2. INDEX
WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER
WHY WE USE
TECHNOLOGY BEHIND
PARTS of a Turbocharger
Turbocharger Design and Operation
Turbocharger Size and Response Time
BOOST CONTROL
TURBOCHARGER FAILURES
Maintenance / Problem
Additional technologies commonly used in turbocharger installations
Applications
Advantages of Turbochargers
The Disadvantages of Turbocharger
Conclusion
References
3. WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ?
It is a turbine driven compressor.
It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to increase the charge
mass of air and power of the engine.
Increase amount of air
Locate at exhausr side
Convert exhaust to mechanical work
Compressor wheel is driven by shaft
High Compress air in the turbocharger passed to intake
4. A TURBOCHARGER IS AN…
…“AIRPUMP” powered by the unused
heat energy normally wasted out the
exhaust.
5. WHY WE USE ?
It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust gases.
Wide range of power levels.
Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.
Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.
Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.
6. TECHNOLOGY BEHIND
Turbocharger is a turbine driven air
compressor and a forced induction device
powered by exhaust gases from the internal
combustion engine.
Here, air is compressed twice once during
induction into the engine and secondly
during compression stroke of the engine
FIGURE 1: A turbocharger uses some of
the heat energy that would normally
be wasted.
7. PARTS of a Turbocharger
Turbine
Compressor
Bearing system
Manifold
Hot lines
Cold lines
Lubrication Lines
Figure 2:
Parts of a Turbocharger
8. TURBOCHARGERS
Turbocharger Design and Operation
A turbocharger
consists of two
chambers
connected by a
center housing.
The two chambers
contain a turbine
wheel and a
compressor wheel
connected by a
shaft which passes
through the center
housing.
FIGURE 3. The exhaust drives the turbine wheel on the
left, which is connected to the impeller wheel on the
right through a shaft. The bushings that support the
shaft are lubricated with engine oil under pressure.
9. TURBOCHARGERS
Turbocharger Size and Response Time
Turbocharger response time is directly related to the size of the turbine and compressor
wheels.
Small wheels accelerate rapidly; large wheels accelerate slowly.
While small wheels would seem to have an advantage over larger ones, they may not
have enough airflow capacity for an engine.
To minimize turbo lag, the intake and exhaust breathing capacities of an engine must
be matched to the exhaust and intake airflow capabilities of the turbocharger.
10. BOOST CONTROL
Both supercharged and turbocharged systems are designed to
provide a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in the intake
manifold.
This increased pressure forces additional amounts of air into the
combustion chamber over what would normally be forced in by
atmospheric pressure.
This increased charge increases engine power.
11. BOOST CONTROL
Wastegate
• A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to increase
boost, which causes the engine to make more
exhaust gases, which in turn increases the boost
from the turbocharger.
• To prevent overboost and severe engine damage,
most turbocharger systems use a wastegate.
• A wastegate is a valve similar to a door that can
open and close.
• The wastegate is a bypass valve at the exhaust
inlet to the turbine.
• It allows all of the exhaust into the turbine, or it can
route part of the exhaust past the turbine to the
exhaust system.
FIGURE 4. A wastegate is
used in the diesel to
control maximum boost
pressure.
12. BOOST CONTROL
Relief Valves
A relief valve vents pressurized air from the
connecting pipe between the outlet of the
turbocharger and the throttle whenever
the throttle is closed during boost, such as
during shifts.
FIGURE 5. A blow-off valve is
used in some turbocharged
systems to relieve boost
pressure during
deceleration.
13. TURBOCHARGER FAILURES
When turbochargers fail to function correctly, a drop in power is
noticed.
To restore proper operation, the turbocharger must be rebuilt,
repaired, or replaced.
It is not possible to simply remove the turbocharger, seal any
openings, and still maintain decent drivability.
14. Maintenance / Problem
LACK OF OIL
DIRTY OIL
MECHANICAL DAMAGE OF VANE WHEELS
WASTEGATE CONTROL PROBLEMS
OIL CAKING
15. Additional technologies commonly
used in turbocharger installations
Intercooling
Water injection
Fuel-air mixture ratio
Wastegate
Anti-surge/dump/blow off valves
Free floating
18. 1.Safety
Vehicles become more responsive and safer to drive with a
turbocharged engine as it can generate as much as seven times
more power as compared to a non-turbocharged engine.
Additionally, turbochargers are also able to prevent the loss of
power at higher altitudes where regular engines will produce lesser
power due to lower air pressure.
19. 2.Petrol Consumption
As the overall turbocharged engine size is smaller, less petrol will then be required to
produce the same amount of power as a non-turbocharged engine. This advantage
can then be translated into a significant petrol cost savings.
20. 3.Eco-friendly
Petrol combustion is easier and more thorough with a turbocharged engine as more air
are delivered to the engine by the turbocharger. The result of this is a much cleaner
process with lesser environmentally unfriendly NOx and CO2 emissions being produced
by a turbocharged engine.
21. 4.Noise Pollution
Turbocharger has the ability to silence any generated noise with its role as an
additional silencer. Furthermore, all thanks to its smaller engine size, the sound-radiating
outer surface is also smaller, thus will be less noisy.
22. 5.Driving Pleasure
Driving is made a real pleasure with a turbocharged engine as turbochargers deliver
more power output and a greater torque, which in turns improve your vehicle’s
performance on the road.
24. Conclusion
It’s a forced induction device
Increasing the efficiency of an engine
Too much boost can result into preignition and knocking
Half's the fuel consumption in an engine
