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CloudStack For
Beginners
Iliyas Shirol
BigData/Cloud Evangelist, InMobi
$ whoami
# OpenSource Evangelist and FOSS promoter
since 2004
# Founder of LOAD (Linux On A Desktop) project.
# SysAdmin, DBA and an Ethical Hacker

# And yeah, I love to be on Cloud 
$ whoareu
# Experience with Cloud ?

# Experience with CloudStack ?
# Which other IaaS platforms do you use ?
# Any expectations ? :)
Cloud stack for_beginners
$ Agenda
• Overview of CloudStack
• CloudStack Architecture

• Demo of CloudStack
• Q&A
$ What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud

Virtualization
Server Virtualization++

Cloud
•

•
•

10x more
scaleable
2-5x lower
cost
100% more
open

Built for traditional
enterprise apps & clientserver compute

Designed around big data,
massive scale & next-gen
apps

• Enterprise arch for 100s of
hosts
• Scale-up (server clusters)
• Apps assume reliability
• IT Mgmt-centric [1:Dozens]
• Proprietary vendor stack

• Cloud architecture for 1000s
of hosts
• Scale-out (multi-site server
farms)
• Apps assume failure
• Autonomic [1:1,000’s]
• Open, value-added stack

Think: vCloud Director
Enterprises should, and
will, make SV 1.0 more
cloud-like…

Think: AWS, RAX, zCloud,
eBay, etc.
…but adoption of new
cloud architecture is the
future
$ What is CloudStack?
• Secure, multi-tenant cloud
orchestration platform

Build your cloud the way the
world’s most successful
clouds are built

– Turnkey platform for delivering
IaaS clouds
– Hypervisor agnostic
– Massively scalable, secure and
open
– Open source, open standards
– Deploys on premise or as a
hosted solution

• Deliver cloud services
faster and at a fraction of
the cost
$ CloudStack Background
• OpenSource IaaS platform, now under ASL 2.0

license
• A proven cloud platform
– Developed since 2008 by Cloud.com
– Acquired by Citrix in 2011
– Citrix donated to Apache Software Foundation (ASF) in

April 2012
– Version 4.2.0 available for download at
http://cloudstack.apache.org/downloads.html
– Powering some of the world’s largest clouds today.
$ Architecture / Language
• Java application
• Tomcat6, Axis2, Maven build + ant
– Ant going away in 4.1

• Moving towards a plugin architecture
$ CloudStack Supports Multiple
Cloud Strategies
Private Clouds

Public Clouds
Hosted
Enterprise
Cloud

On-premise
Enterprise
Cloud

•
•

•
•

Dedicated
resources
Security & total
control
Internal network
Managed by
Enterprise or 3rd
party

•
•
•
•

Dedicated
resources
Security
SLA bound
3rd party
owned and
operated

Multi-tenant
Public Cloud

•
•
•
•

Mix of shared
and dedicated
resources
Elastic scaling
Pay as you go
Public
internet, VPN
access
CloudStack Provides On-demand
Access to Infrastructure Through a
Self-Service Portal
Org A

Org B

Admin

End User

Admin

Users

Users

Users

Compute

Network

Admin

Citrix Confidential - Do Not Distribute

Storage
$ What About OpenStack?

“CloudStack 3.0 is open
source, but it is NOT based
on OpenStack”
What can CloudStack
do?
$ Massively Scalable Infrastructure
Management
• CloudStack can manage tens of thousands of servers
installed in multiple geographically distributed datacenters

• The centralized management server scales linearly,
eliminating the need for intermediate cluster-level
management servers
• No single component failure can cause cloud-wide outage
• Periodic maintenance of the management server can be
performed without affecting the functioning of virtual
machines running in the cloud
$ Multiple Hypervisor Support
• A single cloud deployment can contain multiple
hypervisors

• Including Citrix XenServer, Oracle VM, KVM and
vSphere
• Freedom to choose the right hypervisor for
the workload
$ Automatic Configuration Management
• CloudStack automatically configures each guest
virtual machine’s networking and storage settings

