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NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF
BLINDNESS
-DR PRATIK KISHAN LAKHMAWAR
GUIDE- DR SURAJKUMAR KURIL SIR
National Programme for Control of Blindness
OUTLINE
 Introduction
 History
 Objectives
 Definition Of Blindness
 Types Of Blindness
 vision 2020
DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS
WHO Definition
Visual Acuity less than 3/60 (Snellens)or its equivalent in better eye.
LOW VISION-
Visual acuity <6/18 (snellens) or its equivalents in better eye.
Low vision
Moderate visual
impairement-
6/18-6/60
Severe visual
impairement-
6/60-3/60
NPCB Definition
 Inability of a person to count fingers from a distance of 6 meters or 20
feet.
 Vision 6/60 or less with the best possible spectacle correction
 Diminution of field vision to 20 degrees or less in better eye
TYPES OF BLINDNESS
1. Economic Blindness
2. Social Blindness
3. Manifest Blindness
4. Absolute Blindness
5. Curable Blindness
6. Preventable Blindness
7. Avoidable Blindness
Economic blindness
 Inability of a person to count fingers from a distance of 6 meters or 20 feet.
Social blindness
 Vision 3/60 or diminution of field of vision to 10 degrees
Manifest blindness
 Vision 1/60 to just perception of light
Absolute blindness
 No perception of light
Curable blindness
 That stage of blindness where the damage is reversible by prompt
management e.g. cataract
Preventable blindness
 The loss of vision that could have been completely prevented by institution
of effective preventive or prophylactic measures.eg:-
xerophtalmia,Trachoma
Avoidable blindness
 The sum total of preventable or curable blindness is often referred to as
avoidable blindness
Criterion for blindness certificate in INDIA
Categories Better Eye Worse Eye % Blindness
Category- 0 6/9-6/18 6/24-6/36 -
Category-i 6/18-6/36 6/60- Nil 40%
Category-ii 6/40-4/60 Or Field Of
Vision 10-20 Degree
3/60-nil 75%
Category-iii 3/60-1/60 Or Field Of
Vision 10 Degree
Finger Count At 1 Ft To
Nil
100%
Category-iv Finger Count At 1ft To Nil
Or Field Of Vision 10
Deree
Finger Count At 1 Ft To
Nil
100%
One Eyed Persons 6/6 Finger Count At 1 Ft To
Nil To Field Of Vision 10
Degree
30%
HISTORY
 INDIA was the first country in the world to launch National level Blindness
control program.
 1976 : NPCB launched as 100% centrally sponsored programme.
 It incorporates the earlier trachoma control programme started in the year
1968.
 The programme was launched with the goal to reduce the prevalence of
blindness from 1.4 to 0.3 per cent.
 As per 2006-07 survey the prevalence of blindness was 1.0 per cent
 1994-95: Programme decentralized with formation of District blindness
control society(DBCS) in each district
 As per Survey in 2001-02, prevalence of blindness is estimated to be
1.1%. Rapid Survey on Avoidable Blindness conducted under NPCB
2006-07 showed reduction in the prevalence of blindness from 1.1%
(2001-02) to 1% (2006-07).
 In 1982 ‘Prime minister’s -20 point programme’ was launched.
 From 1994-2001 ‘Cataract Blindness Control project’ was launched which
was assisted by World Bank.
The project included 7 states
Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan
Orissa
Magnitude Of Blindness
Visually impared-
285 million
Blind-39 million
Low vision-246
million
 About 90 per cent of the world's visually impaired people live in
developing countries
 Globally, uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of visual
impairment
 Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness
 Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness in middle and low income
countries.
 80% of all visual impairment can be prevented or cured.
INDIA
 Out of 39 million people across Globe who are blind , India has 15 million
blind persons.
 Of total 15 million 9-12 million due to cataract.
 Annual incidence of cataract blindness in india is 3.8 million
Causes of Blindness in India
Major causes of Blindness
 Cataract (62.6%)
 Uncorrected refractive errors (19.7%)
 Glaucoma (5.50%)
 Posterior segment pathology (4.70%)
 Corneal blindness (0.9%)
 Others (5%)
63%
20%
5%
5%1%6%
CAUSES
CATARACT REFRACTIVE ERRORS GLAUCOMA
POST. SEG. PATHOLOGY CORNEAL BLINDNESS OTHERS
Main objectives of the programme in the 12th Five
Year Plan period are
 Reduce the backlog of avoidable blindness at all levels-
1. Identification
2. Treatment
 Develope and strengthen "Eye Health for All“ & prevention of visual
impairment-
1. provision of comprehensive universal eye-care services
 Infrastructure
1. Strenthening
2. Developing human resource
 Community awareness.
