India is known for its traditional medicinal systems—Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Medical systems are found mentioned even in the ancient Vedas and other scriptures. The Ayurvedic concept appeared and developed between 2500 and 500 BC in India Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous or folk medicine) comprises knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.Alternative medicines are being used by about 60 percent of the world's population. These medicines are not only used by the rural masses for their primary health care in developing countries but are also used in developed countries where modern medicines dominate.India is the largest producer of medicinal plants. There are currently about 250,000 registered medical practitioners of the Ayurvedic system, as compared to about 700,000 of the modern medicine. In India, around 20,000 medicinal plants have been recorded; however, traditional practitioners use only 7,000–7,500 plants for curing different diseases. The proportion of use of plants in the different Indian systems of medicine is Ayurveda 2000, Siddha 1300, Unani 1000, Homeopathy 800, Tibetan 500, Modern 200, and folk 4500. In India, around 25,000 effective plant-based formulations are used in traditional and folk medicine. More than 1.5 million practitioners are using the traditional medicinal system for health care in India.

1. Principles of Traditional system ofPrinciples of Traditional system of
medication(TSM)medication(TSM)
presented by
K.Sudheer Kumar,
Assistant professor.Depot.of pharmacognosy
Chilkur Balaji college of Pharmacy,
Hyderabad.
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2. Modern System or Allopathy
This system was developed in the Western countries. In this
system drugs (tablets, capsules, injections, tonics etc.) are
manufactured using synthetic chemicals and / or chemicals
derived from natural products like plants, animals, minerals
etc.
This system also uses modern equipment for diagnosis,
analysis, surgery etc.
Medicines or drugs of this system is often criticised for its
treatment of the symptoms rather than the cause of the
disease, harmful side effects of certain drugs and for being out of
poor people due to the high cost of drugs and treatment.
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3. • What is traditional medicine?
WHO defines traditional medicine as including
diverse health practices, approaches, knowledge
and beliefs incorporating plant, animal, and/or
mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies,
manual techniques and exercises which can be
used to maintain well-being, as well as to treat,
diagnose or prevent illness.
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4. Types of TSM
Folk Medicine & (AYUSH)
• Ayurveda
• * Yoga(Naturopathy)
• Unani
• Siddha
• Homeopathy
• * Yoga & Naturopahty are drugless therapies.
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5. Principle
• A system of medicine based on the principle of
• “like cures like” -
• Uses the smallest dose possible to produce a
response.
Origins/History
• This principle was first described in Hindu writings
over 3000 years ago
• Also mentioned by Hippocrates , Galen in the 2nd
century.
• More researches done by a German physician Samuel
Hahnemann who developed “Homoeopathy”
Homeopathy
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6. Examples (principle):
Peeling an onion leads to sore, runny eyes, itchy nose
and sneezing – Allium cepa used to treat hay fever and
colds.
Nettle stings produce a burning, itchy wheal on the skin
- Urtica urens is a good remedy for similar skin lesions.
Arsenic poisoning causes severe vomiting and
diarrhoea with burning pains and Arsenicum alb. V.
effective in gastroenteritis and food poisoning.
Diagnosis
consider physical, mental, emotional changes of
patient 6

7. Remedies Preparation
minerals,plants,fish,(marine),insects,
Preparation: Whole plant is macerated in alcohol (tinctures)
• 1 drop added to 99 of solution results in 1C potency and
(1M is equal to 1000C)Standard potencies 6C, 30C,200C,
1M, 10M, 50M….
• Prescription
• 6C for local symptoms e.g. joint pain, skin eruptions
• 30C for acute illness e.g. influenza, diarrhoea and vomiting,
childhood illnesses
• 1M or 10M for strong emotional symptoms e.g. depression,
anxiety etc.
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8. Unani- Tabb-e-Unani( Persian TSM)
Unani system of medicine has its origin in Greece.
It is believed to have been established by the great
physician and philosopher- Hippocrates (460-377
BC). The Arabian scholars and physicians have
played great role in the development of this system.
Principle: According to principles of Unani body is
made up
Four basic elements
of human body
Qualities or states
of human body
Four“humors” of
human body
earth cold Blood
air dry Phlegm(sputum)
Water wet Yellow Bile
fire hot Black Bile
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9. • There is equilibrium in the “humors” and functions of the
body are normal. When the equilibrium of the“humors” is
disturbed and the functions of body are abnormal, that state
is called disease.
Diagnosis: examination of Pulse, urine and stool.
Drugs made from medicinal plants, herbs, minerals, metallic
and animal origin are used for the treatment of diseases.
Hakim established following principle
If a drug produces heat in body, it will be stimulant.
If a drug produces coldness in body, it will be depressant.
Commonly drug termed as Dawa in Unani system of
medication 9