• CloudStack internally manages a pool of virtual
appliances to support the cloud itself
• These appliances offer services such as
firewalling, routing, DHCP, VPN access, console
proxy, storage access, and storage replication
$ Graphical User Interface
• CloudStack offers an administrator's
Web interface, used for provisioning
and managing the cloud
• Also used as an end-user's Web
interface for running VMs and
managing VM templates
• The UI can be customized to reflect
the desired service provider or
enterprise look and feel
$ API and Extensibility
• CloudStack provides an API that gives
programmatic access to all the management
features available in the UI
• The API enables the creation of command line
tools and new user interfaces to suit particular
needs
$ High Availability
• The CloudStack platform has a number of features to increase
the availability of the system

• The Management Server may be deployed in a multi-node
installation where the servers are load balanced
• The CloudStack Database may be configured to use replication
to provide for a manual failover in the event of database loss
• For the Hosts, the CloudStack platform supports NIC bonding
and the use of separate networks for storage as well as iSCSI
Multipath
End-User Experience
$ Create Custom Virtual Machines
via Service Offerings
Select Operating
System
• Windows, Linux
Select Compute
Offering
• CPU & RAM
Select Data Disk
Offering
• Volume Size
Select Network Offering
• Network & Services

Create VM
$ Dashboard Provides Overview of
Consumed Resources

•

Running, Stopped &
Total VMs

•

Public IPs

•

Private networks

•

Latest Events

Citrix Confidential - Do Not Distribute
$ Virtual Machine Management

Users

VM Operations

Start
Stop
Restart
Destroy

Console Access

VM Status

Change
Service Offering

•

CPU Utilized

2 CPUs

4 CPUs

•

Network Read

1 GB
RAM

4 GB
RAM

•

Network Writes

20 GB

200 GB

20
Mbps

100
Mbps
$ Volume & Snapshot Management
Add / Delete
Volumes

Create Templates
from Volumes

Schedule
Snapshots

View Snapshot
History

VM 1
Volume

Volume

Template

Hourly

Weekly

Daily

Monthly

Now

….
12/2/2012 7.30 am

2/2/2012 7.30 am
$ Network & Network Services

•

Create Networks and attach
VMs

•

Acquire public IP address for
NAT & load balancing

•

Control traffic to VM using
ingress and egress firewall
rules

•

Set up rules to load balance
traffic between VMs
Cloud Architecture
$ Open Platform to Suit Customer Needs
Compute

Hypervisor
XenServer

Storage

Oracle VM

KVM

Bare metal

Fiber
Channel

NFS

Swift

Load
balancer

VPN

Block & Object
Local Disk

Network

VMware

iSCSI

Network & Network Services
Network
Type

Isolation

Firewall
$ Multi-tenancy & Account Management
•

Domain can have
arbitrary levels of subdomains

•

A Domain can have
one or more accounts

•

Resources

Domain is a unit of
isolation that
represents a customer
org, business unit or a
reseller

•

Cloud

An Account represents
one or more users and
is the basic unit of
isolation

•

Admin can limit
resources at the
Account or Domain

VMs, IPs,
Snapshots…

Domain
Org A

Admin
Domain
Reseller A

Admin

Resources

VMs, IPs,
Snapshots…

Sub-Domain
Org C

Admin
Account

Group A
Account
Group B

User 1
User 2
$ Architecture
• A CloudStack installation consists of two parts

• The Management Server
• The cloud infrastructure that it manages
Managem
ent
Server

Hyperviso
r

Machine 1

Machine 2

Simplified view of a basic
deployment
$ The Management Server
• Manages the assignment of guest VMs to
particular hosts
• Manages the assignment of public and private IP
addresses to particular accounts
• Manages the allocation of storage to guests as
virtual disks
• Manages snapshots, templates, and ISO
images, possibly replicating them across data
centers
• Provides a single point of configuration for the
$ The Management Server
• Provides the web user interface for the
administrator and a reference user interface for
end users
• Provides the APIs for the CloudStack platform
$ CloudStack Management Server
Database
• All CloudStack objects are stored in the
CloudStack Database
• CloudStack tracks changes in the database