 Research for prevention.
 Participation of voluntary organizations.
PROGRAMME ORGANIZATION
Central level
 National Programme Management Cell’ located in the office of Director
General Health Services (DGHS), Department of Health,Government of
India (GOI).
 To oversee the implementation of the programme three national bodies
have been constituted as below:
 National Blindness Control Board, chaired by Secretary Health to GOI.
 National Programme Co-ordination Committee, chaired by Additional
Secretary to GOI.
 National Technical Advisor Committee, headed by Director General Health
Services, GOI.
Central level activities include
 Procurement of goods (major equipments, bulk consumables, vehicles,
etc.)
 Non-recurring grant-in-aid to NGOs.
 Organizing central level training courses.
 Information, education and communication (IEC) activities (prototype
development and mass media).
 Development of MIS, monitoring and evaluation
 Procurement of services and consultancy.
 Salaries of additional staff at the central level.
State level
State-level activities include
 Execution of civil works for new units.
 Repairs and renovation of existing units/ equipments.
 State level training and IEC activities.
 Management of State Project Cell.
 Salaries for additional staff.
District level
District blindness control society
 The concept of ‘District Blindness Control Society (DBCS)’ has been
introduced, with the primary purpose to plan, implement and monitor the
blindness control activities comprehensively at the district level under
overall control and guidance of the ‘NPCB'.
Objective of DBCS
 To achieve the maximum reduction in avoidable blindness in the district
through optimal utilization of available resources in the district
Need for establishment of
DBCS
 To make control of blindness a part of the Government’s policy of
designating the district as the unit for implementing various development
programmes.
 To simplify administrative and financial procedures.
 To enhance participation of the community and the private sector.
VISION 2020: RIGHT TO SIGHT
 It is a global initiative to reduce avoidable (preventable and curable)
blindness by the year 2020
 It was a joint programme of WHO (world health organization) & IAPB
(international agency for prevention of blindness) launched in 1999
 Adopted at a meeting held in Goa on October 10-13, 2001 and constituted
a working group.
OBJECTIVES
 Strengthening advocacy
 Reduction of disease burden
 Human resource development
 Eye care infrastructure development
Strengthening Advocacy
 Public awareness and information about eye care and prevention of
blindness.
 Introduction of topics on eye care in school curriculum.
 Involvement of professional organizations such as
All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS),
Eye Bank Association of India (EBAI) and
Indian Medical Association (IMA) in the NPCB.
 To strengthen the functioning of District Blindness Control Society (DBCS).
 To enhance involvement of NGOs, local community societies and
community leaders.
 To strengthen hospital retrieval programmes for eye donation through
effective grief counselling by involving volunteers, Forensic Deptt., Police
etc.
Reduction of disease burden
(disease-specific approach)
Target diseases identified for intervention under ‘Vision 2020’initiative in India
include:
 Cataract,
 Childhood blindness,
 Refractive errors and low vision,
 Corneal blindness,
 Diabetic retinopathy,
 Glaucoma,
 Trachoma (focal)
Cataract
Objective.
To improve the quantity and quality of cataract surgery.
Targets and strategies include:
 To increase the cataract surgery rate to 6000 (the number of operations
per million people, per year) by 2020.
 IOL surgery for >80% by the year 2005 and for all by the year 2010 which
has been achieved.
 YAG capsulotomy services at all district hospitals by 2010.
Childhood blindness
 Prevalence of childhood blindness in India 0.8/1000 children
Common causes
vitamin A deficiency injuries,
measles, congenital cataract,
conjunctivitis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),
ophthalmia neonatorum childhood glaucoma.
,
Aim
 Is to eliminate avoidable causes of childhood blindness by the year 2020.
Detection of eye disorders.
 At the time of primary immunization,
 At school entry,
 Periodic check up every 3 years for normal and every year for those with
defects
Preventable childhood
blindness
 Prevention of xerophthalmia
 Prevention and early treatment of trachoma by active intervention
 Refractive errors to be corrected at primary eye care centre.
 Childhood glaucomas to be treated promptly.
