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Geospatial information is vital for many domains
78% of German Wikipedia articles in
2013 were found to be either
directly or indirectly related to
geospatial location references.
Source: Hahmann, S., Burghardt, D., How much
information is geospatially referenced?
Networks and cognition. International Journal of
Geographical Information Science 2013, 27(6),
p. 1171-1189,DOI:
10.1080/13658816.2012.743664.
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Information modelling: There is a real world out there
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General information modelling concepts
Information model:
“a formal description of types of
ideas, facts and processes which
together form a model of a portion
of interest of the real world and
which provides an explicit set of
interpretation rules”
(Schenck and Wilson, 1994)
Source: ISO 19103:2015
Ontology: “a set of precise descriptive statements about
some part of the world (usually referred to as the domain of
interest or the subject matter of the ontology)”. (Hitzler et
al., 2012)
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ISO/TC 211 Information modelling concepts
Source: ISO 19103:2015
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ISO/TC 211
Model Driven Architecture – levels of abstraction
Source:
Jetlund, K., Onstein, E., Huang, L., Information Exchange between GIS and Geospatial ITS Databases
Based on a Generic Model. Isprs International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8(3), p. 141,DOI: ARTN
141 10.3390/ijgi8030141.
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• All UML models in one
repository
– Subversion repository run by JRC
– Will be moved to Sparx Pro Cloud
• Maintained by The Harmonized
Model Maintenance Group
(HMMG)
• Resue of concepts
– Internally in ISO/TC 211 standards
– Externally: OGC, INSPIRE,
Domain models, National models
• Model-driven implementation
The Harmonized UML Model
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Example dependencies (ISO 19116)
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• The standard document
presents the model as text
and figures…
• …and add normative
statments, conformance
classes and conformance
tests…
• …but the UML model is the
original.
The UML models are the standards!
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• https://github.com/ISO-TC211/UML-Best-Practices/wiki
UML Best Practices
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• https://www.isotc211.org/hmmg/HTML/ConceptualModels/
HTML view of The Harmonized Model
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• https://github.com/ISO-TC211/HMMG
– EA UML Projects https://github.com/ISO-
TC211/HMMG/tree/master/EA
– Wiki https://github.com/ISO-TC211/HMMG/wiki
HMMG at GitHub
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ISO/TC 211
Model driven implementation
Source:
Knut Jetlund
Implementation
Conversion
rules
UMLmodelling
Conceptual
schemas
Metamodels
Implementation
schemas
UML Metamodel, ISO19103 UML Profile,
ISO 19109 General Feature Model
ISO 19107 Spatial Schema, ISO19108 Temporal Schema, ISO19111
Referencing by coordinates, etc.
INSPIRE, OGCCityGML, LandInfra/ InfraGML, GDF etc.
UML modelling
rules
ISO 19103
ISO 19109
ISO 19136
Abstract
schemas
Application
schemas
According to
GML OWL
Conversion
ISO 19136
ISO 19139
ISO 19150-2Apply rulesConversion
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• ISO 19136 Geography Markup Language
– XML for geospatial information
– Rules for UML Modelling
– Rules for conversion from UML to GML
• ISO 19139 XML schema implementation
– General rules for conversion from UML to XML
• ISO 19150-2 Ontologies
– Rules for conversion from UML to OWL
Standardized Model-driven implementation
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• Derived from The Harmonized Model:
– XML Schemas https://schemas.isotc211.org
– OWL Ontologies https://def.isotc211.org
Standardized Implementation Schemas
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• The standard document
presents the model as text
and figures…
• …and add normative
statments, conformance
classes and conformance
tests…
• …the UML model is the
original…
• …but the schema is the
resource needed for
implementation!
The schemas are the resources for implementation!
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isotc211.org:
Resources for implementation
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Resource Sub-domain structure
XML Schemas and example files https://schemas.isotc211.org
Ontologies (as specified in Annex B of ISO 19150-2) https://def.isotc211.org
Registries https://registry.isotc211.org
Profiles, conformance classes and tests, and
normative statements https://standards.isotc211.org
Core URI structures at isotc211.org
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• International, regional, national models
• Domain models
Use of ISO/TC 211 standards in
Non-ISO Application Schemas
Applying UML rules
&
Conversion rules
Reuse of
UML Models
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• https://github.com/ISO-TC211
• Working area for
– Ontologies (GOM)
– XML Schemas (XMG)
– Standardization projects
ISO/TC 211 GitHub
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• https://github.com/ISO-TC211
• Working area for
– Ontologies
– XML Schemas
– Standardization projects
ISO/TC 211 GitHub
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Summary
• UML models are the standards!
• Implementation Schemas are
needed for implementation
• Documents with normative
statements, conformance classes
and tests
isotc211.org
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Thank you for listening !
- Questions, comments, concerns?
Knut Jetlund
Convenor
ISO/TC 211 Harmonized Model Maintenance Group
knut.jetlund@vegvesen.no
Twitter: @Jetgeo
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/knut-jetlund/
Editor's Notes
Det er her vi starter. Der ute er den virkelige verden, og det er den vi skal gjenskape på egnet måte på skjermene våre.
Virkeligheten kan for eksempel se slik ut. En veg med fotgjengerovergang og en rundkjøring, gang- og sykkelveg, en støyskjerm, noen flaggstenger, et politihus og en halvferdig fotballstadion. Dette kan vi gjenskape som et kart, der de ulike objektene vi ser på bildet er vist med symboler og farger. Men for at dette skal kunne fungere må applikasjonen vår forstå hva det er vi har lagd modeller av og vil gjenskape, og hvordan vi har kategorisert for eksempel vegkategorier.
I en annen sammenheng, og stadig oftere, kan det være behov for å gjenskape virkeligheten i 3D, og det gir som kjent enda noen utfordringer.