• CloudStack uses MySQL for the database
• Multiple DB servers & replication is possible
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Host
• A host is a single computer

• Hosts provide the computing
resources that run the guest virtual
machines
• Each host has hypervisor software
installed to manage guest VMs
• The host is the smallest
organizational unit within a
CloudStack deployment
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Cluster
• A clusters consists of one or more hosts
• Provides a way to group hosts

• With one primary storage server

V
M

• One primary storage server per cluster is typical
• Can use local storage on each host

• The hosts in a cluster:
•
•
•
•

Have identical hardware
Run the same hypervisor
Are on the same subnet
Access the same shared primary storage

• Virtual machine instances can be live-migrated

from one host to another within the same cluster

Primary
Storage
Cluster
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Pod
• A pod consist of one or more
clusters
• A pod often represents a single
rack
• Hosts in the same pod are in the
same subnet

Pod
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Zone
• A zone consists of one or more pods

• Plus secondary storage
• Shared by all the pods in the zone

• Often corresponds to a single
datacenter, but multiple zones are
permitted

• Organizing infrastructure into zones
provides physical isolation and
redundancy

Secondar
y
Storage
Zone
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Primary Storage
• Primary storage is associated with a
cluster
• Stores the disk volumes for all the VMs
running on hosts in a cluster
• Shared storage is normally
recommended
• NFS
• iSCSI
• Fibre Channel

• But, some situations use local storage
• Where high availability isn't needed
• Where greater disk I/O is needed
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Secondary
Storage
•Secondary storage is Associated with a zone
• Stores:
• Templates - OS images used to create VMs
• ISO Images - Images that can be bootable or
non-bootable
• Disk volume snapshots (saved copies of VM
data)

• Secondary storage available to all
hosts in the zone

• Secondary storage must be NFS
• Or NFS + Swift
$ Cloud Infrastructure Summary

CloudStack
Management
Server

• One or more hosts grouped
into a cluster

Second
ary
Storag
e

• One or more clusters
grouped into a pod
• One or more pods grouped
into a zone
• One or more zones
controlled by one
management server

Pod
Zone
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Basic
Networking
• Basic Shared Public
Network

• All zone tenants share a single flat
Intern
public network
et
• Tenant isolation provided by
Security Groups
Physica
• Hypervisor level firewall IP Address filtering
l Router
• Layer 3 Isolation
• Scales much better than VLANs
Public Network
• CloudStack virtual system router
provides
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
CS
• DHCP
3
2
1
2
3
1
Virtual
• DNS
192.168.1.55
192.168.1.56192.168.1.57 192.168.1.58192.168.1.59 192.168.1.60
Router
Customer 1

Customer 2
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Advanced
Networking
• Advanced networking provides:
• Multiple VLANs for isolation
• L2TP-based VPN
• Virtual router is gateway
• Load balancer available
• 1:1 NAT
• Metering data
• One virtual router per account
• Does not scale as well

Intern
et

Physica
l Router
Public Network

CS
Virtual
Router
VLAN 100

VM
1

CS
Virtual
Router
Customer Private
Networks

VM
VM
2
3
Customer 1

VLAN 200

VM
VM
VM
2
3
1
Customer 2
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Small-Scale
Network
192.168.10.12
192.168.10.15

Management
Server

Primary
Storage
Public IP
50.43.51.125

Second
ary
Storage

192.168.10.0/24

Internet
Router &
Firewall

Layer-2
Switch

192.168.1
0.21
IP addresses are

192.168.1
0.22

192.168.1
0.23

Computing Nodes

192.168.10
.24
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Large-Scale
Redundant Network
Internet

