This document provides an overview of key topics and concepts from Chapter 16 of the textbook "Management: Arab World Edition" by Robbins, Coulter, Sidani, and Jamali. The chapter discusses definitions of leaders and leadership, historical models of leadership in the Middle East, early theories of leadership traits and behaviors, contingency theories of leadership, contemporary views of leadership styles, and issues facing 21st century leaders. Key points covered include Ibn Khaldun's conception of leadership, behavioral leadership theories from various universities, Fiedler's contingency model, situational and path-goal leadership theories, and distinguishing between transactional and transformational leadership.