The history of Lincoln Sibusiso Nyembezi

1. Umlando kaLincoln
Sibusiso Nyembenzi
Sizozinquma amakhanda siziyeke. Singegeqe
gula funa kuthiwe siyemuka.
Nhlanhla Maseko
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2. Ukuzalwa, ukukhula,
ukufunda nokusebenza
• USibusiso Nyembezi wazalwa ngonyaka we-1919 eBabanango,
eNyakatho neKwaZulu-Natali. Ungowesibili kubafana abane
kwabo.
• Amabanga aphansi emfundo wawafunda ngakubo kwase kuthi
amabanga aphezulu wawenza eMarianhill, ngasePinetown.
• Waphothula iziqu zakhe zika-BA ngonyaka we-1946 e-Unisa
emva kwalokho wayesenza i-BA Honours ngowe-1947 eWits.
• Ukusuka ngowe-1948 kuya kowe-1953 (isikhathi sokuqala
kobandlululo), uNyembezi wafundisa e-University of the
Witwatersrdand isiZulu kanye nesiXhosa.
• Ngowe-1954 uNyembezi wenza iziqu zakhe ze-MA ne-
University of the Witwatersrand.
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3. Umlando kaNyembezi
(uyaqhutshwa)
• Ngowe-1955 wathola isikhala sokufundisa e-University College
of Fort Hare, eMpumalanga- Koloni (khumbula ukuthi lena
yinyuvesi iningi labaholi bezombusazwe abafunde kuyo)
• Ngowe-1959 wesula emsebenzini, washiya, ngenxa yemithetho
ayengahambisani nayo eyayibekwe wuhulumeni wobandlululo
phezu kwamanyuvesi wabantu abamnyama.
• Ngemuva kwesikhathi eside engasebenzi, wagcina esethatha
umsebenzi wokuhlela izincwadi enkampanini yabashicileli bakwa-
Shuter and Shooter eMgungundlovu nokuyilapho agcine
esebenza khona waze wathatha umhlalaphansi.
• Wedlula emhlabeni ngonyaka we-2000 eneminyaka engama-81.
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4. Imisebenzi kaNyembezi
• Imisebenzi kaNyembezi ingaphezu kweshumi
nambili kanti ifaka phakathi kokunye amanoveli,
izinkondlo, ubuciko bomlomo, uhlelo lolimi,
izichazamazwi kanye nocwaningo.
• Kumanoveli wabhala lawa: Mntanami! Mntanami!,
Ubudoda Abukhulelwa nethi Inkinsela YaseMgungundlovu.
Wahumusha nencwadi yesiNgisi ka-Allan Paton ethi,
Cry the Beloved Country, isihumusho sithi: Lafa Elihle
Kakhulu.
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5. Nayi imisebenzi kaNyembezi
• 1950. Mntanami! Mntanami! Johannesburg: Bona-Pers.
1953. Ubudoda abukhulelwa. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
• 1954. Zulu Proverbs. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
1956. Uhlelo lwesiZulu. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
1958. Learn Zulu. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
• 1958. Cry, The Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, into Zulu as Lafa elihle
kakhulu. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
1961. Inkinsela yaseMgungundlovu. (translated as The Rich Man of
Pietermaritzburg, 2008). Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
1963. Imisebe yelanga. Johannesburg: Educum Publishers.
1963. Amahlungu aluhlaza. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
1958. Izibongo zamakhosi. Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter.
1966. Inqolobane yesizwe. (uyihlanganyele no-Otty Ezrom Mandla
Nxumalo). Johannesburg: Shuter and Shooter
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6. Okwenza Inkinsela ibe nedumela
• Inoveli iyonke yenzeka ngesonto elilodwa ngokwesikhathi
sendaba. Yinto engejwayelekile ukuthi inoveli ithathe isikhathi
esifishane kangaka. (Kukhona omunye umbhali, uN.J. Makhaye,
oke wazama ukubhala inoveli eyenzeka usuku olulodwa, inoveli
ethi, Uze ungikhonzele, kodwa izinga layo kalikho phezulu)
• Inoveli yakhe yakhombisa ukwehluka ngokwendikimba
emanovelini amaningi esiZulu ayandulelayo: ubugebengu
obuhleliwe obuhamba nokuzethemba. Okunye okwenza
yehluke inoveli yakhe wukuthi njengoba iningi lamanoveli
lalikhombisa ukusuka komuntu endaweni yasemakhaya eya
edolobheni, kule noveli sithola umuntu osuka edolobheni
ngenhloso yokuyoqola abantu emakhaya.
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7. Inkinsela (iyaqhutshwa)
• Inoveli kaNyembezi yaguqulwa yaba wumdlalo womoya owaba
nedumela ngemuva kokuthi seyashicilelwa.
