Translation of Ar-razi description of Allergic Rhinitis: “1 understood all that you asked about his illness, as to the cause of the disease and why it becomes worse during pollinisation (Spring season) when the smell of flowers amplifies the illness. So I shall concentrate on the prophylaxis and treatment of the disease very briefly”'.

1. ConférenceConférence enen
HISTOIRE DE LA MÉDECINEHISTOIRE DE LA MÉDECINE
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫دور‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫دور‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬
KheirKheir EddineEddine Kerboua Pharm.D.Kerboua Pharm.D.
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫دور‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫دور‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬
Le rôle de AbouLe rôle de Abou BakrBakr ArAr--RaziRazi
en Immunologie Cliniqueen Immunologie Clinique

2. ‫اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺐ‬‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ‬‫اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺐ‬‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬‫أﻃﺒﺎء‬‫ﺣﻮل‬‫اﻟﻜﺎذﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻧﻈ‬‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة‬‫أﻃﺒﺎء‬‫ﺣﻮل‬‫اﻟﻜﺎذﺑﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬‫ﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬ ‫ا‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻧﻈ‬
‫طﺒﯿﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﯾﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻛﺒﯿﺪﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ :‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬

3. ‫اﻟﻣﯾﻼد‬ ‫074-063ﻗﺑل‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫َﻌدوﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬َ ‫ﻛﺎن‬‫ﻓﺄوﺟده‬‫ُﻘراط‬‫ﺑ‬َ‫أ‬،
‫ﻓﺄﺣﯾﺎه‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ّﺗ‬ِ‫ﯾ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬‫ﺟﺎﻟﯾﻧوس‬،
‫اﻧﻪ‬‫اﻟﻄﺐ‬‫ﻓﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬‫اﻧﻪ‬‫اﻟﻄﺐ‬‫ﻓﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫وﻛﺎن‬‫ﺳﯾﻧﺎ‬ ُ‫اﺑن‬ ‫َﻠﮫ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻓﺄﻛ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ِﺻ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻧﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻣﯾﻼد‬ ‫074-063ﻗﺑل‬
130-210‫م‬
–925‫م‬ 854
‫089م‬ -1073
‫ﻓﺄﺣﯾﺎه‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ّﺗ‬ِ‫ﯾ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬‫ﺟﺎﻟﯾﻧوس‬،
‫ازي‬‫اﻟرﱠ‬ ‫ﻓﺟﻣﻌﮫ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬ِّ‫ﻣﺗﻔر‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬،

4. ‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬
‫أﺑﻮ‬‫أﺑﻮ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬

5. ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ـﺎل‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ـﺎل‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻬﺎب‬‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻬﺎب‬‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻲ‬‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻤﻲ‬
)‫اﻟﻘﺶ‬‫ﺣﻤﻰ‬‫اﻟﻘﺶ‬‫ﺣﻤﻰ‬(‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫طب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺻول‬‫اﻷﻣﺔ‬ ‫طب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺻول‬
Translation of Ar-razi description of Allergic Rhinitis: “1 understood all that you asked about his
illness, as to the cause of the disease and why it becomes worse during pollinisation (Spring season)
when the smell of flowers amplifies the illness. So I shall concentrate on the prophylaxis and
treatment of the disease very briefly”'.

6. ‫أﻋطﻲ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻗد‬‫ﻟﻠرﺑو‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫دﻗﯾ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫وﺻ‬‫ﻛﺗب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وأول‬‫واﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ً‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻ‬‫اﻟرازي‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻗد‬
‫ﻣن‬‫إﻟﺗﮭﺎب‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺑب‬ ‫ﺷرح‬ ‫وﻗد‬ ‫اﻟرﺑﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷزھﺎر‬ ‫ﺷم‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻷﻧف‬‫ﻣﻘﺎل‬
‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‬‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‬‫اﻟﻣﻘﯾﺎس‬‫اﻟﻣﻘﯾﺎس‬‫اﻷﻧف‬ ‫ﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻲ‬‫اﻷﻧف‬ ‫ﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﻲ‬
‫ﯾﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻣﺎزال‬‫ﯾﻌﻣل‬ ‫ﻣﺎزال‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻر‬ ‫أطﺑﺎء‬‫اﻟﺣدﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻر‬ ‫أطﺑﺎء‬
)‫اﺋﺪ‬‫ﺰ‬‫اﻟ‬‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬‫إﻓﺮاز‬(‫واﻧﺴﺪادﻩ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬‫ـﺎن‬‫ﻘ‬‫واﺣﺘ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻄﺲ‬‫وﻧﻮﺑﺎت‬ ،‫واﻟﺤﻜﺔ‬ ،
‫ﻗﺎم‬‫اﻟرﺑو‬ ‫اﻛﺗﺷف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أول‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬ ‫واﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻋدﯾد‬ ‫ﺑﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬‫اﻟﺗﺣﺳﺳﻲ‬.‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬‫اﻷﻧف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﮭﺎﺑﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗش‬
‫اﻟﻣوﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬‫ﻓﺻل‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫اﻟورود‬ ‫راﺋﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻧﺷﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﺣدوﺛﮭﺎ‬ ‫وأﺳﺑﺎب‬‫اﻟرﺑﯾﻊ‬
‫اﻷﻧف‬ ‫ﻻﻟﺗﮭﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻣﯾزة‬ ‫اﻷﻋراض‬ ‫وﻣن‬‫اﻟﺗﺣﺳﺳﻲ‬‫ھﻲ‬:‫اﻷﻧف‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻼن‬)‫اﺋﺪ‬‫ﺰ‬‫اﻟ‬‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬‫از‬‫ﺮ‬‫إﻓ‬(،‫اﻟﻌﻄﺲ‬‫وﻧﻮﺑﺎت‬ ،‫واﻟﺤﻜﺔ‬ ،
‫واﻧﺴﺪادﻩ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻒ‬‫ـﺎن‬‫ﻘ‬‫واﺣﺘ‬
‫ﻣﺣددة‬ ‫ﻣوﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺑﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟطﻠﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎﺟﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧف‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫و‬‫ب‬-،‫اﻟﻘش‬ ‫ﺣﻣﻰ‬

7. ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺟد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺣول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺣﺻﻧﺎ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬
‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺗﻨﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫أﺧر‬ ‫ﻟطﺑﯾب‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎل‬ ‫أول‬ ‫وﺗﻧﺳب‬1000‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬

8. ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ـﻠﻨﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬‫اﺣﺘ‬‫ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬26‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺬري‬‫ﺑﺈﺑﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺟﺎز‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫وﻧﻧﺳب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬
‫اﻧﺟﻠﺗرا‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻠﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫أدﺧﻠت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﻘو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺳﯾدة‬
‫ﺳﯾدة‬‫ﻣوﻧﺗﯾﺟو‬

9. ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬‫ﺘﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬‫ﺿﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪري‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺗﻘو‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾدة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻧﺟد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺣﺻﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬‫اﻟﺳﻔﯾر‬ ‫زوﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزي‬‫أﻓراد‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻌدﯾد‬ ‫ﻣوت‬ ‫وﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺛﻣﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺻﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺟذري‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺗﮭﺎ‬‫وإدﺧﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻠﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧذ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣت‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗﺑﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻷوروﺑﺎ‬

10. ‫اﺧذ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة‬ ‫ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬‫ادوارد‬‫ﺟﻴﻨﺮ‬‫ﺟذري‬ ‫وﻟﯾس‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻘر‬ ‫ﺟذري‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎن‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎﻓﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻠﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎن‬‫ﻟﻘب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ ‫أطﻠﻘت‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫أب‬‫ﻻﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﮫ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺗﻠﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬‫أوروﺑﺎ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫اﺳﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺬري‬‫وأﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫إدوارد‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزي‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﯾب‬‫ﺟﯾﻧر‬
‫ﻣﺎﯾو‬1796

11. ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔرق‬ ‫اﻷوﺻﺎف‬ ‫أواﺋل‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫وﻛﺗب‬‫اﻟﺠﺪري‬‫واﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ‬.‫ووﺻف‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻣؤﻟﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺷﮭﯾر‬
‫اﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ‬‫و‬‫اﻟﺠﺬري‬‫ﻛﺗب‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬:‫وﻣن‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟطﻔوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺟدري‬ ،‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻼھﺗﻣﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﯾر‬
‫اﻋﺗداﻻ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬.‫ﯾﻛون‬ ‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬ ‫وذﻟك‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﻃﻨﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮض‬،‫ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ‬ ‫وﻗت‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬-‫ﺑدرﺟﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﺑﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺛم‬
‫ﺿﺪﻩ‬ ‫ـﺎوﺗﺔ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ،‫وﺑﺎء‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣراض‬‫رﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻘود‬ ‫ﻟﻌدة‬ ‫ﺗﻌود‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﯾدا‬ ‫ﺗذھب‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ،
‫أول‬ ‫رازي‬
‫ﻗدم‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﺿد‬ ‫طﻌﯾم‬
‫ﻟﻔﯾروس‬
‫ﯾﺳﺑب‬ ‫ذي‬
‫اﻟﺟدري‬
‫وذﻟك‬‫ب‬
100‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺑل‬
‫اﻛﺗﺷﺎف‬
‫ﻟﻔﯾروس‬
‫أﺧف‬ ‫وﯾﺻﺑﺢ‬ ،‫ﻓﺗﻛﺎ‬ ‫أﻗل‬ ‫وأﺻﺑﺢ‬ ،‫ﺧطره‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻗﻠت‬ ،‫اﻟﻣرض‬ ‫ﺗوطن‬ ‫ازداد‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻣﺎ‬.‘‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻣر‬ ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻛن‬‫أن‬‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬‫ﻫﻮ‬‫اول‬‫واﺗﺨﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫وﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ا‬‫ﻛﻨﻤﻮذج‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺬري‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأھﻣﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟدراﺳﺗﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫ﺗطوﯾر‬‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺗرﻛز‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫اﻟﺗﻠﻘﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺟذري‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺎب‬ ‫طﻔل‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺣص‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬
‫أول‬ ‫رازي‬
‫ﻗدم‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﺿد‬ ‫طﻌﯾم‬
‫ﻟﻔﯾروس‬
‫ﯾﺳﺑب‬ ‫ذي‬
‫اﻟﺟدري‬
‫وذﻟك‬‫ب‬
100‫ﺳﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺑل‬
‫اﻛﺗﺷﺎف‬
‫ﻟﻔﯾروس‬