Internet

Layer-3 switches with
firewall modules

Layer-2 switches

Computing Nodes

NFS
Secondary
Storage

Primary
Storage
Primary
Storage

Primary
Storage Servers

Primary
Storage
Primary
Storage

Pod 2

Secondary
Storage Servers

NFS
Secondary
Storage

Pod 1

Managemen
t Server
Cluster
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Multi-Site
Deployment
• Single Management Server can

manage multiple zones
• Zones can be geographically

distributed
• Low latency links required

• 5-10K hosts per Management

Server
• Multiple MS nodes can be
deployed as cluster for scale or
redundancy
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Multi-Site
Deployment
Primary
Managemen
t Server

Secondar
y
Mgmt
Server

MySQL
Replication

Data Center
2

Availabi
lity
Zone 1

Availability
Zone 4
Data Center
4

Data Center 1
Availability
Zone 2
Availability
Zone 3
Data Center 3
Let’s Build Our Cloud 
$ CloudStack Requirements
• CloudStack requires at a
minimum:
admin
• A server to host the Management Server
Console
• A PC for the management console
• A Hypervisor or Bare Metal machine
• NFS shared storage
• A 1GB or above network

Primary
Storage

Secondar
y Storage

NFS Server

CloudStack
Management
Server
$ Management Server (Minimum
Requirements)
• Operating system: RHEL/CentOS 6.2 64-bit only

• 64-bit x86 CPU (more cores results in better
performance)
• 4 GB of memory
• 250 GB of local disk Minimum (500 GB is
recommended)
• At least 1 NIC (Gigabit Network is recommended)

• Statically allocated IP address
• Fully qualified domain name as returned by the
$ Storage Requirements
• CloudStack needs two types of storage

• Primary storage is used for storing the guest VM
root disks as well as additional data disk volumes
• Secondary storage is used for templates ISOs &
snapshots
• Primary Storage can be any storage (including
local) that is supported by the hypervisor
• Secondary Storage must be NFS or NFS+Swift
$ Hosts (Hypervisors) Requirements
• Hardware should be supported by hypervisor
vendor
• Memory and CPU should planned like any
capacity planning
• Citrix XenServer® 6.0.0 + CSP

• VMware vSphere 4.1™/ VMware vSphere 5 ™
with at least Standard license (with vMotion)
• KVM running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2
• OVM Server v2.3
$ Network Requirements
• 1 GB or 10 GB Network

• IP range for Private Network & Public Network excluded
from local DHCP
• Managed Switches with VLAN Trunking (if using
Advanced Network)
• Static IPs for all major components (CloudStack, Hosts,
NFS server)
• Connectivity between CloudStack, hosts and NFS
• NTP setup on all servers is highly recommended
$ Prepare the Operating System
• Configure the hostname
– hostname --fqdn

• Configure the network
– ping cloudstack.org

• Change mode of SELinux to ‘permissive’
$ Configure the YUM repo
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/cloudstack.repo
[cloudstack]

name=cloudstack
baseurl=http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/rhel/4.1/

enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
$ Install Management Server
yum install cloudstack-management
$ Storage Configuration
• Export /primary and /secondary from the

Management server.
• Enable rpcbind & nfs to start at boot.
– chkconfig nfs rpcbind on

• showmount -e
$ Install vhd-util (Only for
XenServer)
wget -c
http://download.cloud.com.s3.amazona
ws.com/tools/vhd-util
cp vhd-util /usr/share/cloudstackcommon/scripts/vm/hypervisor/xenserv
er/
$ Install the Database Server
• yum install mysql-server
• Add the params to my.cnf
innodb_rollback_on_timeout=1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600
max_connections=350
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format = 'ROW'
$ Setup the database
cloudstack-setup-databases
cloud:cloud@localhost --deployas=root
* Runs the SQL and creates the necessary
databases.
• cloudstack-setup-management
– Setup iptables, sudoers & starts the management server.
$ Prepare the System VM
Template
/usr/share/cloudstackcommon/scripts/storage/secondary/cloudinstall-sys-tmplt -m /secondary -u
http://download.cloud.com/templates/acton/
acton-systemvm-02062012.vhd.bz2 -h
xenserver

Installation Complete 
Login Into The UI
http://x.x.x.x:8080/client
$ The Future Needs You
• Project website : http://cloudstack.apache.org/
• Mailing lists :
– users-subscribe@cloudstack.apache.org
– dev-subscribe@cloudstack.apache.org

