Supervision in Nursing and Health care Professionals

1. Dr. Rahul B. Pandit
Faculty of Nursing
Sassoon General Hospital, Pune

2. Concept
The word Supervision derived from two
word Super + Vision (See)
It means ‘Overseeing’
Supervision means overseeing the
employee at work.
Supervision is the act of watching a
person or activity and making certain
that everything is done correctly,
safely.

3. Definition
Supervision is defined as the authoritative
direction of the work of ones subordinates.
Supervision is a kind of teaching which
involves, advising, helping, inspiring
leading and liberating.
- Jean Barrett

4. The major factors of the supervisor’s work and
equipments are as follows:
• Technical, i.e. familiarity with the know
how of the work to be supervised.
• Institutional i.e., familiarity with the
policies and procedures governing the work
to be supervised.
• Human i.e., ability to deal tactfully with the
worker under supervision.
Definition

5.  Supervision earlier conceived as Inspecting
and finding fault.
 Supervision is much more than inspection
 Now the modern concept of supervision is to
guide and help the subordinates in their work
by training, educating, guiding and
counseling.
 Supervision includes inspecting another work,
evaluating his/her performance and
approving / correcting performance.
Nature of Supervision

6. Types
Generally there are two types of supervision
Direct Supervision
Indirect Supervision

7. Direct Supervision
Face to face with worker
Important point to be remembered while
direct supervision
 Do not loose temper
 Use democratic approach
 Give chance to worker to reply
 Do not talk too much or fast
 Be human
 Do not give instruction haphazard way

8. Indirect Supervision
With help of record and report of worker
Ensure every worker is carrying out
allotted work as per plan
Analyze monthly progress report of
worker.
Providing support and guidance to all
worker
Ensure that worker is utilizing full
capacity in job.

9. Purpose of Supervision
Inspect
Evaluate
Correct / Improve
Performance of worker

10. Objectives of Supervision
Help the staff to do their job skillfully
and effectively.
Help staff to develop the individual
capacity.
Assist staff in meeting predetermined
work objectives.
Help to promote cost effectiveness

11. Objectives of Supervision
Help to motivate subordinates.
Help member to identify problem and
solve them.
Help to develop team spirit and promote
team work.
Help to improve attitude of the member
towards work.

12. Supervision Criteria
Following performance elements should be
appraised
Quality of work output
Quantity of work output
Time use
Utilization f resources
Assistance to co – worker
Suggestions to administrator / Co –
worker.

13. Factors of effective supervision
Human relation skill
Technical and managerial knowledge
Leadership position
Improve upward relation
Relief from non supervisory duty
General and loose supervision

14. Function of Supervision
Orientation of newly posted staff
Assessment of workload
Assess need of supplies and equipment
Co-ordination with worker
Evaluation of worker
Helping individual to cope with problem
Facilitate flow of communication
Raise the level of motivation
Establish control and confidence
Record Keeping

15. Principles of Supervision
 Supervision should not be overburdened to
any individual or group.
 Supervision causing unreasonable pressure for
achievements results in low performance and
low confidence in the supervisor.
 Supervise diagnosis do not overestimate his
understanding and memory.
 Human behavior with due consideration to
human weaknesses. This should be kept in
minds of supervisors.

16. Principles of Supervision
 Supervisors should create atmosphere of cordially
and mutual trust.
 Supervision should be planned and adopted to the
changing conditions. It calls for good planned and
organization.
 Supervisor must possess sound professional
knowledge.
 Supervision to be exercised without giving the
subordinate a sense that they are being
supervised.
 Supervision strives to make the unit a good learning
situation. It should be a teaching-learning process.

17. Principles of Supervision
 Supervision should foster the ability of each staff
member to think and act for herself/himself.
 Supervision should encourages worker’s
participation in decision making.
 Supervision needs good communication.
 Supervision should have strength to influence
downwards depends on capacity to influence
upwards.
 Supervision is a process of cooperation and
coordination.
 Supervision should create suitable climate for
productive work.

18. Principles of Supervision
 Supervision should give autonomy to workers
depending from personality, competence and
characteristics.
 Supervision should respect the personality of the
staff.
 Supervision should stimulate the workers/staff
ambitions to grow in effectiveness.
 Supervision should focus on continued stag
growth and development.
 Supervision is responsible for checking and
guidance.
 Good leadership is part of good supervision.

19. Methods of Supervision
Technical Vs Creative Supervision
Co - operative Vs Authoritarian supervision
Scientific Vs Intuitive Supervision

20. Technique of Supervision
Individual and group conference
Anecdotal record
Supervision of nursing procedure
Reassurance
Incidental teaching
Observation (Check List) and rating scale
Written Policies

21. Qualities of supervisor
Aware to rule & regulation and situation
Thoroughness
Fairness
Initiative
Enthusiasm
Emotional control
Personal qualification
Good judgment
Sympathetic

22. Qualities of supervisor
Intelligence
Teaching ability
General outlook
Skill, knowledge and attitude required for
supervision
Interpersonal & professional skills
Professional and technical knowledge
Attitude

23. Duties of supervisor
Understand the duties and responsibilities
of his own position.
Plan the execution of work
Divide the work among subordinates and
direct and assist them.
Improve his own knowledge as technical
expert and leader.
Improve his work method.
Train the personnel

24. Duties of supervisor
Evaluate the performance of employee.
Correct the mistakes and solve the
problem of employee.
Develop discipline among employee
Keep subordinate informed about policies
and procedure of the organization.
Cooperate the colleagues.
Deal with employees suggestions and
complaints.