Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Importance of Antisepsis

2. Definitions Of Cleaning, Disinfection And
Sterilization
1. Cleaning:
 The process of removal of organic debris
2. Disinfection:
 A process intended to kill all pathogenic
micro-organisms except bacterial spores.
3. Sterilization:
 The killing of all microbial life including bacteria,
spores, viruses and fungi.

3. 4. Antisepsis :
 It refers to the use of solutions for disinfection.
5. Asepsis:
 Is the absence of infectious organisms.
6. Infectious diseases:
 Are caused by microscopic germs (such as bacteria or
viruses) that get into the body and cause problems
7. Contagious Disease:
Infectious diseases that spread from person to person.

4.  Infection is still one of the most frequent
causes of morbidity and mortality following
surgery.
 Antiseptic and aseptic techniques play a key
role in the reduction of surgical infection.
Patient, surgeon and environmental
Source of Infections

5.  Prevention on the surgical ward: Hand Hygiene.
Decontamination every after contact with patients
with antiseptics.
 Preparation of the patient: Thorough clipping of the
surgical sites, scrubbing the area with chlorohexidine,
application of Povidone iodine on the surgical sites.
 Preparation of the surgical instruments: Sterilization
and disinfection of surgical sites with appropriate
methods.
Measures to Reduce Infection in the Hospitals

6.  Preparation of the surgeon: Wearing sterilized gowns,
gloves, mask and hair cover at right time and
scrubbing hands with standard protocols using
detergents.
 Preparation of the operating theatre: 19 and 22
degree C and humidity between 45 -55%
 Antibiotic prophylaxis: only if postoperative wound
infection is anticipated (one hour before or 15 mins
before anesthesia.
 Surgical technique: Poor tissue handling and
inadequate hemostasis may results in devitalization,
necrosis, wound infection etc.