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Efficiency Analysis in Vertical Restraints – OECD Secretariat – OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum - 21 September 2021

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OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs

This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Efficiency Analysis in Vertical Restraints” held at the 19th meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum on 21 September 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/laccf.

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EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS IN VERTICAL RESTRAINTS Presentation of the OECD Background paper Wouter Meester OECD Competition Division LACCF Session II - 21 September 2021
• Competition restrictions in agreements between firms at different levels of the production and distribution process • Examples: resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing, exclusive distribution, selective distribution • E-commerce has caused increased attention on vertical restraints Vertical restraints 2
– Negative: • Foreclosure • softening of competition (intra- or inter brand) • facilitating collusion – Positive: • overcoming hold-up problem • addressing vertical externalities and vertical co- ordination problems • addressing horizontal externalities and avoiding free- riding • protecting brand image • achieving economies of scale in distribution VCs and their effects on competition 3
• 20 cases in Latin America (6 jurisdictions) • 44 cases in Europe (6 jurisdictions) • Efficiency considerations not abundant (invoked in approx. one-third of cases) – Large majority of vertical restraints are presumed pro-competitive – Market power as first “screen” – EU: hardcore or by object restrictions Efficiency arguments in selected cases (1) 4
• Efficiency arguments rarely successful – Difficult to prove indispensability of the restraints for achievement of its objectives • Efficiency arguments not quantified • Limited number of online cases in LA • Prevention of free-riding most popular efficiency argument in LA Efficiency arguments in selected cases (2) 5
Thank you For more information: www.oecd.org/competition

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Efficiency Analysis in Vertical Restraints – OECD Secretariat – OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum - 21 September 2021

  • 1. EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS IN VERTICAL RESTRAINTS Presentation of the OECD Background paper Wouter Meester OECD Competition Division LACCF Session II - 21 September 2021
  • 2. • Competition restrictions in agreements between firms at different levels of the production and distribution process • Examples: resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing, exclusive distribution, selective distribution • E-commerce has caused increased attention on vertical restraints Vertical restraints 2
  • 3. – Negative: • Foreclosure • softening of competition (intra- or inter brand) • facilitating collusion – Positive: • overcoming hold-up problem • addressing vertical externalities and vertical co- ordination problems • addressing horizontal externalities and avoiding free- riding • protecting brand image • achieving economies of scale in distribution VCs and their effects on competition 3
  • 4. • 20 cases in Latin America (6 jurisdictions) • 44 cases in Europe (6 jurisdictions) • Efficiency considerations not abundant (invoked in approx. one-third of cases) – Large majority of vertical restraints are presumed pro-competitive – Market power as first “screen” – EU: hardcore or by object restrictions Efficiency arguments in selected cases (1) 4
  • 5. • Efficiency arguments rarely successful – Difficult to prove indispensability of the restraints for achievement of its objectives • Efficiency arguments not quantified • Limited number of online cases in LA • Prevention of free-riding most popular efficiency argument in LA Efficiency arguments in selected cases (2) 5
  • 6. Thank you For more information: www.oecd.org/competition