 Harmful traditional practices need to be avoided.
 Prevention of ROP
Targets
 Establishment of Pediatric Ophthalmology Units.
 Establishment of refraction services and low vision centers
Glaucoma
As per the ‘National Survey on Blindness’ (1999-2001)
 Govt. of India Report 2002 glaucoma is responsible for 5.8% cases of
blindness in 50+ population.
 Failure of early detection of the disease poses a management problem
towards controlling glaucomatous blindness.
Following measures are recommended for opportunistic glaucoma screening
(case detection)
 Opportunistic screening at eye care institutions should be done in all
persons above the age of 35 years, those with diabetes mellitus, and those
with family history of glaucoma.
 Community based referral by multi-purpose workers of all persons with
diminution of vision, colored haloes, rapid change of glasses, ocular pain
and family history of glaucoma.
 Opportunistic screening at eye camps in all patients above the age of 35
years.
Diabetic retinopathy
Following recommendations are made:
 Awareness generation by health workers.
 All known diabetics to be examined and referred to Eye Surgeon by the
Ophthalmic Assistant.
 Confirmation by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and laser treatment
of diabetic retinopathy at tertiary level.
Strategies for glaucoma and
Diabetic Retinopathy
• Immediate term :
 Training ophthalmologists to handle these conditions. Comprehensive eye
evaluation via better clinical practice in slit lamp biomicroscopy, disc and
retinal evaluation and gonioscopy.
• Intermediate term:
 Residency training prog in med colleges.
 Training of Mid level ophthalmic personnel in handling these conditions in
peripheries.
 Training non ophthalmic physicians on clinical profile of these conditions.
 Public education.
• Long term:
 To provide high quality eye care at all levels.
Corneal blindness
The major causes of this blindness are
 corneal ulcers
 ocular injuries
 Keratomalacia
 Trachoma
Objectives
 To reduce prevalence of preventable and curable corneal blindness.
 To identify the infants at risk in cooperation with RCH programme.
 Strengthening of hospital corneal retrieval systems.
 Assessment of persons needing corneal grafting.
 For vitamin A deficiency related diseases focus on economically backward
classes is needed
Human resource development
Mid-Level Ophthalmic Personnel (MLOP)
Hospital Based MLOP Community Bases MLOP
Ophthalmic nurses Primary eye care worker
Ophthalmic technicians Ophthalmic assistant
Optometrists
Orthoptists
Eye care infrastructure development
Tertiary level----------Apex, Regional institutes, Medical Colleges
Secondary level------ District hospital & NGO Eye hospital
Primary level--------- Sub-district level hospitals/CHC Mobile ophthalmic
units, Upgraded PHCs ,Link workers/Panchayats
Services at each centre
PRIMARY LEVEL- SERVICE CENTRES- 20000
 Screening & referral services
 School eye screening programme
 Primary eye care
 Refraction & prescription of glasses
SECONDARY LEVEL : SERVICE CENTRE- 2000
 Cataract surgery.
 Other common eye surgeries.
 Facilities for refraction.
 Referral services.
TERTIARY LEVEL
a) Training centers- 200
 Tertiary eye care : Retinal surgery
 Corneal transplantation
 Glaucoma surgery
 Training & CME
b) Centre of excellence- 20
 Professional leadership
 Strategy development
 CME
 Laying of standards & quality assurance
 Research
ACTIVITIES of NPCB
 Cataract operations
 Involvement of NGOs
 Civil works
 Commodity Assistant
 IEC activities
 Management Information System
 Monitoring and Evaluation
 School Eye Screening Programme
 Collection and utilization of donated Eyes
 Control of Vitamin A deficiency
School Eye Screening Programme
•Children aged 10-14 years having vision problem : 6-7 %.
First screened by trained teachers(1 for 150 students)
Ophthalmic assistants-Corrective spectacles are prescribed or given free for
BPL.
NEW INITIATIVES OF THE PROGRAM
 Provision of free glasses in Presbyopia patients .
 Provision of spectacles for school children by conducting Eye Testing
Fortnight every year in the month of June.
 Provision of Multipurpose District Mobile Ophthalmic units(MDMOUs) in
all districts all over the country.
References
 Parsons diseases of eye 22nd edition.
 Khurana comprehensive ophthalmology AK Khurana 6th edition.
 National programme for control of blindness guidelines.