• IRC:

#CloudStack on irc.freenode.net

• Join your local CloudStack group 
– http://www.meetup.com/CloudStack-Bangalore-Group
64

© 2010 Wipro Ltd - Confidential
Questions ?
Iliyas Shirol
BigData/Cloud Evangelist, InMobi
Email : iliyas dot shirol at gmail dot com

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Cloud stack for_beginners

  • 2. $ whoami # OpenSource Evangelist and FOSS promoter since 2004 # Founder of LOAD (Linux On A Desktop) project. # SysAdmin, DBA and an Ethical Hacker # And yeah, I love to be on Cloud 
  • 3. $ whoareu # Experience with Cloud ? # Experience with CloudStack ? # Which other IaaS platforms do you use ? # Any expectations ? :)
  • 5. $ Agenda • Overview of CloudStack • CloudStack Architecture • Demo of CloudStack • Q&A
  • 6. $ What is Cloud Computing? Cloud Virtualization
  • 7. Server Virtualization++ Cloud • • • 10x more scaleable 2-5x lower cost 100% more open Built for traditional enterprise apps & clientserver compute Designed around big data, massive scale & next-gen apps • Enterprise arch for 100s of hosts • Scale-up (server clusters) • Apps assume reliability • IT Mgmt-centric [1:Dozens] • Proprietary vendor stack • Cloud architecture for 1000s of hosts • Scale-out (multi-site server farms) • Apps assume failure • Autonomic [1:1,000’s] • Open, value-added stack Think: vCloud Director Enterprises should, and will, make SV 1.0 more cloud-like… Think: AWS, RAX, zCloud, eBay, etc. …but adoption of new cloud architecture is the future
  • 8. $ What is CloudStack? • Secure, multi-tenant cloud orchestration platform Build your cloud the way the world’s most successful clouds are built – Turnkey platform for delivering IaaS clouds – Hypervisor agnostic – Massively scalable, secure and open – Open source, open standards – Deploys on premise or as a hosted solution • Deliver cloud services faster and at a fraction of the cost
  • 9. $ CloudStack Background • OpenSource IaaS platform, now under ASL 2.0 license • A proven cloud platform – Developed since 2008 by Cloud.com – Acquired by Citrix in 2011 – Citrix donated to Apache Software Foundation (ASF) in April 2012 – Version 4.2.0 available for download at http://cloudstack.apache.org/downloads.html – Powering some of the world’s largest clouds today.
  • 10. $ Architecture / Language • Java application • Tomcat6, Axis2, Maven build + ant – Ant going away in 4.1 • Moving towards a plugin architecture
  • 11. $ CloudStack Supports Multiple Cloud Strategies Private Clouds Public Clouds Hosted Enterprise Cloud On-premise Enterprise Cloud • • • • Dedicated resources Security & total control Internal network Managed by Enterprise or 3rd party • • • • Dedicated resources Security SLA bound 3rd party owned and operated Multi-tenant Public Cloud • • • • Mix of shared and dedicated resources Elastic scaling Pay as you go Public internet, VPN access
  • 12. CloudStack Provides On-demand Access to Infrastructure Through a Self-Service Portal Org A Org B Admin End User Admin Users Users Users Compute Network Admin Citrix Confidential - Do Not Distribute Storage
  • 13. $ What About OpenStack? “CloudStack 3.0 is open source, but it is NOT based on OpenStack”
  • 15. $ Massively Scalable Infrastructure Management • CloudStack can manage tens of thousands of servers installed in multiple geographically distributed datacenters • The centralized management server scales linearly, eliminating the need for intermediate cluster-level management servers • No single component failure can cause cloud-wide outage • Periodic maintenance of the management server can be performed without affecting the functioning of virtual machines running in the cloud
  • 16. $ Multiple Hypervisor Support • A single cloud deployment can contain multiple hypervisors • Including Citrix XenServer, Oracle VM, KVM and vSphere • Freedom to choose the right hypervisor for the workload
  • 17. $ Automatic Configuration Management • CloudStack automatically configures each guest virtual machine’s networking and storage settings • CloudStack internally manages a pool of virtual appliances to support the cloud itself • These appliances offer services such as firewalling, routing, DHCP, VPN access, console proxy, storage access, and storage replication
