3. 中国国旗
Flag of China
• The national flag of
China was adopted in
September 1949.
• The color red
symbolizes the spirit of
the revolution, and the
five stars signify the
unity of the people of
China.
4. 对中国国歌
The National anthem of China
• The National Anthem of the People's Republic
of China was composed by Nie Er and Tian
Han in 1932.
• On September 27th, 1949, March of the
Volunteers was adopted as the temporary
National Anthem.
• In 1978 this song was readopted as the
National Anthem, but the lyrics were changed.
5. 中国主席的
The President of China
• Hu Jintao was elected
president of the People's
Republic of China on
March 15, 2003.
• He joined the Communist
Party of China (CPC) in
April 1964.
• Hu became vice-president
of China in March 1998
and vice-chairman of the
Central Military
Commission in September
1999.
6. 对中国总理
The Premier of China
• Wen Jiabao was born in
September 1942.
• He joined the Communist
Party of China (CPC) in
April 1965 and began
working in September
1967.
• He graduated with a
major of geological
structure from the Beijing
Institute of Geology.
7. 中国史
History Of China
• China is a country with a very early
civilization and a long and rich
history.
• China’s last dynastic rule began in
1644 with the Qing dynasty.
• In 1840 the British imperialists
launched the Opium War against
China.
• In 1919 the May 4th Movement broke
out to spearhead against imperialism
and feudalism.
• The Communist Party of China was
founded in 1921.
9. 提供给中国的机遇
Opportunities available to China
• Strengthening the internal economy
• Focus on quality industries
• Economic powerhouse of the world
• Gaining economically worldwide through
friendship
10. 中国面临的威胁
Threats to China
• Population
• Income Distribution
• Technological Growth
• Wage rates
• Inflation
• Political Violence
• Corruption
12. • China’s economy today is almost three times as large as the economy of the entire former
USSR, more than four times as large as the economy of Russia, and has overtaken Japan to
become the world’s second largest. Few of the economic indicators are:
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• Industrial Added Value
• Consumer Price Index (CPI)
• Fixed Asset Investment
• Retail Sales
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
15. • China's top five importing countries or regions are:
Japan
EU
ASEAN
South Korea
Taiwan.
• The most goods imported from China are:
Machinery
Apparatus and electronics
Textiles
Apparel and shoes
Chemicals and pharmaceuticals
Precision instruments
Watches
Jewellery
16. Percentages rise in Imports of China
• Semi-conductors US$5.9 billion (10.6% of China from U.S. imports, up 74.7% from 2005)
• Civilian aircraft $5.3 billion (9.6%, up 39.7%)
• Soybeans $2.5 billion (4.6%, up 12.5%)
• Plastics $2.2 billion (3.9%, up 18.8%)
• Raw cotton $2.1 billion (3.7%, up 47%)
• Industrial machines $1.97 billion (3.6%, up 29%)
• Copper $1.86 billion (3.4%, up 99.7%)
• Computer accessories $1.82 billion (3.3%, up 27.5%)
• Aluminum $1.7 billion (3.1%, up 90.3%)
• Steelmaking material $1.69 billion (3.1%, up 11.9%)
18. • According to the World Trade Organization, China's share in global exports
rose to 9.6 percent by value in 2009.
• China replaced Germany as the biggest exporter but this was achieved in
the context of global economic downturn.
• Exports have significantly contributed to China’s GDP growth in recent
years.
• Major export markets of China are:
European Union
United States
Hong Kong
ASEAN Countries
19. • The goods exported by China are:
Computer accessories, peripherals and parts
Miscellaneous household goods (e.g. clocks)
Toys & sporting goods (e.g. bicycles)
Computers
Non-cotton household furnishings & clothing
Video equipment (e.g. DVD players)
Household furniture
Footwear
Cotton household furnishings & clothing
Telecommunications equipment
20. Percentages Rise in Exports Of China
• Computer accessories, peripherals and parts US$28.9 billion (10.1% of China to U.S. exports, up
12.4% from 2005)
• Miscellaneous household goods (e.g. clocks) $26.5 billion (9.2%, up 17.2%)
• Toys & sporting goods (e.g. bicycles) $22.2 billion (7.7%, up 10.2%)
• Computers $17.4 billion (6%, up 20.2%)
• Non-cotton household furnishings & clothing $14.6 billion (5.1%, up 11.3%)
• Video equipment (e.g. DVD players) $14.5 billion (5.0%, up 34.9%)
• Household furniture $13.2 billion (4.6%, up 14.3%)
• Footwear $10.7 billion (3.7%, up 11.1%)
• Cotton household furnishings & clothing $9.9 billion (3.4%, up 29.6%)
• Telecommunications equipment $8.3 billion (3.0%, up 23.7%)
22. • China’s import tariff rates are calculated based on the Harmonized System (HS) of
Classification Codes.
