Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Terms used in Veterinary Surgery and the
Tenets of Halsted
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Lecture 2 (10/08/2017)

2. 1.Surgery
 Branch of medical science that deal with treatment of
disease by manual procedures
2. Veterinary surgery
 Surgery that is practiced on domestic and wild animals.
3. Orthopedic surgery
 Branch of surgery that deals with the preservation and
restoration of the functions of the skeletal system and
its articulation.
Terms used in Veterinary Surgery and
the Tenets of Halsted
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3. 4. Antiseptic surgery
 surgery conducted with the use of antiseptic
agents to control the bacterial contamination.
5. Aseptic surgery
 surgery done under bacterial free environment
so as to avoid complication after the surgery.
6. Minor surgery
 surgery that imposes no risk on the life of patient and
requires no assistant for the surgical procedure.
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4. 7. Major surgery
 surgery that imposes certain risk on the life of the
patient, difficult to be done, time consuming and
requires the assistance
8. Emergency surgery
 surgery done immediately to avoid further
complication of the disease process or to save the
life of the patient .
9.Elective surgery
 surgery that can be postponed without endangering
the life of the patient.
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5. 10. Cosmetic surgery
 surgery done, either to improve the appearance
of the animal or to satisfy the fancy and the
sentiment of the owner.
11. Reconstructive surgery
Surgery done for the correction
of the deformities or
malformation. e.g. atresia ani.
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6. 12. Exploratory surgery
Surgery done to arrive at a diagnosis or for the
confirmation of a diagnosis.
13. Clinic / hospital
Is an institute where medical attention is give to patients.
14. Surgical Failure
Surgical failure has occurred if the patient suffers a loss of
function, or if the patient dies.
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7. 1.Gentle handling of tissue
 the tissues need to be handled gently so as to avoid
damage, healing related to amount of damage
2.Aseptic surgery
 use of antiseptic as the patients can’t be made germ
free
3.Anatomical dissection
 Knowledge on the anatomy of the animal body is
essential before any operative procedure
Tenets of Halsted
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8. 4. Control of hemorrhage
 The hemorrhage need to be controlled during the
operative procedure
5. Obliteration of dead space
 The space that might be produced, as an after effect
of operation
6. Use of minimum suture
 During the suturing process minimum amount of
suture has to be used.
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9. 7. Avoidance of suture tension
 Excessive suture tension should be avoided during the
suturing
8. Immobilization
 The parts of body that has been treated should be
immobilized
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10. Reasons For Doing Surgery
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1. To save life
 Animal can be saved if surgical procedure is under
taken at the earliest
2. To prolong life
 Animal with incurable disease like cancer of tail or
horn can be made to live longer by removing diseased
part.
3. Hasten recovery
 Healing can be hastened with early treatment.
4. To eliminate disease process
 Certain disease condition can be removed by
performing surgery e.g. excision of skin tumor in old
dogs.

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5. For cosmetic reason
 Surgery done to improve the appearance of the
animal or to fulfill the fancy of the owner
6. To correct deformities
 correct the congenital condition that the new-born is
born with
e.g. atresia ani in piglets.
7. To replace part
 Diseased part or organ can be replaced with new and
healthy part or organ. E.g. Kidney transplants.

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8. Social acceptability
 To make animal acceptable by society
e.g. Doberman
9. For diagnosis
 For the confirmation the diagnosis surgery need to
performed, e.g. exploratory surgery.
10. Research purposes
 Surgery has to be performed for the research work.
E.g. rumen fistula

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བཀི་ཤིས་བདྡེ་ལྡེགས་ཞུ།