2000 150-300 2000-3000 200-300
pH 6.4-7.8 7.2-7.8 5.9-7.3 7.3-7.8
SEMEN CHARACTERSSEMEN CHARACTERS
Summary of the accessory sex gland in the various species.Summary of the accessory sex gland in the various species.

7. Bull
Ram
*

8. stallion

9. Boar

10. • The reproductive system of femalefemale
mammals as:
(Cow, Ewe, Mare, Camel and Sow)
• Consists of the:Consists of the:
Ovaries,
Oviduct,
Uterus,
Cervix,
Vagina and
Vulva.

12. Cow Buffalo-cow Female camel Mare Ewe & doe
OvaryOvary: size
(Length*Breadth)
1.5-5*1–3cm 2-4*1.5-2.5cm 3.3*2.6cm 8*4cm 1.5*1.4
Shape ovoid ovoid bunch of grape bean-shaped Almond
Position Pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity pelvic cavity Sublumber Pelvic
Pre-ovulatory follicle 1.5-2cm 1.2-1.8cm 1.3-2cm 4-5cm 0.6-0.8cm
Corpus luteum 2-3cm 1.6-2.5cm 1.4-2.1cm 1.5-2cm 0.9-1.4cm
Ovarian bursa
Less
developed
Less developed
Completely
covered the ovary
Less developed Less developed
Oviduct: length 20-30cm 18-25cm 17-28cm 20–30cm 15cm
Opening in uterine
horn
gradually gradually
via a narrow
orifice
via a narrow
orifice
gradually
Summary of the accessory sex gland in the various species.Summary of the accessory sex gland in the various species.

13. Cow Buffalo-cow Female camel Mare Ewe & doe
UterusUterus: Horns: Horns 20-40cm 18-34 cm
6–10 cm (right)
8–15 cm (left)
20 – 25 cm 10-13 cm
Body 5cm 4cm 4cm 20 cm 1.5-2 cm
Shape ram horn-shaped ram horn-shaped T- or Y-shaped T- or Y-shaped ram horn-like
Position pelvic cavity pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity Pelvic cavity
Endometrium
carunclues=80-
120
caruncles=100 Folds Folds
caruncles: ewe=88
doe=150
Cervix: length * diameter 6-10*3-5 cm like cattle 4-6 * 3.6–6 cm 4–10 * 2–5 cm 3-5 cm
Mucosa
3-4 muscular
rings
- 3-6 muscosal folds longitudinal folds like cattle, highly
Canal
convoluted,
closed
- dilatable dilatable convoluted in ewes
VaginaVagina: length 18-25cm
Like cattle, but
shorter
25 -30 cm 15-20 cm 8-10 cm
Mucosa smooth -
many longitudinal
folds
many longitudinal
folds
Smooth
VaginaVagina : Vestibulum
slight
constriction
-
separated by strong
sphincter
slight constriction Slight constriction
Suburethral present - absent absent Very small
diverticulum - - - - -
Vulva: long 10-13 cm Fleshy 6-7 cm 7 cm below anus 3 cm
position 5 cm below anus - directly under anus Just below anus
Clitoris 2-5 cm long - ill-developed
well-developed,
round
Short
Hair at ventral
commissure
- short no hair short

14. Organ Cow Ewe Mare Sow
Oviduct 25cm 15-16cm 20-30cm 15-30cm
UterusUterus
Type Bipartite Bipartite Bipartite Bicornuate
Horn 35-40cm 10-12cm 15-25cm 40-64cm
Body 2-4cm 1-2cm 15-20cm 5cm
Endometrium 40-120Caruncles 88-96Caruncles Prominent longitudinal
folds
Slight longitudinal folds
CervixCervix
Lumen 2-5Annular rings Annular rings Conspicuous folds Corkscrewlike
Opening to
Uterus
Small &protruding Small &protruding Clearly defined III-defined
Vagina 25-30cm 10-14cm 20-35cm 10-15cm
Vestibule 10-12cm 2.5–3cm 10 -12 cm 6–8cm
Modified from frandson et al., 2003
Comparative of female reproductive tracts (short)

17. Uterine and CervicalUterine and Cervical
DifferencesDifferences
CowMare
Sow
OvarianOvarian

20. Parameter Camels Cattle Goats Sheep
Gestation period (months( 12 9 5 5
Age at first parturition (months( 60 48 15 15
Parturition interval (months( 26 18 8 8
Life expectancy (years( 15-20 10-12 6 5
Mean number of births/reproductive
period 2.7 2.1 6 5
Maximum number of
births/reproductive period 9 8 12 8
Reproductive parameters for domestic livestockReproductive parameters for domestic livestock
Reference : Wilson et al (1985a, Chapter 6, p. 118).
Parameter Cattle Mare Ewe Doe Sow Bitch Queen
Type of uterusType of uterus Bipertite Bipertite Bicornuate Bicornuate Bicornuate Bicornuate Bicornuate
Shape of ovaryShape of ovary oval Kidney Almond Almond oval Mulberry Mulberry
Type of placentaType of placenta
(Gross)(Gross)
Cotyledona
nary
Diffused
Cotyledona
nary
Cotyledona
nary
Diffused Zonary Zonary
Type of placentaType of placenta
(Histological)(Histological)
Epithelioch
horial
Epithelioc
chorial
Epithelioch
horial
Epithelioch
horial
Epithelioch
horial
Endothelio
ochorail
Endothelio
ochorail
Reproductive parameters for domestic livestockReproductive parameters for domestic livestock

21. REPRODUCTIVE TRACTS OF FEMALEREPRODUCTIVE TRACTS OF FEMALE

22. Uterine TissueUterine Tissue