Pakistan

2. ENERGY CRISIS OF PAKISTAN: CAUSES & REMEDY
PRESENTED BY: SECTION (E)
BE-ELECTRICAL(TELECOM)
FOUNDATION SEMESTER 2012
IBA SUKKUR

3. GROUP MEMBERS
 LATIF HYDER WADHO (LEADER)
 IFTHIKHAR MEMON
 AHMAD FARHAN
 AMIR SHAH
 M.YASIR NOOR
 TARIQ RASHEED
 ASHFAQUE ALI
 NASEER-U-DIN KHASKHELI
 SABIR HUSSAIN
 MAKHANO SHAR
 IZHAR HUSSAIN

4. Introduction
Objectives
Energy Resources of Pakistan
Ten Years of Energy Consumption
Causes of Energy Crisis
Recommendations
Conclusion
AGENDA

5. ENERGY
 Energy is a physical quantity that describes the
amount of work that can be done by a force.
FORMS OF ENERGY
IFTHIKHAR MEMON

6. ENERGY CRISIS……..?
An energy crisis is any great shortfall in the
supply of energy resources to an economy. It
usually refers to the shortage of oil and
additionally to electricity or other natural
resources.
The crisis often has effects on the rest of the
economy, with many recessions being caused
by an energy crisis in some form. In particular,
the production costs of electricity rise, which
raises manufacturing costs.
IFTHIKHAR MEMON
NEXT LATIF HYDER WADHO

7. ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN
Energy crisis in Pakistan was expected
and it started in the year 2007
LATIF HYDER WADHO

8. THE MAJOR SHORT FALL
LATIF HYDER WADHO

9. 1] (LESCO) - Lahore Electric Supply Company
2] (GEPCO) - Gujranwala Electric Power Company
3] (FESCO) - Faisalabad Electric Supply Company
4] (IESCO) - Islamabad Electric Supply Company
5] (MEPCO) - Multan Electric Power Company
6] (PESCO) - Peshawar Electric Power Company
7] (HESCO)- Hyderabad Electric Supply Company
8] (QESCO) - Quetta Electric Supply Company
9] (TESCO) - Tribal Electric Supply Company
Nine (9) ELECTRICITY Distribution
Companies (DISCOs) as under :
LATIF HYDER WADHO

10. Ten Years of Energy Consumption
LATIF HYDER WADHO

11. YEAR EXPECTED
AVAILABLE
GENERATION
DEMAND
(SUMMER PEAK)
SURPLUS/DEFICIT
2008 13146 16848 -3338
2009 16110 17868 -1758
2010 18503 19352 -849
2011 20814 20874 -60
2012 21167 22460 -1293
2013 23368 24126 -758
2014 23538 25919 -2381
2015 24408 28029 -3621
2016 25630 30223 -4593
2017 27481 35504 -8023
2018 27481 34918 -7437
2019 27481 37907 -10426
2020 27481 41132 -13651
LATIF HYDER WADHO

12. LATIF HYDER WADHO

13. NEED OF PAKISTAN
 CURRENT YEAR POWER SHORTAGE 5,000 MW
Karachi seeing 18+ hours of load shedding
 Pakistan needs around 15,000 to 20000 MW
electricity per day, however, currently it is able to
produce about 11,500 MW per day hence there is
a shortfall of about 4000 to 9000 MW per day.
 TARGET 10,000 MW IN TWO YEARS
LATIF HYDER WADHO

14. Energy Resources of Pakistan
Pakistan’s Conventional Energy Resources
Energy Type Potential Source
Crude Oil 339 million barrels recoverable reserves. Pak Eco Survey 2007-08
Natural Gas 31,266 trillion cubic feet recoverable reserves. Pak Eco Survey 2007-08
Coal 185 billion tones recoverable reserves. Pak Eco Survey 2007-08
Hydro Energy 46,000 MW identified potential Govt. of Pakistan 2005
Nuclear power Nuclear power of capacity 425 MWe World Nuclear Association
2008
Pakistan’s Renewable Energy Resources

1. Wind Energy
2. Solar Energy
3. Bio-mass & Bio-fuels
4. Geo-Thermal Energy
LATIF HYDER WADHO

15. HYDEL:
•Cheapest and most suitable for Pakistan
•Pakistan has got the potential of producing 46000 MW of
electricity
•Out of which only 6595 MW is produced
LATIF HYDER WADHO
NEXT AHMAD FARHAN

16. WIND:
• Free and clean
• wind corridor that is 60 km wide (Gharo ~ Kati Bandar) and 180 km
long (up to Hyderabad).
• Up to 50,000 MW production potential in Pakistan
AHMAD FARHAN

17. AHMAD FARHAN
NEXT AMIR SHAH

18. BIOMASS / WASTE-TO-ENERGY
•For 20 years the developed countries are
using this technology
•Every city of Pakistan produces
thousands of tons of solid waste and
millions of gallons water waste
•Can be converted in to energy (power
generation) and fertilizer
AMIR SHAH
NEXT M.YASIR NOOR