 Textbook of ophthalmology HV Nema 6th eidition.
THANK YOU..

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National Programme for Control of Blindness

  • 1. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF BLINDNESS -DR PRATIK KISHAN LAKHMAWAR GUIDE- DR SURAJKUMAR KURIL SIR
  • 3. OUTLINE  Introduction  History  Objectives  Definition Of Blindness  Types Of Blindness  vision 2020
  • 4. DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS WHO Definition Visual Acuity less than 3/60 (Snellens)or its equivalent in better eye. LOW VISION- Visual acuity <6/18 (snellens) or its equivalents in better eye.
  • 6. NPCB Definition  Inability of a person to count fingers from a distance of 6 meters or 20 feet.  Vision 6/60 or less with the best possible spectacle correction  Diminution of field vision to 20 degrees or less in better eye
  • 7. TYPES OF BLINDNESS 1. Economic Blindness 2. Social Blindness 3. Manifest Blindness 4. Absolute Blindness 5. Curable Blindness 6. Preventable Blindness 7. Avoidable Blindness
  • 8. Economic blindness  Inability of a person to count fingers from a distance of 6 meters or 20 feet. Social blindness  Vision 3/60 or diminution of field of vision to 10 degrees
  • 9. Manifest blindness  Vision 1/60 to just perception of light Absolute blindness  No perception of light
  • 10. Curable blindness  That stage of blindness where the damage is reversible by prompt management e.g. cataract Preventable blindness  The loss of vision that could have been completely prevented by institution of effective preventive or prophylactic measures.eg:- xerophtalmia,Trachoma
  • 11. Avoidable blindness  The sum total of preventable or curable blindness is often referred to as avoidable blindness
  • 12. Criterion for blindness certificate in INDIA Categories Better Eye Worse Eye % Blindness Category- 0 6/9-6/18 6/24-6/36 - Category-i 6/18-6/36 6/60- Nil 40% Category-ii 6/40-4/60 Or Field Of Vision 10-20 Degree 3/60-nil 75% Category-iii 3/60-1/60 Or Field Of Vision 10 Degree Finger Count At 1 Ft To Nil 100% Category-iv Finger Count At 1ft To Nil Or Field Of Vision 10 Deree Finger Count At 1 Ft To Nil 100% One Eyed Persons 6/6 Finger Count At 1 Ft To Nil To Field Of Vision 10 Degree 30%
  • 13. HISTORY  INDIA was the first country in the world to launch National level Blindness control program.  1976 : NPCB launched as 100% centrally sponsored programme.  It incorporates the earlier trachoma control programme started in the year 1968.  The programme was launched with the goal to reduce the prevalence of blindness from 1.4 to 0.3 per cent.  As per 2006-07 survey the prevalence of blindness was 1.0 per cent
  • 14.  1994-95: Programme decentralized with formation of District blindness control society(DBCS) in each district  As per Survey in 2001-02, prevalence of blindness is estimated to be 1.1%. Rapid Survey on Avoidable Blindness conducted under NPCB 2006-07 showed reduction in the prevalence of blindness from 1.1% (2001-02) to 1% (2006-07).
  • 15.  In 1982 ‘Prime minister’s -20 point programme’ was launched.  From 1994-2001 ‘Cataract Blindness Control project’ was launched which was assisted by World Bank.
  • 16. The project included 7 states Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan Orissa
  • 17. Magnitude Of Blindness Visually impared- 285 million Blind-39 million Low vision-246 million
  • 18.  About 90 per cent of the world's visually impaired people live in developing countries  Globally, uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of visual impairment  Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness
  • 19.  Cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness in middle and low income countries.  80% of all visual impairment can be prevented or cured.
  • 20. INDIA  Out of 39 million people across Globe who are blind , India has 15 million blind persons.  Of total 15 million 9-12 million due to cataract.  Annual incidence of cataract blindness in india is 3.8 million
  • 21. Causes of Blindness in India Major causes of Blindness  Cataract (62.6%)  Uncorrected refractive errors (19.7%)  Glaucoma (5.50%)  Posterior segment pathology (4.70%)  Corneal blindness (0.9%)  Others (5%)
  • 22. 63% 20% 5% 5%1%6% CAUSES CATARACT REFRACTIVE ERRORS GLAUCOMA POST. SEG. PATHOLOGY CORNEAL BLINDNESS OTHERS
  • 23. Main objectives of the programme in the 12th Five Year Plan period are  Reduce the backlog of avoidable blindness at all levels- 1. Identification 2. Treatment  Develope and strengthen "Eye Health for All“ & prevention of visual impairment- 1. provision of comprehensive universal eye-care services
  • 24.  Infrastructure 1. Strenthening 2. Developing human resource  Community awareness.  Research for prevention.  Participation of voluntary organizations.