• Yaphinde yaguqulelwa noma yahlelelwa ukuthi idlale
kumabonakude ngeminyaka yaw-1990. (Kukhona abathile
ababephika uma bebuka umdlalo bethi akuyena uNdebenkulu
lona okumabonakude sengathi bamazi ngamehlo) Nomdlalo
kamabonakude waba nedumela ngangokuthi nanamuhla lokhu
kukhona abafisa ukuthi ubuyiswe.
• Inoveli yakhe yafundwa ezikoleni, hhayi eNingizimu Afrika
kuphela kodwa ngisho naseZimbabwe imbala. Khumbula ukuthi
amaNdebele aseZimbabwe ayazisebenzisa kakhulu izincwadi
zesiZulu eziphuma ezweni lakithi.
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8. Inkinsela (iyaqhutshwa)
• Ngonyaka kwe-2010 le noveli iphinde yabuyiswa, yagaywa kabusha ngaphansi
kohlelo lwe-Reprinting South African Classics nokuwuhlelo olugqugquzelwe
lwaphinde lwaxhaswa wuMnyango woBuciko naMasiko kuZwelonke (National
Department of Arts and Culture).
• Ngonyaka odlule le noveli ihlelelwe ukuthi idlale njengomdlalo womoya ezweni
laseZimbabwe.
• Iphinde yaqokwa njengezinye zezincwadi eziyi-100 ezihamba phambili e-Africa.
(Bheka nasi isixhumanisi
https://www.indiana.edu/~libsalc/africa/scripts/awards1.php?award=3)
• Le noveli ingenye yamanoveli esiZulu ambalwa ahunyushelwe esiNgisini (The
Richman of Pietermaritzburg) kanye nasesiSuthwini (Kgabane ya Mokokotlofo), kanti
izophinde ihunyushelwe kwezinye izilimi ngaphansi kwe-Reprinting South African
Classics
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9. Ukuhluza inoveli kafushane
Indaba ngamafuphi:
• Lena yinoveli yobugebengu obuhleliwe obenziwa
ngumuntu onesibindi. Inoveli yenzeka ngesikhathi
seminyaka yawo-1950 lapho uhulumeni owayephethe
ngaleso sikhathi ayeshaye umthetho wokuthi abantu
banciphise imfuyo ngoba iqeda amadlelo.
• UNdebenkulu usuka eMgungundlovu uyoqola
abanumzane abahlonishwayo eNyanyanyadu, bude
buduze naseDandi.
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10. Indaba ngamafuphi
(iyaqhutshwa)
• Indaba iqala lapho uMkhwanazi, omunye
wabanumzane abahlonishwayo eNyanyadu, ethola
incwadi evela kuCC Ndebenkulu. Kule ncwadi
uNdebenkulu ubeka isifiso sokuvakashela eNyanyadu
ngenhloso yokusiza abanumzane bendawo bakwazi
ukuthengisa izinkomo zabo ngamanani abafanele.
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11. Indaba ngamafuphi
(iyaqhutshwa)
• Ekufikeni kwakhe uNdebenkulu, uzibeka
njengomuntu osezingeni eliphezulu nofundile
• Uba nemihlangano nabanumzane bendawo –
uyaphumelela ukukhohlisa uMkhwanazi ukuze
amnike izinkomo zakhe ayomthengisela.
• Ngosuku lokuhamba kwezinkomo uNdebenkulu
(obuye aziwe ngelika-EE Mlomo) uyabanjwa
akhalelwe amasongo kaSigonyela.
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12. Izindikimba
• Indikimba enkulu kule noveli yileyo yokuqolwa
kwabantu basemakhaya yisigebengu esivela
edolobheni. UNyembezi wenza okungavamile ukuthi
asethulele umlingiswa ophuma edolobheni aye
emakhaya kanti imibhalo eminingi yangaleso sikhathi
ibiveza abalingiswa abasuka emakhaya baye
emadolobheni bese bephenduka
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13. Izindikimba (Ziyaqhutshwa)
• UNdebenkulu usebenzisa ithuba ngoba enolwazi
lokuthi abantu bakhathazekile ngendaba
yokuncishiswa kwemfuyo (ngokomthetho
owawusanda kushaywa) kanti uma bezithengisela
bona izinkomo bathola imali encane.
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14. Izindikimba (Ziyaqhutshwa)
• Imfundo: ngenye yezindikimba esizithola kule
noveli. UNdebenkulu usebenzisa imfundo nolwazi
lwakhe ukuqola abantu. Uthi wazana nabeLungu
abaphezulu futhi uma bembhalela abakhohlwa
ukubhala bathi uyisikwaya.