19. SOLAR ENERGY (SOLAR PANELS)
• Solar cells convert solar energy in to electricity
• Pakistan has an excellent potential of receiving solar
radiations throughout
the year
• Solar Energy is available at a rate of 1000 watts per square
meter in Pakistan.
M.YASIR NOOR
NEXT TARIQ RASHEED

20. COAL
TARIQ RASHEED

21. EMR- ConsultE M R
21
Pakistan’s Thar Coal Potential
 Worlds Single largest contiguous Coal field extending over 10,000 Sq KMs
 Reserves of 175 – 200 billions tons exceed oil equivalent reserves of Saudi
Arabia, Iraq, Iran, with a value of several trillion US$
 Phased development can lead to 400 – 600 mt /year coal mining in 20 years
 All of Pakistan’s energy requirements (Electric, Power, Gas, Diesel) can be
met in 2020 – 2030 scenario
 In addition to Electric Power, SNG, Chemicals, Fertilizer, etc can be produced
for self consumption and surplus can be exported
 Contribution to GDP in plants, products, services, employment, etc, would
be in the range of $200b-$300b which exceeds Pakistan’s current GDP of $
170 b
 Thar Coal is God’s Gift of “Black Gold” to the People of Pakistan and will
ensure the Nation’s Energy & Economic FutureCoal production costs have to
be in the range of $20 - $25 /tons, which equates to a crude oil cost of about
$50 per barrel in order to achieve economical levels
21
THAR COAL UTILIZATION
TARIQ RASHEED
NEXT ASHFAQUE ALI

22. ALTERNATIVES
According to AEDP (Alternate Energy Development of Pakistan) the current
status of electrical energy is:
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY: 19505 MW
ENERGY SOURCES
The AEDP is working on the following alternate energy resources:
•Wind
•Micro wind
•Solar photovoltaic
•Micro hydel
•Biomass / waste-to-energy
•Solar thermal
•Bio fuels
•Fuel cell
•Geo thermal
THERMAL 12580 MW
65%
HYDEL 6463 MW
33%
NUCLEAR 462 MW 2%
ASHFAQUE ALI

23. STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT OF
PAKISTAN
•FOUR WIND MILLS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED IN COASTAL AREA
OF SINDH
• 10 SMALL HYDRO PLANTS WITH A CAPACITY OF 110 MW
IN PROGRESS
•BHASHA DAM POLICY WILL BE TAKEN IN TO CONSIDERATION
ASHFAQUE ALI
NEXT MAKHANO SHAR

24. CONSEQUENCES OF ENERGY CRISIS
IN PAKISTAN
• ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY
• FLUCTUATION OF OIL PRICES IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET
• FAULTY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• AGING OF EQUIPMENT
• UNPRODUCTIVE EFFORTS
•MISMANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES
MAKHANO SHAR

25. CONSEQUENCES OF ENERGY CRISIS
1. Economic and Political instability.
Effects our GDP & Energy growth…
2. Fluctuation of oil prices in international market.
WAPDA & KESC purchase expensive oil and transfer cost to
customers…
3. Faulty Distribution System.
We waste 15 to 20 percent energy through poor distribution system…
4. Aging of equipment.
Unable to generate required electricity…
5. Unproductive efforts.
Seminars & conferences but no implementation…
6. Mismanagement of energy resources.
Lack of technical knowledge and equipment to utilize existing resources...
MAKHANO SHAR
NEXT NASEER-U-DIN

26. Recommendations
1. Short Term Plan
2. Long Term Plan.
SOLUTIONS
To overcome the current energy crisis
Pakistan needs to take the following steps
NASEER-U-DIN KHASKHELI

27. Recommendations
Short-term Plan
 Increase the number of IPPs
(Independent Power Producers).
 Reactivate the closed power
generating units.
 Overhaul the existing poor
distribution system.
 Import electricity to fulfill the
current need for industries on ad hoc
basis.
 Government should have strict check
on energy indicators on regular basis
to counter such crisis in future.
NASEER-U-DIN KHASKHELI

28. Long-term Plan
 Developing and installing coal based
powerhouses.
 Initiate agreements for mega projects with
the energy extensive countries for
sustainable energy resources.
 Explorations of more oil, gas and coal
reserves.
 Provide incentives for up-gradation and
training to the engineer for new technology
SABIR HUSSAIN
NEXT IZHAR HUSSAIN

29. CONCLUSION
IZHAR HUSSAIN

30. This study recommends Government of Pakistan
to take strong steps to overhaul its existing
infrastructure and transformed it to utilize
renewable energy for future needs.
 Government should also take steps to utilize the
coal reserves though it will give us energy for
next 500 years.
IZHAR HUSSAIN