Explain chemical properties of alcohols by various chemical reactions  Define and explain preparation of ethers from alcohols by using chemical equations

1. Chemical Properties of Alcohols
D.M S.H. K.M

2. Contents
Introduction: Learning Objectives
Alcohols' Combustion
Alcohols' Dehydration
Alcohols' Oxidation
Preparation of Ethers
2
Examples and Questions

3. Introduction: Learning Objectives
2. Define and explain preparation of
ethers from alcohols by using chemical
equations
1. Explain chemical properties of
alcohols by various chemical
reactions

4. Alcohols' Combustion Reactions
Combustion
What is Combustion?

5. Example and Questions
Let's Practice and Revise!
___ C3H7OH + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
Propanol:
C3H7OH
or
C3H8O
reactants products
C C
H H
O O
=
a d
c
b
Coefficients:
a =
b =
c =
d =

6. Alcohols' Combustion Reactions
2C3H7OH + 9O2  6CO2 + 8H2O
Tips for Balancing:
1) If number of H atoms in alcohol molecule completely divide to 4, so the
coefficient of alcohol molecule should be 2. Then start equalizing number of
C, H, then O atoms.
2) If number of H atoms in alcohol molecule do not divide to 4, so the
coefficient of alcohol molecule should be 1. Then start equalizing number of
C, H, then O atoms.

7. Alcohols' Combustion Reactions
4. ___ C7H16O + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
3. ___ C6H13OH + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
1. ___ C4H9OH + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
2. ___ C5H11OH + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
5. ___ C8H18O + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
6. ___ C9H20O + ___ O2 → ___ CO2 + ___ H2O
Balance the combustion reaction of an alcohol:

8. Alcohols' Dehydration
Conditions:
t > 140 °C → ALKENE
t < 140 °C → ETHER

9. Alcohols' Dehydration
Dehydration of Primary alcohols:
CH3 – CH2 – CH(CH3) – CH2OH CH3 – CH2 – C(CH3) = CH2 +H2O
2-methylbutan-1-ol 2-methylbut-1-ene
2 CH3 – CH2OH CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 - CH3 + H2O
t < 140 °C
ethanol diethylether
CH3 – CH2OH CH2 = CH2 + H2O
t > 140 °C
ethanol ethene
Preparation of Ethers
Preparation of Alkenes

10. Examples and Questions
H+
H+
H+

11. Alcohols' Dehydration
Dehydration of Secondary alcohols:
CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3 CH3 - CH = CH – CH3 + H2O
butan-2-ol but-2-ene

12. Examples and Questions
CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3
CH3-C(CH3)2-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-C(OH)(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH(CH3)-C(C2H5)2-CH2-CH2-CH2OH
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+

13. Preparation of Ethers
What were the ethers?
General Formula?
Functional Group?
CH3CH2OH + HOCH2CH3 → CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O
Preparation of Ethers from Alcohols:

14. Alcohols' Oxidation

15. Alcohols' Oxidation

16. Examples and Questions
Let’s practice:
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CH(OH)-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-CH3

17. Examples and Questions – HomeWork
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