The document discusses hospital-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections. It defines HAIs as infections that patients acquire during treatment in a hospital setting. The document outlines some key points about HAIs, including that they account for significant illness and death worldwide. It also discusses factors that contribute to HAIs spreading in hospitals, such as host susceptibility, infectious agents, and environmental conditions. Finally, it provides recommendations for preventing HAIs, such as implementing infection control committees, surveillance systems, proper sterilization and hygiene practices, and isolating infected patients.

1. DR. N.C DAS HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL

2. HAI HAI - HOSPITAL ASSOCIATED INFECTION HAI - HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION a NASO- COMIAL INFECTION HAI HAI HOSPITAL HAI - HEALTH CARE ASSOCITED INFECTION HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED AFTER 24 hours Within 48 hrs Back with infection With in 30 days

3. HOSPITAL ASSOCIATED INFECTION When a infection manifested within 48 hours of admission. Patient is incubating from a outside infection. HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION These are infections that are a result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare service unit. Infections are considered nosocomial if they first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge. Nasocomial comes from the Greek word ‘ nasokomeio ’. noses= disease, komeo= to takecare of HEALTH CARE ASSOCITED INFECTION The modern CDC definition of hospital acquired infection is Healthcare associated infection. Healthcare-associated infections are infections that patients Acquire during the course of receiving healthcare treatment for other conditions

4. IMPORTANCE OF HAI In the United States , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that roughly 1.7 million hospital-associated infections, from all types of microorganisms , including bacteria , combined, cause or contribute to 99,000 deaths each year In Europe , where hospital surveys have been conducted, the category of Gram-negative infections are estimated to account for two-thirds of the 25,000 deaths each year. Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia and infections of the urinary tract , bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types are difficult to attack with antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance is spreading to Gram-negative bacteria that can infect people outside the hospital.(Wikipedia)

5. PREVALANCE OF HAI • USA: Up to 2 million healthcare-associated infections per year, of which 80,000 are lethal or may contribute to death (3) • Europe: 5 million HAI per year, of which 50,000 (1%) are lethal and contribute to death in 135,000 cases (2.7%) (4) • Japan: Resistance Isolation Rate of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus): 40-80% • India: An estimated 10 to 30% of patients admitted to hospitals and nursing homes acquire a nosocomial infection (5) • Up to 70% of organisms causing HAI are resistant to at least one antibiotic (6) (www.biomerieux-diagnostics.com/upload/HAI_KeyFigures.pdf)

6. DYNAMICS OF HOSPITAL INFECTION THREE FACTORS: THREE PROCESS H OST A GENT I NTIMATE ENVIRONMENT

7. THREE PROCESS: HAI H OST A GENT I NTIMATE ENVIRONMENT I NJECTION TO HOST A VEHICLE OF TRANSPORTATION H AVE A PORTAL OF EXIST

8. PREVENTION OF INFECTION A VOID TRANSMISSION H EALTH EDUCATION I SOLATION OF PATIENT 1 2 3

10. 2. AVOID TRANSMISSION A LERT SERVILLANCE SYSTEM H OSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE I NSERVICE TRAINING A B C

11. MODE OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT INDIRECT SELF PERSON TO PERSON BY AIR BY FOMITES VECTOR AEROSAL DROPLETS

12. A . HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE MED. SUPDT. - CHAIRMAN ALL HODs - MEMBER Nursing. Supdt. - MEMBER I/C CSSD - MEMBER I/C SANITATION/ KITCHEN - MEMBER MICROBIOLOGIST - MEMBER SECRETARY

14. B. ALERT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM HOSPITAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION THROUGH INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS REPORTING RESEARCH PREVENTION CONTROL COUNTER

17. C. IN SERVICE TRAINING TRAINING & PRACTICES IN PREVENTION H EALTHY ENVIRONMENT A PPROPRIATE BMW DISPOSAL I NDUCING ASEPTIC PROCEDURES & PRACTICES

21. CONTROL OF INFECTION A PPLY SPECIFIC ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES H EALTH PROMOTION I NFECTION COUNTER

23. FOUR MAJOR NASOCOMIAL INFECTIONS URINARY TRACT RESPIRATORY TRACT BLOOD STREAM SURGICAL WOUND VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA ASPIRATION SURGICAL PNEUMONIA POST OPERATIVE CHEST DRAINGE TRACHEOSTOMY WOUND BLOOD TRANSFUSION I.V INJECTION, DRIPS SEPTICAEMIA

28. SPECIFIC ROLE OF HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES HAI HOST PROTECTION AGENT DESTRUCTION INFECTION PREVENTION ROLE OF:- DOCTOR NURSE PARAMEDICS ROLE OF STAFF DOCTOR NURSE PARAMEDICS ROLE OF STAFF DOCTOR NURSE PARAMEDICS ROLE OF STAFF DOCTOR NURSE PARAMEDICS

30. HOST PROTECTION B. NURSES Barrier nursing to all infected cases. Issue fresh and clean linen to patients. Chang bed sheet and patient dress regularly. Encourage use of disposables. Washing of hands before and after touching patient. Proper sterilisation of instruments and dressings. Routine bacteriological sampling for test. Storing instruments and linens in close cabinets. Disinfect linen in hypo chloride before sending to laundry. Ensure sanitary house keeping and pest control. Restrict visitors, and give health education. Separate trolley for clean and dirty supplies

31. HOST PROTECTION C. PARAMEDICS Good and hygienic house keeping. Wet mopping of floors to avoid dust. Disinfect the bed after death or discharge of infected patient. Proper segregation of waste, and washing of hands. Spray of insecticide to prevent vector born diseases. Assist nurse in restricting visitors. Transport clean and dirty in separate trolley. And samples to lab carefully.

38. Hospital Administration Made Easy http//hospiad.blogspot.com An effort solely to help students and aspirants in their attempt to become a successful Hospital Administrator. hospi ad DR. N. C. DAS