  • 25. PROGRAMME ORGANIZATION Central level  National Programme Management Cell’ located in the office of Director General Health Services (DGHS), Department of Health,Government of India (GOI).  To oversee the implementation of the programme three national bodies have been constituted as below:  National Blindness Control Board, chaired by Secretary Health to GOI.  National Programme Co-ordination Committee, chaired by Additional Secretary to GOI.  National Technical Advisor Committee, headed by Director General Health Services, GOI.
  • 26. Central level activities include  Procurement of goods (major equipments, bulk consumables, vehicles, etc.)  Non-recurring grant-in-aid to NGOs.  Organizing central level training courses.  Information, education and communication (IEC) activities (prototype development and mass media).  Development of MIS, monitoring and evaluation  Procurement of services and consultancy.  Salaries of additional staff at the central level.
  • 27. State level State-level activities include  Execution of civil works for new units.  Repairs and renovation of existing units/ equipments.  State level training and IEC activities.  Management of State Project Cell.  Salaries for additional staff.
  • 28. District level District blindness control society  The concept of ‘District Blindness Control Society (DBCS)’ has been introduced, with the primary purpose to plan, implement and monitor the blindness control activities comprehensively at the district level under overall control and guidance of the ‘NPCB'.
  • 29. Objective of DBCS  To achieve the maximum reduction in avoidable blindness in the district through optimal utilization of available resources in the district
  • 30. Need for establishment of DBCS  To make control of blindness a part of the Government’s policy of designating the district as the unit for implementing various development programmes.  To simplify administrative and financial procedures.  To enhance participation of the community and the private sector.
  • 31. VISION 2020: RIGHT TO SIGHT
  • 32.  It is a global initiative to reduce avoidable (preventable and curable) blindness by the year 2020  It was a joint programme of WHO (world health organization) & IAPB (international agency for prevention of blindness) launched in 1999  Adopted at a meeting held in Goa on October 10-13, 2001 and constituted a working group.
  • 33. OBJECTIVES  Strengthening advocacy  Reduction of disease burden  Human resource development  Eye care infrastructure development
  • 34. Strengthening Advocacy  Public awareness and information about eye care and prevention of blindness.  Introduction of topics on eye care in school curriculum.  Involvement of professional organizations such as All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS), Eye Bank Association of India (EBAI) and Indian Medical Association (IMA) in the NPCB.
  • 35.  To strengthen the functioning of District Blindness Control Society (DBCS).  To enhance involvement of NGOs, local community societies and community leaders.  To strengthen hospital retrieval programmes for eye donation through effective grief counselling by involving volunteers, Forensic Deptt., Police etc.
  • 36. Reduction of disease burden (disease-specific approach) Target diseases identified for intervention under ‘Vision 2020’initiative in India include:  Cataract,  Childhood blindness,  Refractive errors and low vision,  Corneal blindness,  Diabetic retinopathy,  Glaucoma,  Trachoma (focal)
  • 37. Cataract Objective. To improve the quantity and quality of cataract surgery. Targets and strategies include:  To increase the cataract surgery rate to 6000 (the number of operations per million people, per year) by 2020.  IOL surgery for >80% by the year 2005 and for all by the year 2010 which has been achieved.  YAG capsulotomy services at all district hospitals by 2010.
  • 38. Childhood blindness  Prevalence of childhood blindness in India 0.8/1000 children Common causes vitamin A deficiency injuries, measles, congenital cataract, conjunctivitis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), ophthalmia neonatorum childhood glaucoma. ,
  • 39. Aim  Is to eliminate avoidable causes of childhood blindness by the year 2020. Detection of eye disorders.  At the time of primary immunization,  At school entry,  Periodic check up every 3 years for normal and every year for those with defects
  • 40. Preventable childhood blindness  Prevention of xerophthalmia  Prevention and early treatment of trachoma by active intervention  Refractive errors to be corrected at primary eye care centre.  Childhood glaucomas to be treated promptly.  Harmful traditional practices need to be avoided.  Prevention of ROP
  • 41. Targets  Establishment of Pediatric Ophthalmology Units.  Establishment of refraction services and low vision centers
  • 42. Glaucoma As per the ‘National Survey on Blindness’ (1999-2001)  Govt. of India Report 2002 glaucoma is responsible for 5.8% cases of blindness in 50+ population.  Failure of early detection of the disease poses a management problem towards controlling glaucomatous blindness.
