4. Sufficient
Distribution
Absence of glare
Absence of sharp shadow
Steadiness
Color of light
Surrounding
REQUIREMENTS
5. Luminous intensity
Luminous flux
Illumination
Brightness or liminance
MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT
6. Visible sky
Reflection
Natural light
Planning of house
Removal of obstruction
windows and door
Interior of room
SOURCES OF LIGHT
7. Man made light
For human to function properly
It is required when day light is not
effective
All artificial light can be turn on off with
switch.
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
8. 1. It cause degradation of bilirubin.
2. Stimulate production of melanin in skin and
vitamin D
3. Increases food comsumption.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF
LIGHTING
9. Tungsten lighting
Halogen lighting
Fluorescent lighting
High density discharge lamp
METHODS OF LIGHTING
10. Invented by Thomas Edison
Used tungsten filament
Electricity passes to filament it gets heated up and produce
light.
Advantages
• Cheap and easily available
• Suitable for small area
• Safe handling
Disadvantages
• Not suitable for large area
TUNGSTEN LIGHTING
11. • This is incandescent bulb uses halogen gas.
• Halogen gas increases the light output
Advantages
• Easy to handle
• Longer life
• Brighter that tungsten bulb
Disadvantages
• Expensive
• UV ray damage collagen fibers of the skin.
• Continuous exposure lead to formation of cataract.
HALOGEN BULB
12. • It is narrow long glass tube.
• This tube filled with gas argon, eon or krypton
• White light
Advantages
• Cheaper
• Long life
• Now a days colorful
Disadvantages
• Complex connection
FLUORESCENT LIGHTING
13. • High Density Discharge Lamp widely used in
stores, street.
Advantages
• Brighter
Disadvantages
• Glare
• Expensive
HIGH DENSITY
DISCHARGE LAMP
14. • It is most efficient form of lighting
• Very economical
• Long lasting
• Produce more light
• Expensive
• LED contain arsenic and other harmful
substances.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES