MENSTRUAL HEALTH & HYGIENE

1. SCIENTIFIC PAPER PRESENTATION
PARUL INSTITUTE OF AYURVEDA
PRESENTED BY-
DR. SUJIT KUMAR
PG SCHOLAR
KRIYA SHARIRA DEPT.
GUIDED BY –
DR.VAIDEHI V. RAOLE ( PROF.)
DR.SUNIL NIKHATE (HOD & ASSO.
PROF.)
MENSTRUAL HEALTH – MENARCHE TO
MENOPAUSE
DEPARTMENT OF KRIYA SHARIRA

3. OUT LINE:
Introduction
Definition
Characteristics of normal menstruation
 T h e hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
Ovarian cycle
Menstrual cycle
 Menstrual health and Hygiene Management

5. INTRODUCTION
 Typically, a woman of childbearing age or
reproductive age (15-45) should menstruate every 28
days or so unless she's pregnant or moving into
menopause. But numerous things can wrong with
the normal menstrual cycle.
The menstrual cycle is essential for the production
of eggs, and for the preparation of the uterus for
pregnancy.

6. DEFINITION
 Menstruation means cyclic uterine bleeding
caused by shedding of progestational endometrium,
it occurs between menarche and menopause.
Menstruation (also called menstrual bleeding
or menses).

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF NORMAL MENSTRUATION
 Menarche: 11-16 years. average 13 years.
 Duration: 2-7 days (<2 days is hypomenorrheaand
>7 days is menorrhagia ).
 Amount: 30-80 ml., uses 3 napkins per day,
(>80 ml. is menorrhagia and < 30 ml., is
hypomenorrhea.

8. THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-OVARIAN
AXIS:
There Are two main components of the menstrual cycle,
the changes that happen in the ovaries in response to
pituitary hormones (i.e. the ovarian cycle)
 And the variations that take place in the uterus,but it is
important to remember that both cycles work together
simultaneously to produce the menstrual cycle.
Changes in cervical mucus also take place during the
course of the menstrual cycle.

10. OVARIAN CYCLE:
The ovarian cycle refers to Periodic changes that
occur in the ovary every month during the ♀
reproductive life.
Cyclical changes is occur in response to, two anterior
pituitary hormones:
 Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH).
 Luteinizing hormone (LH).

11. The changes that occur in the
ovary during each cycle can be
divided into three phases:
1) Follicular phase (day 1-13 )
2) Ovulatory phase(day 13-15)
3) The luteal phase (day 15-28).
These phases run in parallel
with the phases of the uterine
cycle and together comprise
the menstrual cycle.

12. :FOLLICULAR PHASE-1

13.  EACH MENSTRUAL CYCLE, THE HYPOTHALAMUS
SECRETES -----< GNRH, IN A PULSATILE
MANNER TO STIMULATE ----< ANT. PIT. GLAND
TO SECRETES ------< FSH & LH.
 F S H is responsible for the growth of Several
primary follicle.
 The follicular phase is controlled by FSH,
encompasses days 1 to 13 of a 28-day cycle.

14. 2- OVULATORY PHASE

15.  The estrogen peak stimulates secretion of LH
The LH peak leads to :-
The follicle to burst open, releasing the
mature
process
ovum into the abdominal cavity,
called (ovulation). and corpus
luteum formation.
Ovulation occurs on day 14 of a 28-day cycle.

16. 3-LUTEAL PHASE:

17. After ovulation, LH levels remain elevated
and cause the remnants of the follicle to
develop into a yellow body called the corpus
luteum.
 In addition to producing oestrogen, the corpus
luteum secretes a hormone called
progesterone.

18. when progesterone reaches a high level it
inhibits the secretion of LH leads degeneration
of the corpous luteum (If fertilization does not
take place) then,
 oestrogen and progesterone drop & separation
of the endometrium (menstruation) &
stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete more
GnRH, a new cycle is started.

20. II -UTERINE CYCLE:
 T h e uterine cycle refers to the changes that are found
in the uterine lining of the uterus. These changes
come about in response to the ovarian hormones
estrogen and progesterone.
There are 4 four phases to this cycle:
1. Menstrual,
2.proliferative,
3.secretory
4.ischemic.

24. MENSTRUAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE
MANAGEMENT

25. CARE COMFORT MEASURES DURING MENSTRUATION
Menstrual hygiene:
1 - Sanitary pads and tampons:
Wash hands before & after giving self-perinealcare.
Washing or wiping the perineum should be always
done from front to back.
Reduce use of tampons by substituting sanitarypads
especially at night.
 Us e tampon only for heavymenstrual flow.

26. 2 - Vaginal spray and douching:
Spray should be used externally only not withpads.
Should not be applied with broken irritated or itched
skin.
Douching washes away the natural mucus and upsets
the vaginal ecology, thus make it liable to infection.

40. THANK YOU