  • 43. Following measures are recommended for opportunistic glaucoma screening (case detection)  Opportunistic screening at eye care institutions should be done in all persons above the age of 35 years, those with diabetes mellitus, and those with family history of glaucoma.  Community based referral by multi-purpose workers of all persons with diminution of vision, colored haloes, rapid change of glasses, ocular pain and family history of glaucoma.  Opportunistic screening at eye camps in all patients above the age of 35 years.
  • 44. Diabetic retinopathy Following recommendations are made:  Awareness generation by health workers.  All known diabetics to be examined and referred to Eye Surgeon by the Ophthalmic Assistant.  Confirmation by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and laser treatment of diabetic retinopathy at tertiary level.
  • 45. Strategies for glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy • Immediate term :  Training ophthalmologists to handle these conditions. Comprehensive eye evaluation via better clinical practice in slit lamp biomicroscopy, disc and retinal evaluation and gonioscopy.
  • 46. • Intermediate term:  Residency training prog in med colleges.  Training of Mid level ophthalmic personnel in handling these conditions in peripheries.  Training non ophthalmic physicians on clinical profile of these conditions.  Public education.
  • 47. • Long term:  To provide high quality eye care at all levels.
  • 48. Corneal blindness The major causes of this blindness are  corneal ulcers  ocular injuries  Keratomalacia  Trachoma
  • 49. Objectives  To reduce prevalence of preventable and curable corneal blindness.  To identify the infants at risk in cooperation with RCH programme.  Strengthening of hospital corneal retrieval systems.  Assessment of persons needing corneal grafting.  For vitamin A deficiency related diseases focus on economically backward classes is needed
  • 50. Human resource development Mid-Level Ophthalmic Personnel (MLOP) Hospital Based MLOP Community Bases MLOP Ophthalmic nurses Primary eye care worker Ophthalmic technicians Ophthalmic assistant Optometrists Orthoptists
  • 51. Eye care infrastructure development Tertiary level----------Apex, Regional institutes, Medical Colleges Secondary level------ District hospital & NGO Eye hospital Primary level--------- Sub-district level hospitals/CHC Mobile ophthalmic units, Upgraded PHCs ,Link workers/Panchayats
  • 52. Services at each centre PRIMARY LEVEL- SERVICE CENTRES- 20000  Screening & referral services  School eye screening programme  Primary eye care  Refraction & prescription of glasses
  • 53. SECONDARY LEVEL : SERVICE CENTRE- 2000  Cataract surgery.  Other common eye surgeries.  Facilities for refraction.  Referral services.
  • 54. TERTIARY LEVEL a) Training centers- 200  Tertiary eye care : Retinal surgery  Corneal transplantation  Glaucoma surgery  Training & CME
  • 55. b) Centre of excellence- 20  Professional leadership  Strategy development  CME  Laying of standards & quality assurance  Research
  • 56. ACTIVITIES of NPCB  Cataract operations  Involvement of NGOs  Civil works  Commodity Assistant  IEC activities  Management Information System  Monitoring and Evaluation  School Eye Screening Programme  Collection and utilization of donated Eyes  Control of Vitamin A deficiency
  • 57. School Eye Screening Programme •Children aged 10-14 years having vision problem : 6-7 %. First screened by trained teachers(1 for 150 students) Ophthalmic assistants-Corrective spectacles are prescribed or given free for BPL.
  • 58. NEW INITIATIVES OF THE PROGRAM  Provision of free glasses in Presbyopia patients .  Provision of spectacles for school children by conducting Eye Testing Fortnight every year in the month of June.  Provision of Multipurpose District Mobile Ophthalmic units(MDMOUs) in all districts all over the country.
  • 59. References  Parsons diseases of eye 22nd edition.  Khurana comprehensive ophthalmology AK Khurana 6th edition.  National programme for control of blindness guidelines.  Textbook of ophthalmology HV Nema 6th eidition.