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Mobile Phone Panel
Surveys in Africa
Alvin Etang Ndip
Poverty & Equity GP, World Bank
Pew Research Center
Nov 30, 2017
The development challenge
 Reliable
 Timely
New opportunities
http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/listening-to-africa
-
Pilot
countries…
1. Carry out a Baseline survey
2. Mobile Phone Survey
Monthly interviews Provide incentives
Short questionnaires
3. Analysis
• Combine mobile data with baseline data
• Test for non-response and allow for reweighting
56
70 65
78 77 72 73 75
89
20
47
41
49
59
48
60
54 59
67
24 26
17 17
3
55
36
60
50 55
71 76 73 68 72
44
30 35
22 23 28 27 25
11
80
53
59
51
41
52
40
46 41
33
76 74
83 83
97 100 100 100 100
45
64
40
50 45
29 24 27 32 28
Before
14-Jun
14-Aug
14-Oct
14-Nov
14-Dec
15-Jan
15-Feb
15-Mar
15-Apr
Before
14-Jun
14-Aug
14-Oct
14-Nov
14-Dec
15-Jan
15-Feb
15-Mar
15-Apr
Before
14-Jun
14-Aug
14-Oct
14-Nov
14-Dec
15-Jan
15-Feb
15-Mar
15-Apr
Before
14-Jun
14-Aug
14-Oct
14-Nov
14-Dec
15-Jan
15-Feb
IDPs Refguees Niger Refugees Mauritania Returnees
Yes No
Have you had paid employment in the past week?
Impact of the Mali Crisis on Employment - Trends
4. Dissemination
• Invest significant resources in dissemination
• All data and questionnaires released into the public
domain
Wide range of data can be collected
• Service delivery (health, education, water, electricity, etc.)
• Migration; Prices; Nutrition and food security; Violence; labor…..
Food insecurity is on the rise in Madagascar
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Urban Rural Poorest Poor Middle Rich Riches National South
%ofhouseholdsstatingYES
In the past 7 days, did you worry that your household would
not have enough food?
Mar-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Sep-15
Advantages of mobile phone panel surveys
• Gathering data in volatile and high-risk environments
No ‘boots on ground’ [Data collection in hard-to-access
areas]
Political crisis/unrest
Epidemic e.g. Ebola impact survey: Liberia; S. Leone;
Guinea
• Quick response to new data needs (Flexibility)
E.g. natural disasters
• Quick Turnaround (Timeliness)
• Cost effectiveness
What it is and it is not
• NOT a replacement to household surveys
• NOT right platform for lengthy interviews
• BUT instead, they are complements to regular
surveys
• More suitable for:
• Monitoring rapidly changing conditions
• Obtaining feedback from households
Lessons learned
• Attrition and Non-response:
• Potentially a major problem (as in all high frequency panels)
• Location (rural) matters
• Owning own phone
• Response rates generally high
• Requires vigilance, especially initial stages
• Technology can make a difference (Voice, IVR, USSD, SMS)
• The quality of support (chargers, phone habits, quality of
enumerators (training and protocols))
• There are several ways of minimizing attrition/non-response
• If some of the support fail (re-weight ex-post to compensate)
Inspired poverty and conflict monitoring in volatile
and high-risk environments (FCV) in Nigeria
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
North Central North East North West South South
Frequency of conflict events
Death Displacement Physical Harm Asset Loss
Conflict events that happened to family members, by zone
Used for opinion polling in Africa
1. Informed Report of Assessment of Recovery and Development
Priorities in Mali’s Conflicted Regions (2016)
7 6
12 9
16
4
26
18
77
90
62
73
Year 1 + 2 (Short term) Years 3-6 (medium
term)
Citizens Leaders
Priority initiatives for households and authorities compared with
MIEC financing priorities (%)
Governance Security Socioeconomic Development
2. Views of 1598 Tanzanian hhs, nationally
representative
Source: Twaweza, SzW Survey (Round 9, October 2013)
Thank you!