• UThemba uyasikhombisa ukuthi abantu bendawo
sebeqala ukuya nasezikhungweni zemfundo
ephakeme. Imfundo yakhe imenza ayisole le ndaba
kaNdebenkulu.
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15. Izindikimba (Ziyaqhutshwa)
• Ubandlululo: umthetho wokuncishiswa kwemfuyo
yabantu abamnyama uyinkomba yobandlululo. Lapha
siphinde sithole abantu bezicindezela noma
bezibukela phansi bona ngokwabo. UmLungu
uthathwa njengomuntu ophezulu (yikho uNdeb. ethi
ubhalelana nabeLungu), idolobha liyindawo
ephambili: umuntu ovela edolobheni uyahlonishwa
(self-inferiority complex)
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16. Izindikimba (Ziyaqhutshwa)
• Impilo yasemakhaya isemuva
kuneyasedolobheni: siyathola kuqhathaniswa
impilo yalezi zindawo. UNdebenkulu uthi ngolunye
usuku: ‘Nisesemuva, Mkhwanazi.’ ‘Nisagibela
amakalishi? Ukuba bengazi ngabe ngize ngemoto.’
Umqondo obusa abantu ngowokuthi abasedolobheni
kumele bakhanyisele/baphucule abasemakhaya.
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17. Izindikimba (Ziyaqhutshwa)
• Umnotho wasemakhaya: imfuyo nokulima.
Abanumzane bendawo bafuyile futhi bayalima
(isibonelo: uMkhwanazi). Lena yindlela yempilo
emakhaya futhi iletha ukuhlonipheka kubanumzane.
UNdebenkulu uyakwazi lokhu – yikho enquma
‘ukuyosiza’ ngokubathengisela izinkomo
• Wena uthini?
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18. Isizinda
• Indawo: eNyanyadu, emakhaya aseduze nedolobha
laseDandi.
• Isikhathi: ngesakudala lapho uHulumeni
wobandlululo ayeshaye umthetho wokuthi abantu
abamnyama banciphise imfuyo
• Isimo senhlalo: lapha sikhuluma ngokuthi abantu
bangalesi sikhathi imfuyo bekuyigugu, ukulima
kuyimpilo yemihla, umnotho kuyimfuyo
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19. Abalingiswa
• Sizokhumbula ukuthi ngabantu abasungulwa
ngumlobi ukuze indaba yakhe ixoxeke. Abalingiswa
bethulwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
• 1. Ukugqoka
• 2. Abakukhulumayo nokukhulunywa ngabo
• 3. Ukuchaza kombhali
• 4. Imicabango
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20. Abalingiswa (Bayaqhutshwa)
• UNdebenkulu: ugqoka izinto athi zibiza imali;
ukhuluma ngokuzikhukhumeza; ukwenza kwakhe
kukhombisa ukubukela abanye abantu phansi; abantu
bacabanga izinto ezahlukene ngaye ngoba kukhona
abasola ukuthi uyiqola kanti kukhona
abamethembayo njengomuntu ohlala edolobheni
futhi owazana nabeLungu abakhulu. Lo mlingiswa
akakhuli….
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21. Abalingiswa (Bayaqhutshwa)
• UMkhwanazi: ugqoka ngendlela ekhombisayo
ukuthi ungumuntu ozisebenzela ngezandla; imfuyo
uyikhonzile futhi angenza noma yini ukuze ayivikele
(iyisithunzi sakhe njengendoda); abanye abantu
bacabanga ukuthi uqotho futhi uhloniphekile
(yingakho uNdebenkulu ebhalela yena esikhundleni
sabanye abanumzane)
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22. Abalingiswa (Bayaqhutshwa)
• UMkhwanazi kukhomba ukuthi akayile esikoleni
futhi usheshe akholwe kalula.
• UMaNtuli: uchazwa wumlobi njengowesifazane
okhuthele; unolaka; imicabango nezinkulumo aba
nazo kanye nabanye abalingiswa kukhomba ukuthi
uyishaya emuva ayishaye phambili
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23. Abalingiswa (Bayaqhutshwa)
• UThemba: indlela akhuluma ngayo nabantu abadala
ikhombisa ukuthi ukhuliswe ngenhlonipho; indlela
acabanga ngayo imveza ukuthi imfundo imenze
wahlakanipha kangcono (ufunda ekolishi); siyathola
ukuthi usegqoka amabhulukwe amade (ubude
bebhulukwe bukhomba ukukhula koligqokayo, kanti
ukukhula koligqokayo kusho ukuhluzeka)
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24. Izincwadi ongazifunda
• Ntuli, J H – The Conception and Evolution of
Characterisation in the Zulu novel
• Kunene, Daniel P – The Zulu novels of Sibusiso
Nyembezi: A Critical Appraisal
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