• The MFN(Most Favored Nation) Rates apply to those countries that have concluded
trade treaties or a reciprocal agreement for preferential treatment with China, or more
broadly speaking are member countries of the WTO.
• The General Rate is applied to those countries that have not concluded a reciprocal
agreement with China.
• Tariff rate quotas are applied to some cereals, sugar, chemical fertilizers, and wool and
cotton.
• China continues to use state trading to manage trade of some products.
• The domestic prices of some products are subject to "government-guided prices".
24. • Export duties, export quotas, and other forms of restrictions can be applied
simultaneously so that the overall assessment of measures is necessary to
understand their total implications.
• For example, China removed an 8% VAT rebate for exports of primary
aluminum and, in addition, imposed a 5% interim export tax.
• Exporters of agricultural products are entitled to VAT rebates at the time of
exportation.
• China's main policy objectives in agriculture are to improve food security
and to maintain stable domestic production and prices but taxing the export
of such products in order to reduce domestic prices also reduces farmers'
incomes.
25. • Eight agricultural products are currently subject to export
prohibitions.
• Only state-trading enterprises are allowed to export for cotton, rice,
maize, and tobacco.
• China continues to impose global and destination-specific export
quotas.
• In 2009, global export quotas applied to cotton, grains such as
maize, rice, and wheat and tea, some of which are subject to state
trading.
27. • Industry and construction account for about 48.6% of
China's GDP.
• The major industries in China are:
1. Automobile Industry:
• China was the top car producer in 2009 with a
production of 13.79 million units.
• It surpassed Japan at the top by a large margin.
• China surpassed the United States to become the world’s
largest automobile market in 2009.
• In 2009 there were 52 foreign and domestic carmakers
operating in China, compared to 15 in the United States.
• China has had success in the auto industry because of:
Its access to cheap labor and technology of foreign
automakers.
Its research and development costs are minimal
because designs are borrowed or copied for foreign
firms.
Foreign car companies held 85 percent of the Chinese
car market.
China’s automobile industry consists mainly of local
companies that have joint ventures with well-
established multinational companies.
28. 2. Iron and Steel Industry:
• The iron and steel industry is a very
important pillar of China’s
economy.
• In 1996 China’s iron and steel
output exceeded 100 million tones
for the first time and it became the
world’s top producer.
• In 2008 the raw steel output of 500
million tones made china the largest
steel producer in the world.
29. 3. Textile Industry:
• China is the world leading country for the
textile production and export.
• With over years' development, Chinese
textile industry has been equipped with
superior competitive advantages and has
the most complete industry chain in the
world.
• China's exports of textiles in 2006, before
the global economic downturn, soared
25.1 percent year on year and hit $147.1
billion.
• Despite the global depressed economy and
market, Chinese textile industry manages
to grow.
• East China is still the major area for
Chinese textile industry with over 90%
foreign investments and capitals from
Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.
30. 4. Electronics industry:
• Electronics has been a Chinese
pillar of success and is now the
largest industry in China with
growth of nearly 20 percent
annually.
• China is now the world's
number one producer of :
TVs, recorders, VCD players,
telephones, calculators,
refrigerators, and air
conditioners.
Is the largest PC producer.
31. 5. Petrochemical industry:
• Petrochemical industry in
China made a big leap in an
era of high growth from 1985
to 2009 to become the second
largest ethylene producer in
the world after United States.
• China, however, has been
heavily relying on imports to
meet growing demand of its
expanding petrochemical
market.
32. 6. Nonferrous metals industry
• China was the largest producer
and consumer of nonferrous
metals with total consumption
reaching at 25.17 million tones
in 2008.
• The country's nonferrous metal
industry received a severe
blow from the global economic
downturn after keeping high-
speed growth for nearly a
decade.
34. • Porter's Five Forces evaluates the competitiveness and attractiveness of a given
industry in a certain market. In any P5F analysis, one must examine the following:
• The threat of new entrants:
• this is very high in China and has many contributing factors. One of the
reasons for the threat being so high is the number of new auto
manufacturers entering the Chinese market in the past decade has been
very high.
