1. Name: Aamir Hussain
Subject: Pharmacology
Topic: Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
Anti-thyroid Drugs
&
Parathyroid Drugs
Faculty : Mr. Ramesh Kumar
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2. Anti-thyroid drugs
A number of drugs act as anti-thyroid drugs.
Use for patients with hyperthyroidism.
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3. Anti-thyroid drugs
Drugs used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism :
Inhibition of hormone synthesis :
 Propylthiouracil and Methimazole.
Blockade of hormone release :
 Iodides, Iodinated contrast media.
Radioactive Iodine
Anion Inhibitors :
 Perchlorates, Thiocynates.
Beta blocking drugs : Propranolol.
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4. Anti-thyroid drugs
THIOAMIDES :
These are used for treatment of mild thyrotoxicosis and
in preparation of surgery.
Propylthiouracil is relatively safe and preferred in
pregnancy.
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5. Anti-thyroid drugs
THIOAMIDES : ADVERSE EFFECTS
Common adverse effects includes maculopapular rash,
arthralgia and vasculitis.
Agranulocytosis – reversible.
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6. Anti-thyroid drugs
ANION INHIBITORS :
Monovalent ions like perchlorate, pertechnetate,
thiocyanate can competitively block the uptake of
iodine.
Anion inhibitors are uncommon in use because of aplastic
anemia.
These are effective in iodine induced hyperthyroidism
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7. Anti-thyroid drugs
Other Anti-thyroid drugs :
Propranolol is used in the management of cardiac
symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.
Lithium is known to inhibit synthesis and release of
thyroid hormones.
Amiodarone can also result in hypothyroidism.
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8. Adverse Drug Reaction
Fever
Rash
Headache
Bloody diarrhea
Depression
Anorexia
Gastric irritation
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9. Nursing Assessment
Before drug therapy begins, review the patient’s history
for conditions that contraindicate require cautious use of
the prescribed anti-thyroid drugs.
 During treatment assess the patient for unfavorable
drug reactions and signs of drug interactions.
Also sometimes assess the effectiveness of therapy with
the anti-thyroid drug. Finally, evaluate the patient’s and
family’s knowledge about the prescribed drug
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10. Nursing Diagnosis
Risk for injury related to a preexisting condition that
contraindicate or requires cautious use of an anti-thyroid
drug.
Knowledge deficit related to the prescribed anti-thyroid
drugs.
Risk for injury related to adverse drug reactions or drug
interaction.
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11. Planning and Implementation
Do not administer an anti-thyroid drug to a patient with a
condition that contraindicate its use.
 Administer an anti-thyroid drug carefully to a patient at risk
because of a preexisting condition.
Observe the patient for hypersensitivity reactions to the anti-
thyroid drugs.
Monitor the patient for signs of toxicity such as thyroid gland
enlargement.
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12. Evolution
For each nursing diagnosis, prepare an evaluation statement
that describes the patient’s or family’s response to nursing
intervention.
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13. Parathyroid Drugs
The parathyroid drugs also referred to as a calcium
regulators.
Bone metabolism
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14. Parathyroid Drugs
 Alendronate
 Adverse gastrointestinal(GI)effects in dose more then 10mg.
 Decrease alendronate absorption
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15. Parathyroid Drugs
Calcitonin
Increase bone resorption, intestinal absorption, and kidney
reaborption of calcium.
Etidronate disodium
Decreased absorption of etidronate disodium.
Calcifediol
Decrease calcifedional absorption
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16. Adverse Drug Reaction
Hypocalcaemia
Flushing
Nausea
Vomiting
Swelling tenderness of the hands
Diarrhea
Headache
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17. Nursing Assessment
Before drug therapy begins, review the patient’s history for
condition that contraindicate or require cautious use of the
prescribed parathyroid drugs.
Review the patient’s history to identify use of drugs that may
interact with it.
During drug therapy, assess the patient for adverse drug
reactions and signs of during interaction.
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18. Nursing Diagnosis
Risk for injury related to a preexisting condition that
contraindicates or requiires cautious use of a parathyroid
drug.
Risk for injury related to adverse drug reactions or drug
interactions.
Knowledge deficit related to the prescribed parathyroid
drug.
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19. Planning and Implementation
Do not administer a parathyroid drug to a patient with a
condition that contraindicates its use.
Monitor the patient for adverse reaction and drug inter-
actions during treatment with a parathyroid drug.
Protect calcitriol and dihydrotachysterol from heat and light
to prevent loss of potency.
Do not refrigerate dihydrotachysterol.
 Notify the physician if unfavorable reactions or drug inter-actions
occur.
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20. Evolution
For each nursing diagnosis, prepare an evolution statement
that describes the patients' or family’s response to nursing
intervention.
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21. Thanks
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