  • 18. $ Graphical User Interface • CloudStack offers an administrator's Web interface, used for provisioning and managing the cloud • Also used as an end-user's Web interface for running VMs and managing VM templates • The UI can be customized to reflect the desired service provider or enterprise look and feel
  • 19. $ API and Extensibility • CloudStack provides an API that gives programmatic access to all the management features available in the UI • The API enables the creation of command line tools and new user interfaces to suit particular needs
  • 20. $ High Availability • The CloudStack platform has a number of features to increase the availability of the system • The Management Server may be deployed in a multi-node installation where the servers are load balanced • The CloudStack Database may be configured to use replication to provide for a manual failover in the event of database loss • For the Hosts, the CloudStack platform supports NIC bonding and the use of separate networks for storage as well as iSCSI Multipath
  • 22. $ Create Custom Virtual Machines via Service Offerings Select Operating System • Windows, Linux Select Compute Offering • CPU & RAM Select Data Disk Offering • Volume Size Select Network Offering • Network & Services Create VM
  • 23. $ Dashboard Provides Overview of Consumed Resources • Running, Stopped & Total VMs • Public IPs • Private networks • Latest Events Citrix Confidential - Do Not Distribute
  • 24. $ Virtual Machine Management Users VM Operations Start Stop Restart Destroy Console Access VM Status Change Service Offering • CPU Utilized 2 CPUs 4 CPUs • Network Read 1 GB RAM 4 GB RAM • Network Writes 20 GB 200 GB 20 Mbps 100 Mbps
  • 25. $ Volume & Snapshot Management Add / Delete Volumes Create Templates from Volumes Schedule Snapshots View Snapshot History VM 1 Volume Volume Template Hourly Weekly Daily Monthly Now …. 12/2/2012 7.30 am 2/2/2012 7.30 am
  • 26. $ Network & Network Services • Create Networks and attach VMs • Acquire public IP address for NAT & load balancing • Control traffic to VM using ingress and egress firewall rules • Set up rules to load balance traffic between VMs
  • 28. $ Open Platform to Suit Customer Needs Compute Hypervisor XenServer Storage Oracle VM KVM Bare metal Fiber Channel NFS Swift Load balancer VPN Block & Object Local Disk Network VMware iSCSI Network & Network Services Network Type Isolation Firewall
  • 29. $ Multi-tenancy & Account Management • Domain can have arbitrary levels of subdomains • A Domain can have one or more accounts • Resources Domain is a unit of isolation that represents a customer org, business unit or a reseller • Cloud An Account represents one or more users and is the basic unit of isolation • Admin can limit resources at the Account or Domain VMs, IPs, Snapshots… Domain Org A Admin Domain Reseller A Admin Resources VMs, IPs, Snapshots… Sub-Domain Org C Admin Account Group A Account Group B User 1 User 2
  • 30. $ Architecture • A CloudStack installation consists of two parts • The Management Server • The cloud infrastructure that it manages Managem ent Server Hyperviso r Machine 1 Machine 2 Simplified view of a basic deployment
  • 31. $ The Management Server • Manages the assignment of guest VMs to particular hosts • Manages the assignment of public and private IP addresses to particular accounts • Manages the allocation of storage to guests as virtual disks • Manages snapshots, templates, and ISO images, possibly replicating them across data centers • Provides a single point of configuration for the
  • 32. $ The Management Server • Provides the web user interface for the administrator and a reference user interface for end users • Provides the APIs for the CloudStack platform
  • 33. $ CloudStack Management Server Database • All CloudStack objects are stored in the CloudStack Database • CloudStack tracks changes in the database • CloudStack uses MySQL for the database • Multiple DB servers & replication is possible
  • 34. $ Cloud Infrastructure - Host • A host is a single computer • Hosts provide the computing resources that run the guest virtual machines • Each host has hypervisor software installed to manage guest VMs • The host is the smallest organizational unit within a CloudStack deployment