• Secondly there are no policies set for securing intellectual rights. Chinese
authorities do not recognize international patents or trademarks.
• The bargaining power of buyers/customers:
– The automobile industry in china is a very competitive industry with a wide
variety of cars for the customers to choose from. The presence of Chinese and
foreign manufacturers gives the customer the bargaining power and a good
number of choices.
– In China brand awareness and brand loyalty are still low with only 25 percent
of the customers choose the same brand when they buy their next car,
compared to almost 80 percent in western industrial countries.
35. • The threat of substitute products:
– Chinese see cars as status symbols. The recent emergence of the petrol-electric
hybrid passenger car has drawn attention as a potential mass-market
environmentally friendly vehicle.
– By combining power sources, a hybrid vehicle reduces emissions and is more
energy-efficient than a conventional petrol-powered car. Therefore the threat of
substitute products in China is favorable to the Chinese industry.
• The amount of bargaining power suppliers have:
– The Chinese automobile market is high on this factor.
– The suppliers to the manufacturers have considerable bargaining power. They
are not held ransom by one single manufacturer as they can market their
products to any of the others in China.
• The amount of rivalry among competitors:
– All major car-producing nations experience this intense rivalry.
– Same is the case in China where the competition between manufacturers such
as Toyota, Honda, Suzuki, Daihatsu, Nissan, Fiat, Ford, etc. . This again is
unfavorable for the Chinese automobile industry.
38. • Attitude to illness and pain
• Death
• Languages: There are seven major Chinese
dialects and many sub dialects. Mandarin is
spoken by over 70% of the population. Other
spoken languages are: Mongolian, Tibetan,
Uygur, Turkic and Korean.
• Ethnic Groups: The largest ethnic group is the
Han Chinese, who constitutes about 91.5% of
the total population . The remaining are Zhuang
, Manchu ,Hui , Miao , Uyghur , Yi , Mongol ,
Tibetan , Buyi , Korean and other ethnic
minorities.
• Education
40. • The Chinese are generally more
comfortable working in
environments where job
descriptions and lines of reporting
are clearly defined, and where
relationships between superiors
and subordinates are formal and
distant.
• Seniority is very important in
business meetings .
• Punctuality is vital when doing
business in China.
• Giving face is a very important
concept in China.
41. • Gifts are always appreciated
and play an important part in
any developing business
relationship.
• The Chinese are big drinkers.
• Communicating in China can
be a slow activity in terms of
misunderstanding.
• The Chinese are not keen on
physical contact.
43. • Networking and building strong relationships is a very important and useful
negotiation tactic the Chinese use for successful negotiation.
• Business negotiations with the Chinese occur at a slow pace.
• The Chinese will do anything to prevent shame, embarrassment, and
dishonor, even if it means lying and denying.
• The Chinese usually do not say, “No” to reject your Idea or your proposal;
instead, they will use answers that sound like yes, but actually mean “No”.
• The Chinese people believe in collectivism and the decision taken by they
are mostly collective with everyone putting in their input.
44. Eight important elements of the Chinese
negotiation style
• Guanxi: The Chinese consider human capital as the most useful resource. Their decisions will be
centered on their relationships with their friends, associates and even their relatives.
• Zhongjian Ren: The Chinese have distrust for any foreigner. They usually require an intermediary
in order to come to some sort of understanding with the foreigners. The Chinese need to identify
with members of the opposite team in order to be effective in the achievement of their objectives.
• Shehui Dengji: The Chinese have a deep respect for social status. They think that authority has a
very important part to play in society and must not be undermined. The Chinese negotiators usually
behave in a very formal manner.
• Renji Hexie: The Chinese are quite friendly to their counterparts on the negotiating table. The
Chinese negotiators are welcoming in nature with a good sense of humor. Even when Chinese
negotiators may be unhappy with certain decisions.
45. • Zhengti Guannian: The Chinese negotiation style is such that they deal with all issues at ago.
They are synchronous people who like to do multiple tasks at a single time.
• Jiejian: The Chinese have a deep saving culture. This behavior is also seen in their
negotiating styles as most of them tend to make decisions that will result in savings. Therefore
the most important factor in most of their negotiations is based on price.
• Mianzi: The Chinese are deeply concerned with maintaining their reputations so as to have
strong social standing. . It does not matter whether the person who made them lose face did it
intentionally or not. To them, all that counts is that they maintain their composure.
• Chiku Nailao: The Chinese believe that work should not just be characterized by diligence.
They believe that this should be topped up by endurance.