Concentrated neighborhood poverty- few resources for child development, parks or playgrounds.
15 year Nationally representative study of poverty patterns on selected group of 4 year olds
Ecological- interrelationship of organisms with their environments
Ecological- pattern of relations between organisms and their environment
Neurobehavioral is the action of the nervous system and behavior Aphasia, alexia and learning disabilities result
Neonatal- first month of life LBW is the primary cause of death for black infants Disparity between Cuban and Puerto Rican populations is SES The disproportionate for black infants was studied in 2007 in NYC hospitals for VLBW babies. 11% white 21% black was adjusted for risk (prenatal care, mother’s health) and found that the difference in mortality rates was found in the hospitals themselves. 9 to 27 deaths per 1,000.
Neurological abnormalities- sensory integration and motor confusion results Acuity- Sharpness in vision Iron deficiency and stunting are indications of malnourishment
Moderate- lessen the intensity Age- under 18 or over 40 Prenatal- iron intake should be double when pregnant if not less oxygen to the baby effect brain development and often preterm labor Problems with pregnancy- gestational diabetes, infections, preeclampsia and placenta abruption
Mediating –to effect by action Lifestyle- smoking or drugs
Inadequate access- only 56% of poor children with Medicaid received routine care
Ear infections may explain the higher incidence of hearing loss among poor children
Measures the stimulation potential of a child’s environment. Developed as a substitute for reliance on social class or SES as indices of the adequacy of the home environment. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth- 5 biannual assessments Those not in poverty were more likely to have a safe home environment Parents below poverty line were more likely to spank their children
Acceptance of child by the parent & disciplining measures Non poor children were far more likely than poor children to have 3 or more children’s books Non poor mothers were more likely to speak to their children twice or more Also respond to their children verbally during the visit Non poor mothers were twice as likely to read to their children 3 or more times a week
African Americans, Mexican American and Whites. This measure was used in several international studies of poverty and cognitive development.
Food security exists when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient , safe nutritious food.
Concentrated neighborhood poverty- less provision of learning experiences and role models
Health- lead levels, LBW & ear infections Nutrition- attentiveness, physical & cognitive development Home- organized, free of hazards, stress levels, substance abuse Parents- verbal interactions between parents and children, expectations of achievement, discipline strategies Parental Mental health- impaired parental-child interactions and less provision of learning experience Neighborhood- social disorganization and few resources for child development
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