10. S.no Unani terms English terms
1 Aam Qatil Deedan Anthelmintic
2 Dafe Humuzat Antacid
3 Habis Bol Anti-diuretic
4 Hazim Digestive
5 Jazib Absorbant
6 Kasir Riyah carminative
7 Laazey, Muhayyij Irritant
8 Mamooli Mus-hil Mild purgative
9 Qabiz Astringent
10 Radey Repellent,
Divertive
Unani medications
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11. Ayurveda• Ayurveda is a very well documented System of Health
Care Practiced in Indian.
• Comprehensive system that places equal emphasis on
the body, mind and spirit, and it strives to restore the
innate harmony of the individual.
• Ayurveda is the combination of two Sanskrit words
– “ayu” ---life
– “Veda” --Knowledge or science of life
• Practiced in India for over 5000 years(Charaka,
sushrutha&Acharya nagarjuna) Vedas (5000 B.C.)
describe about 100 plants and treatment of various
diseases
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12. - It is believed that Lord Brahma created (Dhanvanthari)
Ayurveda along with the creation of mankind and
universe.
- Principles of Ayurveda and Siddha are similar based on
following…
1) Pancha Mahabutha siddantha-Everything in
universe is composed of 5 basic elements(Human
body)
I. Prudhvi (earth)
II. Apa (water)
III. Teja (fire)
IV. Vayu (air)
V. Akasha (sky).
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13. 2.Tridosha theory (Vata, Pitta and Kapha),states that a
balance of the doshas results in health, while imbalance
results in disease.(three pillars of life)
3.Saptadhatu: (seven forms)
 Rasa(lymph)
 Rakta(blood)
 Meda (adipose tissue)
 Mamsa (flesh)
 Majja(nervine tissue)
 Shukra (reproductive tissue)
 Asthi (bones)
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14. “The science of eight components"(a ā gaṣṭ ṅ ).
1.Kayachikitsa (general medicine): "cure of diseases
affecting the body".
2.Kaumāra-bh tyaṛ and Bala Roga: deals with the
treatment of children.(pediatrics)
3.Shalya tantra deals with surgical techniques.
4.Śālākya-tantra (ophthalmology) deals with diseases
of the teeth, eye, nose, ear etc.
5.Bhuta-vidya deals with the causes, which are not
directly visible and not directly explained
by tridosha,pertaining to micro-organisms.
6.Agada-tantra deals with antidotes to poison.
7.Rasayana-tantra (Geriatrics)/(Anti Aging) : deals
with rejuvenation.
8.Vajikarana tantra (aphrodisiacs) deals with healthy
and desired progeny
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15. Clinical examinations:
Pulse diagnosis
Urine examination
Stool examination
Tongue examination
Eye examination
Skin examination
Assessment of total body appearance
MATERIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL RAW MATERIALS
 95% raw materials of plant origin.
 About 1,000 medicinal plants commonly using.
 58 different types of metals and minerals.
 54 products of animal and marine origin.
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16. Dose: The pediatric dosage is most important factor in
Ayurveda dosage forms.
Charaka states as fallows
Up to 16 years……Bal (child)
17 to 60 years……Middle age
61 to 100 &above…Old age
And further classified in to
Ksheerad…child depend up on milk up to 1 year
Ksheeranand….child up to 4 years(feed with grains,milk,cereals)
For infants up to 1 month 1 Ratti (0.12125 gram) increases up to 1
(Ratti “Abraus precatorius” seed) unit of weight/month for ex..1
year 12 rattis (1 masha) 1masha an year up to 16 years
(For fast acting drugs it is reduced to half) these rules are similar to
dieling’s formula
Vriddhi 16-20
Yavan 21-30
Sampoornta 31-40
Hani(aging decay )41-70
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17. • Swarasa (Expressed Juice)
• Churna (Powders)
• Kwath Churna (Coarse power for making decoction)
• Asava and Arishta ( Fermented liquids)
• Arka (Distilled medicated water)
• Avaleha (Jam like formulations)
• Ghrita (Classified butter based formulations)
• Taila (Medicated/oil based formulations)
• Lepa (For external applications)
• Malhara (Ointment)
• Vati/Gutika(tablet/pill)
• Panaka(syrups)
• Aaschayotana (Eye drops) Karn bindu (Ear drops)Nasaya (Nasal
drops)
• Bhasma (Calcinated ash ) Ras Yoga (Herbo-mineral formulation)17

18. STANDARDIZATION
OF AYURVEDA DRUGS
AuthenticationAuthentication
Heavy Metal
Contaminants
Heavy Metal
Contaminants
Microbial CountMicrobial Count
Pesticide
Residue
Pesticide
Residue
Marker
Component
Marker
Component
Chromatographic
Profile
Chromatographic
Profile
Extractive ValueExtractive Value
Ash ValueAsh Value
Volatile
Matter
Volatile
Matter
Macroscopy &
Microscopy
Macroscopy &
Microscopy
Organoleptic
Evaluation
Organoleptic
Evaluation
Foreign MatterForeign Matter
Authentication and Standardization of Herbal Raw Material18

19. AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA [API]
 ABOUT 1000 SINGLE DRUGS AND 8000 COMPOUND
FORMULATIONS OF RECOGNIZED MERIT ARE USED IN INDIA.
 AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIAL COMMITTEE [APC]
TARGETED STUDY ON 600 SINGLE DRUGS.
 FIVE VOLUMES OF AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA
(API) HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED.
API VOL I 80 drugs
API VOL II 78 drugs
API VOL III 100 drugs
API VOL IV 68 drugs
API VOL.V 92 drugs
Total 418 drugs
API Vol. VI & VII are in pipeline - 160 drugs
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20. Conclusion
Today's medical science gives us quick relief but not the
guarantee of health. for health guarantee, we will have to
go back to holistic health care whether it is any TSM
Additional research needs to be conducted in the areas of
– Biochemical
– Pharmacological&Toxological
– Phyto pharmaceutical
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21. Thank
you 21
“Trees are considered to be meditating souls(yogi)
and
Research is a kind of process of meditation(yoga)”