12. ‫ازي‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬
‫اﻷﻣراض‬ ‫ﺿد‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺳم‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫طﺑﯾﻌﻲ‬ ‫دﻓﺎع‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
.‫أن‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬ ‫أدرك‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬‫طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫دﻓﺎع‬ ‫آﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣﻰ‬‫ﯾﻘوم‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻣرض‬ ‫ﻟﻣﺣﺎرﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺳم‬

13. ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‬‫ﺘﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷدوﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫أواﺋل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻛذﻟك‬‫اﺷﺗﻐﻠوا‬‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷدوﯾﺔ‬‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺧﯾر‬ ‫اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺑدأ‬ ‫أﻗروا‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أواﺋل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻛذﻟك‬ ،
‫اﺑﺗﻛﺎره‬ ‫إﺳﮭﺎﻣﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻓﻛﺎن‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬‫ﻟﻠﻣرھم‬‫اﻟﺰﺋﺒﻘﻲ‬،‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ‬ ‫واﻟذي‬‫اﻟﺑﺷري‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﺗﻘوﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺟل‬‫ورﻓﻊ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬‫ﻛﻔﺎﺋﺗﮫ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻗدرﺗﮫ‬‫ُﻣرﺿﺎت‬‫ﻣ‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾروﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎﺑﮭﺔ‬،
‫وﺟدﯾر‬‫ﻣرھم‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ھﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟذﻛر‬‫اﻟزﺋﺑﻖ‬‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬ ‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟذي‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫وﻋﻼج‬ ،‫ﺑﮫ‬‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻌف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧوا‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﻧﮫ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟرازي‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻛﺛﯾر‬ ‫اﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وإن‬ ،‫ھذا‬ ‫ﯾوﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾدﻟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺎع‬ ‫زال‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ،‫اﻹﯾﺟﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾره‬ ‫اﻟﻣرھم‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻧﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺑﺟﺎﻧب‬ ،‫اﻟﺟﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌود‬ ‫وﺟوده‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺿل‬ ‫اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻛر‬ ‫أﺑو‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬‫اﻟرزاي‬‫ﺷﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫دھﺎن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺑﺗﻛره‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻣﺎ‬.

14. ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫اﻟﺮازي‬‫أﺳﺲ‬‫ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫اﻷدوﯾﺔ‬ ‫دون‬
‫ﻗﺎم‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﺷﻣو‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ‬ ‫طرﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺷرح‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺄﻟﯾف‬ ‫اﻟرازي‬
‫اﻟطب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎوي‬.
‫ﯾﻘول‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬‫اﻟرازي‬:"‫ﱠﻌﺎدة‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫واﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻘد‬ ‫اﻷدوﯾﺔ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻏذﯾﺔ‬ َ‫ﺞ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬‫ﯾﻌﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻛﯾم‬ َ‫ع‬‫اﺳﺗطﺎ‬ ‫إن‬."
‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬)‫اﻟﻄﺐ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎوي‬(
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬‫اﻟﺬي‬400‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﱠرس‬‫د‬‫واﻟ‬ ‫ِﻠم‬‫ﻌ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻛبﱞ‬ ‫وھو‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ ‫اﻟزﻣن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً‫ﺔ‬‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ ‫ّر‬ِ‫ﻓ‬‫ﯾو‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﱠﮫ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ا‬ ‫ُﻛر‬‫ذ‬.
‫أﺑﻲ‬ ُ‫اﺑن‬‫ِﻌﺔ‬‫ﺑ‬‫َﯾ‬‫ﺻ‬ُ‫أ‬‫ﺗرك‬ ‫ﱠﮫ‬‫ﻧ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﯾذﻛر‬238‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﱠدﯾم‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﯾﺷﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑ‬140ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑ‬،‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫واﻟﺑﯾرو‬184ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑ‬

15. ‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ـﺎﺋﻖ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ـﺎﺋﻖ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺣ‬::
“‫اﻟﺮازي‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬ ‫أﺑﻮ‬“‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ‬ ‫أول‬
Vérités Historiques:Vérités Historiques:
« Abou Bakr Ar-Razi » le Père de l’Immunologie
Historical facts:Historical facts:
"Abu Bakr al-Razi" The Father of Immunology
Historical facts:Historical facts:
"Abu Bakr al-Razi" The Father of Immunology
‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﺟﺑﺗﮫ‬ ‫طﺑﯾب‬ ‫اﻛﺑر‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺿﻼ‬‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﺟﺑﺗﮫ‬ ‫طﺑﯾب‬ ‫اﻛﺑر‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺿﻼ‬