  • 35. $ Cloud Infrastructure - Cluster • A clusters consists of one or more hosts • Provides a way to group hosts • With one primary storage server V M • One primary storage server per cluster is typical • Can use local storage on each host • The hosts in a cluster: • • • • Have identical hardware Run the same hypervisor Are on the same subnet Access the same shared primary storage • Virtual machine instances can be live-migrated from one host to another within the same cluster Primary Storage Cluster
  • 36. $ Cloud Infrastructure - Pod • A pod consist of one or more clusters • A pod often represents a single rack • Hosts in the same pod are in the same subnet Pod
  • 37. $ Cloud Infrastructure - Zone • A zone consists of one or more pods • Plus secondary storage • Shared by all the pods in the zone • Often corresponds to a single datacenter, but multiple zones are permitted • Organizing infrastructure into zones provides physical isolation and redundancy Secondar y Storage Zone
  • 38. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Primary Storage • Primary storage is associated with a cluster • Stores the disk volumes for all the VMs running on hosts in a cluster • Shared storage is normally recommended • NFS • iSCSI • Fibre Channel • But, some situations use local storage • Where high availability isn't needed • Where greater disk I/O is needed
  • 39. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Secondary Storage •Secondary storage is Associated with a zone • Stores: • Templates - OS images used to create VMs • ISO Images - Images that can be bootable or non-bootable • Disk volume snapshots (saved copies of VM data) • Secondary storage available to all hosts in the zone • Secondary storage must be NFS • Or NFS + Swift
  • 40. $ Cloud Infrastructure Summary CloudStack Management Server • One or more hosts grouped into a cluster Second ary Storag e • One or more clusters grouped into a pod • One or more pods grouped into a zone • One or more zones controlled by one management server Pod Zone
  • 41. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Basic Networking • Basic Shared Public Network • All zone tenants share a single flat Intern public network et • Tenant isolation provided by Security Groups Physica • Hypervisor level firewall IP Address filtering l Router • Layer 3 Isolation • Scales much better than VLANs Public Network • CloudStack virtual system router provides VM VM VM VM VM VM CS • DHCP 3 2 1 2 3 1 Virtual • DNS 192.168.1.55 192.168.1.56192.168.1.57 192.168.1.58192.168.1.59 192.168.1.60 Router Customer 1 Customer 2
  • 42. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Advanced Networking • Advanced networking provides: • Multiple VLANs for isolation • L2TP-based VPN • Virtual router is gateway • Load balancer available • 1:1 NAT • Metering data • One virtual router per account • Does not scale as well Intern et Physica l Router Public Network CS Virtual Router VLAN 100 VM 1 CS Virtual Router Customer Private Networks VM VM 2 3 Customer 1 VLAN 200 VM VM VM 2 3 1 Customer 2
  • 43. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Small-Scale Network 192.168.10.12 192.168.10.15 Management Server Primary Storage Public IP 50.43.51.125 Second ary Storage 192.168.10.0/24 Internet Router & Firewall Layer-2 Switch 192.168.1 0.21 IP addresses are 192.168.1 0.22 192.168.1 0.23 Computing Nodes 192.168.10 .24
  • 44. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Large-Scale Redundant Network Internet Internet Layer-3 switches with firewall modules Layer-2 switches Computing Nodes NFS Secondary Storage Primary Storage Primary Storage Primary Storage Servers Primary Storage Primary Storage Pod 2 Secondary Storage Servers NFS Secondary Storage Pod 1 Managemen t Server Cluster
  • 45. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Multi-Site Deployment • Single Management Server can manage multiple zones • Zones can be geographically distributed • Low latency links required • 5-10K hosts per Management Server • Multiple MS nodes can be deployed as cluster for scale or redundancy