Contact: aetangndip@worldbank.org

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9. World Bank Presentation

  • 1. Mobile Phone Panel Surveys in Africa Alvin Etang Ndip Poverty & Equity GP, World Bank Pew Research Center Nov 30, 2017
  • 2. The development challenge  Reliable  Timely
  • 6. 1. Carry out a Baseline survey
  • 7. 2. Mobile Phone Survey Monthly interviews Provide incentives Short questionnaires
  • 8. 3. Analysis • Combine mobile data with baseline data • Test for non-response and allow for reweighting 56 70 65 78 77 72 73 75 89 20 47 41 49 59 48 60 54 59 67 24 26 17 17 3 55 36 60 50 55 71 76 73 68 72 44 30 35 22 23 28 27 25 11 80 53 59 51 41 52 40 46 41 33 76 74 83 83 97 100 100 100 100 45 64 40 50 45 29 24 27 32 28 Before 14-Jun 14-Aug 14-Oct 14-Nov 14-Dec 15-Jan 15-Feb 15-Mar 15-Apr Before 14-Jun 14-Aug 14-Oct 14-Nov 14-Dec 15-Jan 15-Feb 15-Mar 15-Apr Before 14-Jun 14-Aug 14-Oct 14-Nov 14-Dec 15-Jan 15-Feb 15-Mar 15-Apr Before 14-Jun 14-Aug 14-Oct 14-Nov 14-Dec 15-Jan 15-Feb IDPs Refguees Niger Refugees Mauritania Returnees Yes No Have you had paid employment in the past week? Impact of the Mali Crisis on Employment - Trends
  • 9. 4. Dissemination • Invest significant resources in dissemination • All data and questionnaires released into the public domain
  • 10. Wide range of data can be collected • Service delivery (health, education, water, electricity, etc.) • Migration; Prices; Nutrition and food security; Violence; labor….. Food insecurity is on the rise in Madagascar 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Urban Rural Poorest Poor Middle Rich Riches National South %ofhouseholdsstatingYES In the past 7 days, did you worry that your household would not have enough food? Mar-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Sep-15
  • 11. Advantages of mobile phone panel surveys • Gathering data in volatile and high-risk environments No ‘boots on ground’ [Data collection in hard-to-access areas] Political crisis/unrest Epidemic e.g. Ebola impact survey: Liberia; S. Leone; Guinea • Quick response to new data needs (Flexibility) E.g. natural disasters • Quick Turnaround (Timeliness) • Cost effectiveness
  • 12. What it is and it is not • NOT a replacement to household surveys • NOT right platform for lengthy interviews • BUT instead, they are complements to regular surveys • More suitable for: • Monitoring rapidly changing conditions • Obtaining feedback from households
  • 13. Lessons learned • Attrition and Non-response: • Potentially a major problem (as in all high frequency panels) • Location (rural) matters • Owning own phone • Response rates generally high • Requires vigilance, especially initial stages • Technology can make a difference (Voice, IVR, USSD, SMS) • The quality of support (chargers, phone habits, quality of enumerators (training and protocols)) • There are several ways of minimizing attrition/non-response • If some of the support fail (re-weight ex-post to compensate)
  • 14. Inspired poverty and conflict monitoring in volatile and high-risk environments (FCV) in Nigeria 14 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 North Central North East North West South South Frequency of conflict events Death Displacement Physical Harm Asset Loss Conflict events that happened to family members, by zone
  • 15. Used for opinion polling in Africa 1. Informed Report of Assessment of Recovery and Development Priorities in Mali’s Conflicted Regions (2016) 7 6 12 9 16 4 26 18 77 90 62 73 Year 1 + 2 (Short term) Years 3-6 (medium term) Citizens Leaders Priority initiatives for households and authorities compared with MIEC financing priorities (%) Governance Security Socioeconomic Development
  • 16. 2. Views of 1598 Tanzanian hhs, nationally representative Source: Twaweza, SzW Survey (Round 9, October 2013)