Here are the key steps to help someone who is having a burn:
1. Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running water for at least 20 minutes. This stops the burning process and reduces pain and damage. Use whatever is available - tap water, a wet flannel or towel.
2. Remove any clothing or jewellery from the affected area unless they are stuck to the burn.
3. Cover the burn loosely with a sterile non-stick dressing or cling film. This helps protect it from infection.
4. Never apply creams, lotions, ice or break any blisters as this could cause further damage or infection.
5. Check that the person's airway is clear
2. First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to
any person suffering from either a minor or
serious illness or injury with care provided to preserve
life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to
promote recovery.
WHAT IS FIRST AID??
3. To PRESERVE life
To PREVENT the injury from worsening
To PROMOTE recovery
To PROTECT the unconscious casualty
AIMS OF FIRST AID
4. Things to keep in a
First Aid Box
Sterile dressing
Triangular bandage
Safety pin
bandage
Adhesive dressing
Scissor Tweezer
Gloves
Face mask
Microporous tape
Antiseptic cream
Sterile wet wipes
6. Your Turn: Primary Survey
1. Check for
danger
Always
make sure
the area is
safe
2. Response
Check the casualty‟s
response. Ask
questions and gently
tap shoulders. Say,
“Open your eyes!”
3. Shout for
help
Anyone
nearby can
assist you
4. Airway
If not clear, then
open by tilting the
head back, use one
hand on forehead
and two fingers
under the chin
5. Breathing
Check for normal
breathing. Use
look, listen and feel
to check.
(Remember 10
seconds!)
6. Circulation
(only if
breathing
normally)
Check the
casualty for
bleeding
If casualty is
not breathing
normally - Call
for emergency
help- then start
CPR
If casualty is
breathing
normally –
Recovery
Position Call for
emergency help
7.
8. Your Turn: Recovery Position
1. Kneel
By the
side of
your
casualty
2. Angle arm
Put the arm
nearest to you
to make a right
angle. Palm
facing upwards
3. Hand to cheek
Bring the arm farthest
away across the
chest and place the
back of their hand
against the cheek
nearest to you
Hold it there
4. Knee bend
With other
hand, bend
their far knee
up so that
the foot is flat
on the floor
5. Knee pull
Pull on the knee
to roll the
casualty towards
you onto their
side
Adjust them as
necessary
6. Ensure airway is open
Recheck breathing
Call for emergency help
9.
10. Your Turn: Minor Head Injury
1. Help your
casualty to
sit down
2. Apply a cold
compress to the
injured area
Treat any
wounds
3. Monitor your
casualty
Watch for
drowsiness
and vomiting
4. Get help if
necessary
Make sure a
responsible
adult stays with
the casualty
11. Your Turn: Sever Head Injury
1. Call for
emergency help
4. Treat
any
serious
wounds
5. Monitor
casualty until
emergency help
arrives
3. Make sure
the airway is
open
2. Do NOT move
your casualty if
you suspect they
could have a neck
injury
12. Your Turn: Sever bleeding
1. Put on
gloves
2. Apply
pressure to
the wound
(but only if
there is
nothing stuck
in it)
3. Apply a dressing to the
wound
the pad goes over the
injury
use bandage to secure it
in place
make sure the bandage is
not too tight
Call for emergency help
4. Apply
second
dressing, if
needed
no more than
two dressings
at a time
5. If an object is in
the wound, do
NOT remove it
put a pad on either
side of the object
bandage carefully
over the pads
without pushing the
object in any further
13. Signs and symptoms of someone in
shock could be:
➤ Rapid, shallow breathing
➤ Cold, clammy skin
➤ Rapid, weak pulse
➤ Dizziness or fainting
➤ Weakness
➤ Sweating
➤ Restlessness
What is shock?
➤ Shock is a life-threatening medical
condition which is caused by a lack of
blood supply to the major organs in
the body.
➤ Lack of blood supply causes a lack of
oxygen supply to the major organs. By
recognising and treating shock quickly
you can help keep the major organs
working.
SHOCK
14. Your Turn: Dealing with Shock
1. Treat
any injuries that
may have
caused shock
2. Help
the casualty to
sit down, then
lie down
3. Raise
and support the
casualty‟s legs if
possible
4. Call
Call for
emergency help
5. Reassure
them and loosen
any tight
clothing
6. Keep
the casualty
warm
15. Your Turn: Choking
1. Ask
„Are you
choking?‟
2.
Encour
age
casualty to
cough
3. Give
up to 5 back
blows using the
heel of your hand
between their
shoulder blades
4. Give
up to 5 „tummy‟
thrusts
(abdominal thrusts)
5. Help
Call for
emergency help
6. Repeat the cycle if
necessary
Remember: Your casualty
could become
unresponsive. Be
prepared to perform CPR
16. Your Turn: Sprains and Strains
1. Help casualty
to sit down
➤ Support the
injured part,
preferably
raised.
(Rest)
2. Cool the area
with a cold
compress
(ICE)
3. Apply comfortable
support to the
injured area
(Comfort)
4. Support the
injured area in a
raised position
to help minimise
the swelling.
(Elevate)
5. If severe pain
persists, send
the casualty to
hospital.
17. Your Turn: Treating Bites
1. Reassure the
casualty
Help them to sit
or lie down
2. Clean
Wash the wound
thoroughly with
soap and water
to minimise the
risk of infection
3. Raise and Support
the wound
Then pat dry with
clean gauze swabs
4. Cover bite
Use a sterile
wound dressing 5. Extra help
If the wound is large
or deep arrange for
the casualty to be
taken to hospital
For other bites that
pierce the skin seek
medical advice
18. Your Turn: Treating Stings
1. Reassure the
casualty
Help them to
sit or lie down
2. Remove the sting
If a sting is visible,
brush or scrape it
sideways with the
edge of a card or your
fingernail
3. Raise affected
area
Apply a cold
compress to
minimise swelling
4. Keep cold compress in place
for at least 10 minutes.
Monitor vital signs and watch
for signs of an allergic
reaction e.g. wheezing
and/or itchy, swollen, red
skin
5. Call for emergency help
If casualty shows signs
of severe allergic reaction
Remember: Your casualty
could become unresponsive. Be
prepared to perform CPR
19. DISCUSS:
➤ How do you manage a sprain?
BONUS QUESTION :
➤How do you deal faint?
QUESTION:
➤What could you do to help someone
who is having burn?