  • 46. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Multi-Site Deployment Primary Managemen t Server Secondar y Mgmt Server MySQL Replication Data Center 2 Availabi lity Zone 1 Availability Zone 4 Data Center 4 Data Center 1 Availability Zone 2 Availability Zone 3 Data Center 3
  • 47. Let’s Build Our Cloud 
  • 48. $ CloudStack Requirements • CloudStack requires at a minimum: admin • A server to host the Management Server Console • A PC for the management console • A Hypervisor or Bare Metal machine • NFS shared storage • A 1GB or above network Primary Storage Secondar y Storage NFS Server CloudStack Management Server
  • 49. $ Management Server (Minimum Requirements) • Operating system: RHEL/CentOS 6.2 64-bit only • 64-bit x86 CPU (more cores results in better performance) • 4 GB of memory • 250 GB of local disk Minimum (500 GB is recommended) • At least 1 NIC (Gigabit Network is recommended) • Statically allocated IP address • Fully qualified domain name as returned by the
  • 50. $ Storage Requirements • CloudStack needs two types of storage • Primary storage is used for storing the guest VM root disks as well as additional data disk volumes • Secondary storage is used for templates ISOs & snapshots • Primary Storage can be any storage (including local) that is supported by the hypervisor • Secondary Storage must be NFS or NFS+Swift
  • 51. $ Hosts (Hypervisors) Requirements • Hardware should be supported by hypervisor vendor • Memory and CPU should planned like any capacity planning • Citrix XenServer® 6.0.0 + CSP • VMware vSphere 4.1™/ VMware vSphere 5 ™ with at least Standard license (with vMotion) • KVM running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2 • OVM Server v2.3
  • 52. $ Network Requirements • 1 GB or 10 GB Network • IP range for Private Network & Public Network excluded from local DHCP • Managed Switches with VLAN Trunking (if using Advanced Network) • Static IPs for all major components (CloudStack, Hosts, NFS server) • Connectivity between CloudStack, hosts and NFS • NTP setup on all servers is highly recommended
  • 53. $ Prepare the Operating System • Configure the hostname – hostname --fqdn • Configure the network – ping cloudstack.org • Change mode of SELinux to ‘permissive’
  • 54. $ Configure the YUM repo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/cloudstack.repo [cloudstack] name=cloudstack baseurl=http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/rhel/4.1/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0
  • 55. $ Install Management Server yum install cloudstack-management
  • 56. $ Storage Configuration • Export /primary and /secondary from the Management server. • Enable rpcbind & nfs to start at boot. – chkconfig nfs rpcbind on • showmount -e
  • 57. $ Install vhd-util (Only for XenServer) wget -c http://download.cloud.com.s3.amazona ws.com/tools/vhd-util cp vhd-util /usr/share/cloudstackcommon/scripts/vm/hypervisor/xenserv er/
  • 58. $ Install the Database Server • yum install mysql-server • Add the params to my.cnf innodb_rollback_on_timeout=1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600 max_connections=350 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-format = 'ROW'
  • 59. $ Setup the database cloudstack-setup-databases cloud:cloud@localhost --deployas=root * Runs the SQL and creates the necessary databases.
  • 60. • cloudstack-setup-management – Setup iptables, sudoers & starts the management server.
  • 61. $ Prepare the System VM Template /usr/share/cloudstackcommon/scripts/storage/secondary/cloudinstall-sys-tmplt -m /secondary -u http://download.cloud.com/templates/acton/ acton-systemvm-02062012.vhd.bz2 -h xenserver Installation Complete 
  • 62. Login Into The UI http://x.x.x.x:8080/client
  • 63. $ The Future Needs You • Project website : http://cloudstack.apache.org/ • Mailing lists : – users-subscribe@cloudstack.apache.org – dev-subscribe@cloudstack.apache.org • IRC: #CloudStack on irc.freenode.net • Join your local CloudStack group  – http://www.meetup.com/CloudStack-Bangalore-Group
  • 64. 64 © 2010 Wipro Ltd - Confidential
  • 65. Questions ? Iliyas Shirol BigData/Cloud Evangelist, InMobi Email : iliyas dot shirol at gmail dot com