Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Sterilization of surgical Instruments

2. Born: 5-Apr-1827
Died: 10-Feb-1912
Pioneer of antiseptic surgery
Joseph Lister
 First surgeon to use
antiseptics (1883 and
1897)
 He used phenol to disinfect
surgical instruments

3. Sterilization & Disinfections
What is sterilization?
the process of destroying of microorganism by using
physical means like heat and light.
What is disinfections?
the process of destroying the microorganism
by using chemicals e.g. Phenol.

4.  In surgery, sterilization means making the surgical
instruments free of microorganism.
Physical Methods
Heat Light
Moist Heat Dry Heat
Eg. UV Rays
 Boiling
 Boiling under
pressure
Eg. Flaming

5. Boiling: The instruments are boiled at 100C, in a clean
container/ sterilizer at least for one hour so the germs are
totally destroyed.
Autoclaving: Autoclave is a modified pressure
cooker constructed for sterilization of surgical
instruments. 121 degree Celsius for 30 mins @ 15psi

6. Boiling under pressure: The instruments are boiled under
pressure so the heat penetration is increased and the germs
get destroyed very fast
Dry heat:
Flaming: The instrument is sterilized by showing over the
flame for a few minutes. (Emergency)
Hot air oven: Here a special oven is made use of where
there is facility for circulating the hot air over the
instruments to be sterilized.

7. Chemical Method Of Sterilization:
Phenol: Is other wise called carbolic acid and it is one of
the first chemicals to be used for disinfections in the
history of surgery. Joseph Lister was the first man to use
it.
Savlon / Aceptik: It is commercially produced
disinfectant containing the following chemicals viz.
chlorhexidine and cetrimide. It has to be diluted before
use.

8. Potassium permanganate: This chemical is available as
crystalline salt, which can be added to the water and the
instruments can be soaked in it.
Spirit: Methylated alcohol is supplied for the
disinfections of the injection sites.

9. Tr. Iodine: Is disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for
the disinfections of operation site.