Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Minor Surgery Continued

2. CASTRATION IN DOG
(Orchiectomy, Testectomy, Sterilization, Neutering)
INDICATIONS:
 Aggressive behavior of the dog
 Neoplastic growth
 Sever blunt penetrating or crushing injuries of testis
 Chronic Orchitis
 Enlarged prostate and perineal hernia
 Prevention of breeding nuisance.

3. Pre-anesthesia & Preoperative Antibiotic
• Long acting antibiotic
• Inject Xylazine and Atropine & wait for 10 mins.
• Inject Ketamine after 10 mins.
Top Up Preparation
Prepare Top Up mixture of Diazepam and Ketamine in the ratio 1:2.
Fix a butterfly scalpen vein on the cephalic vein for fluid therapy
and top up.

4. Preparation of Site:
• Clip hairs around the scrotum and pre-scrotal areas and scrub
the areas with Chlorohexidine

5. SITE OF OPERATION:
1. Pre-scrotal site: 3 cm long incision on the midline in front of the
scrotum.
CONTROL:
• Dorsal recumbency

6. SURGICAL PROCEDURE
Open Method Closed Method
• Tunica Vaginalis is incised • Tunica Vaginalis is left intact

7. • One tests is pushed forward and is held in position by left index
finger and thumb and about 2-3 cm long incision is made in the
skin un till white glistening Tunica Vaginalis is visible.
• The testicle is now squeezed out and can be removed by any of the
above methods:
Pre-scrotal Technique
Ligation of Spermatic Cord: Miller’s Know
Wound Closure: Usual manner with absorbable suture material.

8. UPWARD FIXATION OF PATELLA
Normal Anatomy of Stifle Joint

9.  The Condition occurs on the medial trochlea of the femur
between middle and medial patellar ligaments.
UPWARD FIXATION OF PATELLA
Articular surface of
patella

10. Causes of UFP
1. Hereditary: Straight hind limb
2. Debility and poor condition
3. Trauma
4. Abrupt training
5. Laxity of patellar ligaments
6. Overextension of hind limb

11. Clinical Symptoms of UFP
 Animal keeps the limb in extension while walking.
 Knuckling of fetlock
 Resists reverse walk
 Raises hind quarter of affected side and moves by swinging the
limbs outward and forward.

12. Treatment
Control and anesthesia: Animal is restrained in lateral
recumbency with affected limb towards the ground. The other
limb is drawn forward and tied with forelimbs.
• Sedative with Xylazine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg IM.
• Subcutaneous and deep infiltration with 8 mL of 2%
lidocaine hydrochloride over the medial and middle
patellar ligaments

13. Surgical Treatment:
Open method Closed Method
Closed method is widely used now a days.
• In this method stab incision is made with B.P Blade
immediately in front of medial tuberosity of Tibia.
• Abscess knife is passed through V shaped groove between
middle & medial ligament facing sharp end towards the
ligament. Then transected facing knife toward operator.

14. Post Operative Care
• Rest the animal for 8-10 days
• Infuse antibiotic gel or ointment into the incision