List of Insect Vector Transmitted Plant Diseases & Terminology
1. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
1
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Submitted To:-
DR. JAM NAZEER AHMAD
Submitted By:-
Muhammad Salah-ud-Din
2016-ag-766
M.Sc. (Hons.) Entomology
2nd
Semester
Department of Entomology
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad
2. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
2
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
List of Insect Vector Transmitted Plant Diseases
Crop Insect Vector
Techanical
Name
Insect Photo
Pathogen
Transmitted
Disease Disease Photo
Viral Diseases
Cotton
Whitefly
Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci Gemnivirus Particle
Cotton Leaf
Curl Virus
Papaya
Whitefly
Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci Gemnivirus Particle
Papaya Leaf
Curl Virus
Banana
Aphid
Hemiptera:
Aphididae
Pentalonia
nigronervosa
SSRNA Particle
Banana bunchy
Top Virus
Potato
Beetle
Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae
Ephilachna ocellata Potato Virus X PVX
3. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
3
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Aphid
Hemiptera:
Aphididae
Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
Potato Virus Y PVY
Aphid
Hemiptera:
Aphididae
Myzus persicae RNA virus
Potato Leaf
Roll Virus
Tomato
Whitefly
Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia argentifolii PLRV
Tomato Leaf
Curl Virus
4. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
4
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Tomato Thrip
Thysanoptera:
Thripidae
Frankliniella
schultzei
TSWV
Tomato Spotted
Wilt Virus
Chilli
Aphid
Hemiptera:
Aphididae
Aphis gossypii CMV Chilli Mosaic
Whitefly
Homoptera:
Aleyrodidae
Bemisia tabaci Gemnivirus Particle
Chilli Leaf Curl
Virus
6. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
6
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Barley
Aphid
Hemiptera:
Aphididae
Schizaphis
graminum
Gemnivirus Particle
Barley Yellow
Dwarf Viruses
Fig
Eriophyid Mite
Acari : Eriophyidae
Aceria fici SSRNA Particle
Fig Mosaic
Virus
Peach
Fastidious Bud Mite
Acari : Eriophyoidea
Eriophyes insidiosus
Peach Mosaic
Virus (PMV)
Maize
Small Brown
Planthopper,
Delphacidae:
Hemipter
Laodelphax
Striatellus
DSRNA Partical
Maize Rough
Dwarf Virus
7. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
7
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Maize Leafhopper
Cicadellidae:
Hemipter
Cicadulina Mbila
Geminivirus
Partical
Maize Streak
Mosaic Virus
Fungal Diseases
Mango
Bark Beetle
Coleoptera:
Curculionidae
Hypocryphalus
mangiferae
MSDS
Mango Sudden
Death Disease
Mango bud (or gall)
mite. Acari :
Eriophyoidea
Aceria mangiferae fungal
Mango
malformation
Elm
European Elm Bark
Beetle
Coleoptera:
Curculionidae
Opiostoma ulmi spore
Dutch Elm
Disease
8. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
8
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Oak
Sap Beetle
Coleoptera:
Nitidulidae
Carpophilus
lugubris
Ceratocystis
fagacearum
Oak Wilt
Disease
Bacterial Diseases
Citrus
Asian Citrus Psyllid
Hemiptera: Psyllidae
Diaphorina Citri Labri Bacteri
Citrus
Greening
Sesame
Indicum
Leaf Hopper
Cicadellidae:
Hemiptera
Orocious
Albicineous ;
O. Orientalis
Phytoplasma
Phylodi
Pear
Pear Psylla
Hemiptera:
Psyllidae
Cacopsylla Pyricola Phytoplasma
Pear Decline
Phytoplasma
9. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
9
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Potato
Psllid
Potato
Psyllid
Triozidae :
Hemiptera
Bactericera
Cockerelli
Psyllid-Borne
Bacterium
Potato Zebra
Chip Disease
Nematodal Diseases
Milkweed
Milkweed Bug
Hemiptera :
Lygaeidae
Oncopeltus fasciatus Nematode Trypanosomes
10. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
10
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Terminology
Vector
An agent that transports a microorganism from one host to another. Insects that transmit plant
disease are called vectors.
Disease
Any condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism or body. Or Disorder of
normal functioning of an organism
Epidemiology
The study of disease in populations of an organism.
Koch’s postulates
In 1890 the German physician and bacteriologist Robert Koch set out his celebrated criteria for
judging whether a given bacteria is the cause of a given disease. Koch's criteria brought some
much-needed scientific clarity to what was then a very confused field.
1. The organism must be regularly associated with the disease and its characteristic lesions.
2. The organism must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in culture.
3. The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the organism is introduced into a
healthy, susceptible host.
4. The same organism must be reisolated from the experimentally infected host.
Koch’s postulates for the 21st century as suggested by Fredricks and Relman:
1. A nucleic acid sequence belonging to a putative pathogen should be present in most cases
of an infectious disease. Microbial nucleic acids should be found preferentially in those
organs or gross anatomic sites known to be diseased, and not in those organs that lack
pathology.
2. Fewer, or no, copy numbers of pathogen-associated nucleic acid sequences should occur
in hosts or tissues without disease.
3. With resolution of disease, the copy number of pathogen-associated nucleic acid
sequences should decrease or become undetectable. With clinical relapse, the opposite
should occur.
4. When sequence detection predates disease, or sequence copy number correlates with
severity of disease or pathology, the sequence-disease association is more likely to be a
causal relationship.
5. The nature of the microorganism inferred from the available sequence should be
consistent with the known biological characteristics of that group of organisms.
6. Tissue-sequence correlates should be sought at the cellular level: efforts should be made
to demonstrate specific in situ hybridization of microbial sequence to areas of tissue
pathology and to visible microorganisms or to areas where microorganisms are presumed
to be located.
7. These sequence-based forms of evidence for microbial causation should be reproducible.
11. Assignment Department of Entomology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
2017
11
February 7, 2017 MUHAMMAD SALAH-UD-DIN
Transmission
Transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an
infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the
other individual was previously infected.
Physical Transmission
In case of mechanical transmission the pathogen is simply carried externally or internally by
the insect. Mostly Caused insects that have biting/chewing mouthparts.
Biological Transmission
Specific insect and the specific viral pathogen have some kind of association or relationship
between the two. Mostly Caused insects that have sucking mouthparts.
1) Circulative, propagative and Persistent Transmission:
The virus circulates in the host but actually infects insect cells and replicates in the vector.
2) Non-Persistent and Non-circulative (NC) Transmission:
The virus binds the stylet during feeding and is released when the insect secrets saliva on a new
feeding place. Transmission-Stylet Borne. Virus Acquired in “Test Probes” of 20 to 30 Seconds.
Virus Transmitted in “Test Probes” of 20 to 30 Seconds. Virus Retained by the Vector for < One
Hour.
3) Semi-Persistent
Require Longer Acquisition Times, up to Several Minutes of Feeding Very Short Latent Period
Transmissible Within A Couple of Hours Vector Retains the Ability to Transmit the Virus for
Several Hours up to Several Days—Looses Ability to Transmit the Virus After a Molt.
Source of Disease Transmission
i. Water
ii. Soil
iii. Insect & Mite
iv. Human
v. Animal
vi. Birds