This document discusses research design and the research process. It defines research design as the plan, structure, and strategy that guides a research study. Key decisions in research design include determining what to study, why to study it, where, how much data is needed, and how data will be collected and analyzed. The document then outlines the typical steps in the research process, including developing hypotheses, defining problems and objectives, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. It also discusses different types of research design such as descriptive, exploratory, and experimental designs. Finally, the document covers what should be included in a research synopsis such as the title, introduction, hypotheses, methodology, literature review, and references.

1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
Media Research
Paper ID-24305
Paper code-BJ(MC)305
Manmeet Kaur

2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Research Design
• RESEARCH DESIGN refers to the plan, structure, and
strategy of research--the blueprint that will guide the
research process.
• Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by
what means concerning an inquiry or a research study
constitute a research design.
• “A research design is the arrangement of conditions for
collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to
combine relevance to the research purpose with
economy in procedure.”

3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Developing Research
Hypotheses
Intriguing Observation,
Intellectual Curiosity
Defining Research
Problem & Objectives
Testing Hypo.:
Data Analysis &
Interpretation
Sampling Design
Refinement of theory
(Inductive Reasoning)
Data Coding,
And
Editing
Developing Operational
Definitions for
Research Variables
Building the Theoretical
Framework and the
Research Model
Data Collection
More Careful Studying
of the Phenomenon
THE PROCESS OF
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
1

4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Content
• More explicitly, the desing decisions happen to be in respect of:
• (i) What is the study about?
• (ii) Why is the study being made?
• (iii) Where will the study be carried out?
• (iv) What type of data is required?
• (v) Where can the required data be found?
• (vi) What periods of time will the study include?
• (vii) What will be the sample design?
• (viii) What techniques of data collection will be used?
• (ix) How will the data be analyzed?
• (x) In what style will the report be prepared?

5. PROCESS OF DESIGNING AND CONDUCTING A RESEARCH
PROJECT:
I What--What was studied?
II What about--What aspects of the
subject were studied?
III What for--What is/was the
significance of the study?
IV What did prior lit./research say?
V What was done--How was the
study conducted?
V What was found?
VI So what?
VII What now?
I Introduction, Research Problems/
Objectives, & Justification
II Literature Review
III Methodology (Research sample,
data collection, measurement,
Data analysis)
IV Results & Discussion
VI Implications
VII Conclusions and
Recommendations for Future
Research

6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Content
• The research design is the conceptual structure
within which research is conducted; it constitutes the
blueprint for the collection, measurement and
analysis of data.
• According to Green & Tull, “A research design is the
specification of methods & procedure for acquiring
the information needed. It is the over all operational
pattern or framework of the project that stipulates
what information is to be collected from which
source.

7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
• Descriptive Research Design
• Systematic description of the facts and
characteristics of a given population or area of
interest factually and correctly
Ex: A survey reporting the result of the master
degree graduate in Journalism from Punjab
University, would be considered a description
study.
Mainly focuses on the WHAT questions
What is the crime Rate in a country?

8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Exploratory Research Design:
Focuses on WHY questions.
Ex: Knowing the facts or explanation about
why the crime rate is high, or why the rate is
higher in some countries than in others.

9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Experimental Research Design
By experiment it refers to the question of the
research in which variables are manipulated
and their effects on the variables are
observed.

10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Synopsis
• It is also known as the research proposal.
• It is an outline of the proposed work, which
contains a clear and concise statement of the
problem, the hypothesis, significance of the
research.
• The research synopsis is the plan for your
research project
• It provides the rational for the research
objectives, the proposed method for data
collection

11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
A research synopsis includes the
following essential parts:
• Title: Brief and self explanatory, relate to the
objective of the study, a sub title for
explanation to the main title (if necessary)
Ex: Study of local pull outs of Newspaper in
Jalandhar
Sub Title: A comparative study of English
dailies
The title of the final report can be different
from the working title of the synopsis

12. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Introduction: contains brief background of
selected topic , must identify the importance
of study, its relevance and applicability of the
results and clearly state the purpose of the
study

13. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Hypotheses: Prediction of the outcomes from
the study, an expected relationship between
the variables, driven from once experience
and knowledge in the area.
• Limitation of the study: what aspects will not
be addressed & how this will limit conclusion,
Some time or money can be a problem

14. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Methodology: Some types of using a method
to conduct a research are survey, content
analysis, experiment, focus study etc
• Review of Literature : summary of the
previous research conducted on the same
area to know what us already known and
what is still is unknown or untested in this
area

15. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Reference: the reader should know all the
sources from where the researcher have
found the knowledge about the topic, be it
books, articles, journals or the any website .

16. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
THANK YOU