business psychology , personality perception and attribution. behaviour

1. Chapter 3
Nelson & Quick
Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.
Personality,
Perception,
and
Attribution

2. Personality
A relatively stable set of
characteristics that influences an
individual’s behavior

4. Trait Theory
understand
individuals by
breaking down
behavior patterns
into observable
traits
Gordon Allport
Psychodynamic Theory
emphasizes the
unconscious determinants
of behavior Sigmund Frued

5. Humanistic Theory
emphasizes
individual growth
and improvement
Integrative
Approach
describes personality
as a composite of an
individual’s
psychological
processes
Abraham Maslow
Phineas Parkhurst Quimby

6. Five Personality Traits
Big!

7. Extraversion
High Low
Joiner
Talkative
Active
Loner
Quiet
Passive

8. Agreeableness
High Low
Trusting
Soft-
Hearted
Good
natured
Suspiciou
s
Critical
Ruthless

9. Conscientiousness
High Low
Hard-
working
Well
organized
Punctual
Suspiciou
s
Critical
Ruthless

10. Emotional Stability
High Low
Worried
Emotional
Self-
conscious
Calm
Comfortabl
e
Unemotiona
l

11. Openness to experience
High Low
Imaginative
Creative
Curious
Down to
earth
Conventiona
l
Uncurious

13. Locus of ControlI control
what
happens to
me
People and
circumstances
control my
fate!

14. Self-Self-
EfficacyEfficacy

15. Self-Esteem
Feelings of Self
Worth
Success tends
to increase
self-esteem
Failure tends
to decrease
self-esteem

16. Self-Monitoring
Behavior based on
Cues from people
& situations

17. High
More sensitive
Ready to face changing
Situation
Low
less likely to respond
to work group
Norms or supervisory
feedback

18. Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator (MBTI)
Instrument measuring
Jung’s theory of
individual differences.
How Can Personality
Be Measured?

21. A strong
situation can
overwhelm the effects
of individual
personalities
by providing strong
cues
for appropriate
behavior

22. Strong
personaliti
es
will
dominate
in a weak
situation

23. Behavior
the way in which one
acts or conducts
oneself, especially
toward others

24. Behavior
The Person
Personality
Perceptions
Attitudes
The Environment
Organization
Work group
Personal life

26. Self-serving Bias -Self-serving Bias -
tendency to attribute one’s own
successes to internal causes and
one’s failures to external causes

27. Social Perception
interpreting
information about
another person

28. Barriers
Selective Perception
Stereotyping
First Impression erro